14-2 
natives to stupefy fish, and supposedly in this country and Europe to give bitter- 
ness to malt liquors. : 
Many other species are used in medicine, of which the following hold a more 
or less permanent place: The Brazilian Pareira brava, the roots of Chonodrodendron 
tomentosum, R. et P., a tonic and diuretic, considered almost specific in its action 
upon the mucous wieinbranes of the genito-urinary tract; the Indian Gulancha 
(Zinospora cordifolia, Miers.), a valuable tonic, antiperiodic and diuretic; the 
African Columbo (¥ateorhiza Columba, Miers.), a bitter stomachic and mild tonic, 
often used with good effect in vomiting of pregnancy and atonic dyspepsia; the 3 
West-Indian False Pareira brava (C’ssampelos Pareira, Linn.), more often used 
than the true article for the purposes mentioned. The root of the Crayor and 
Senegal Cocculus Bakis, Guill. is used by the natives in the treatment of their — 
intermittents and in urethral discharges; the root of the Cochin-China C. fbraurea, 
lL). C., is used like the former, and also in various liver affections; C. cimerascens 
and A. platyphyllus, St. Hil. command the same attention by the Brazilians; 
while the Javanese use C. créspus, D.C, which is powerfully bitter, in like troubles. 
Cocculus acuminatus, D. C., is considered alexiteric in Brazil. The Malabar and 
Ceylon Clypea Burmanni, W. and A., is employed, according to Lindley, in inter- 
mittents and hepatic disturbances, as well as a remedy against dysentery and 
hemorrhoids. Czssampelos ovalifolia, D. C., in Brazil, and Abuta rufescens, Aubl., 
in Guayana are used, like most of the members of this. order, as a remedyas in 
intermittents and obstruction of the liver. 
History and Habitat.—The Canadian Moonseed is indigenous to North 
America, where it is quite common on the banks of streams from Canada south 
ward to the Carolinas and westward to the Mississippi. ae 
Our first knowledge of this plant as a remedy was undoubtedly handed down 
from the Aborigines, who are said by Rafinesque to have used the root in scrofu- 
losis; the early settlers also found it useful as a diuretic in strangury in horses. 
Its employment generally by early practitioners has been very similar to that 
of Sarsaparilla, z. ¢., in mercurial, syphilitic, scrofulous and rh umatic diatheses . 
also as a laxative ied tonic in general debility, atonic dyspepsi ( lrec 
orders; and as a remedy in pleural adhesions and i in mmation of 
mucous mon Deane, 
and REDE ees now officinal,, In the Eelec . 
are: Decoctum Menispermi, Menispermi Z, an 
aida “: 7 = 
