‘ MEDICAL BOTANY 
ORNUS EUROPEA. 
PERSOON. 
MANNA ASH. ; 
Fraxtnus Ornus.—Linneus. 
Sex. Syst.—Diandria Monogynia. 4 
Gen. Cuar.—Calyz very small, four-cleft. Corolla divided to the base into linear segments. Pericarp or winged — 
key, not dehiscing. (Lindley.) 7 
Srecir. Cuar.—A small tree, twenty to thirty feet high, with a close round head. _ Leaves opposite, pinnated, 
large, in three or four pairs ; /eaflets stalked, oblong, acute, serrated, very hairy at the base of the midrib on the under 
side. Panicles dense, terminal, nodding. Flowers small and polygamous. Petals small, white and drooping. Fruit — 
flat, wedge-shaped, smooth, winged. . . 
This plant is an inhabitant of the south of Europe, especially Italy and Sicily. From this as well as from other 
species is obtained officinal manna. 
Manna is procured by incising the tree. The incisions are commenced jn August, and the process is terminated 
towards October, when the rains commence. The incisions are practised daily, and are extended up the trunk of the 
tree until they reach’the branches; they are made two inches in length. The juice flows out and is conveyed by aleaf — 
of the tree into the large leaf of the Indian Fig. The most valuable flows first, during the hottest season, flake manna ; 
the next in value flows later, manna in sorts; and the least valuable flows towards the conclusion of the season when 
the heat has moderated, Sat manna. 
mode of collection, which account has 
Flake manna resembles stalactite 
surface of the tree on which it has ha 
colour, light, porous, and fusible, the 
The manna in sorts consists of b 
€ purgative principle; it also contains some uncrystallizable sugar. 
n Sufficient doses, it however is used as an adjuvant to other articles, as senna. 
PLATE LVI.—Represents the plant in flower. 
LOGANIACER. 
ENDLICHER. LINDLEY. 
LOGANTIADS, 
alvate or convolute estivation. Stamens arising from the corolla, 
* Symmetrical with the divisions of the corolla. Pollen with three bands. 
Style continuous. Stigma simple. Ovules none or soli- 
Fruit either capsular and two-celled, with placente 
tones; or berried with seeds immersed in pulp. Seeds 
nous. Embryo small, with the radicle turned towards 
or trees. The leaves are op} 
e 
