& 
33-2 
or polygamous, usually regular and hypogynous; ca/yx of 3 to 5 sepals, or wanting; 
petals 3 to 5, convolutely inbricated in the bud. Stamens as many as the sepals 
and alternate with them, twice as many, or rarely numerous ; filaments arising 
from the base of the gynophore. Pastils 2 to 5, separate or combined into a com- 
pound ovary of as many cells, gynophorus or raised on a glandular torus; s/y/es 
generally united or cohering, even when the ovaries are separate. /yuzt mostly 
capsular, sometimes drupaceous, and baccate; seeds few, anatropous and pendulus; 
festa smooth, shiny, or crustaceous ; embryo large, curved or straight ; a/éumen sar- 
cous, generally enclosing the embryo; co¢yledons oval, flat. 
This large order now contains, beside the typical Rutacez, the formerly sepa- 
rate families Xanthoxylaceze and Aurantiacez, including thus many valuable med- 
icinal plants and pleasant fruits, among them are the following more or less 
prominent: The Central American Carony or Angustura bark (Galipea Cusparea, 
St. Hil., Angustura vera), of which we have an excellent proving ; the European 
Rue (Ruta graveolens, Linn.), also prominent in our Materia Medica; the famed 
Buchu of the Cape of Good Hope (Barosma crenulata, Hook.), and the lesser 
species B. betulina, B. & W.,and B. serratifolia, Willd., of the same country; the 
powerful diaphoretic Jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius, Lam.; the following febri- 
fuges: the Brazilian Evodia febrifuga, Ticorea jasminifolia, and T. Jebrifuga, all of 
St. Hil.; and the European Bastard Dittany (Dictamnus fraxinella, Linn.). Next 
our attention is brought to the Auranticee, the latest addition to the order, where 
we find the following well-known fruits: the Bitter or Saville Orange (Crtrus Vul-° 
garts, Risso.), supposed to be the original of the Sweet or China Orange (Ciérus 
Aurantium, Linn.), which cannot be said to be ever found in a really wild state; 
the source of the Oil of Bergamot (Gus Bergamina, Risso.), supposed to be 
either a variety of the orange, or lemon, or a hybrid; the Citron (Cetrus Medica, 
Risso.), its wild state growing in the mountainous northern district of India; the 
Limes (Cztrus acida, Roxb., C. Lumina, and C Limetta, Risso.) ; and finally the 
Indian astringent Bael (Aegle Marmelos, Correa, Cra'eva Marmelos, Linn.) the 
ripe fruit of which is known as the Bengal Quince, and said to be made into 
a laxative preserve, or a pleasant refrigerant drink. Lastly, the former Xan- 
thoxylacee yield us beside Ptelea and Xanthoxylum treated of here, the following 
stimulants: the Chinese Xanthoxylum Avicenne, D. C.., supposed to-be a general 
antidote for all poisons by the natives; the West Indian _Y. Clava-Flercults, Linn. ; 
the Bengalese X. Alatum, Roxb.: and the Japanese X. fifertta, D. C.; the 
astringent tonics Brucea Sumatrana, Roxb., and the Abyssinian 2B. antidysenterica, 
Mill., the Indian 7oddalia aculeata, Pers., and the African sub-astringent Lopez- 
root 7. lanceolata, Lam.). 
History and Habitat.—The northern prickly ash is common in localities only, 
throughout the northern portion of the Eastern United States, where it flowers 
in April and May, before the appearance of the leaves. Three other species are 
found in the South United States, viz.: X. Clava-Herculis, Linn. (X. Carolinianum, 
Lam.) ; X. Caribeum, Lam. (X. Floridanum, N utt.); and X. Prerota, H.B.K. 
Xanthoxylum was an article of American aboriginal medicine called Hantéola ; 
