46-3 
the inspissated juice of the Indian Butea Jrondosa, Keenig, is considered to bea 
good substitute for the officinal Kino; the seeds form a Mohammedan vermifuge 
of considerable repute. Kino, noted as an astringent application to indolent ulcers, 
and internally as a remedy in diarrhoea and pyrosis, is the inspissated juice of two 
species of the genus Pterocarpus, as follows: Malabar Kino, from P. marsupium, 
D.C., African Kino, from P. erinaceus, Poir.; other kinos are used, produced by 
plants outside of this family. Balsam of Peru, a well-known astringent, used to 
check excessive discharges from mucous surfaces, as in leucorrhcea, gonorrheea, 
and gleet, and internally in asthma and bronchitis as an expectorant, is the resinous 
exudation of the Central American Zo/uifera Fereira, Baill. Balsam of Tolu is 
the resinous exudation of the South American 7o/uifera balsamum, Linn.: it forms 
one of the most useful stimulant expectorants, and components of cough-candies, 
of the day; the tropical Bonduc Seeds, the fruit of Cesalpinia Bonducella, Roxb., 
are used in India as a tonic and antiperiodic in general debility and intermittent 
fevers, The Cassias used, other than those previously mentioned, are; the Asiatic 
Indian Laburnum (Cassta Fistula, Linn.), a noted purgative or mild laxative, accord- 
ing as the dose is large or small; the American Wild Senna (Cassia Marilandica, 
Linn.), a cathartic, whose action often causes severe griping ; and T innivelly Senna 
(Cassia augustifolia, Vahl.), which is considered a safe and brisk purgative. The 
active principle of the sennas (cathartic acid) seems to be eliminated by digestion, 
and to pass into mother’s milk in an active state, as babes are often purposely or 
accidentally purged by the nurse’s use of senna leaves. The well-known laxative 
refrigerants, East and West Indian and Egyptian Tamarinds, are the fruits of 
LTamarindus Indica, Linn, Cutch or Catechu, a product of the Indian Acacia 
Catechu, Willd., is used, like “pale catechu,” as an astringent, useful in chronic 
dysentery and diarrhcea, as well as in speaker's aphonia and passive hemorrhages, 
The root of the Mediterranean Anthyli’s Hermannie, Linn., is a powerful diuretic ; 
and A. vulneraria, Linn., is an excellent styptic. The seeds of the Indian Psoralia 
corylifola, Linn., are considered stomachic and deobstruent. The root of the East 
and West Indian Citoria ternatea, Linn., is emetic; while that of the Circassian 
Pueraria tuberosa, D.C , is employed by the natives to reduce swellings of joints; 
and that of the New Zealand 7ephrosta purpurea, Pers., is tonic and antidyspeptic. 
The bark of the Indian Agati grandiflora, Desv., is a powerfully bitter tonic. The 
leaves of the South European Bladder Senna (Co/utea arborescens, Linn.), are pur- 
gative, and used as an adulteration of senna; while those of Coronilla Emerus, 
Linn., and C. varia, Linn., have a similar property, the latter being considered also 
diuretic and even poisonous. The leaves of the European Ar‘hrolobium scorpioides, 
D.C., are vesicant; and the roots of the Indian Ormocarpum sennoides, D.C., 
tonic and stimulant. The leaves of the East Indian Phaseolus trilobus, Willd., are 
considered by Hindoo practitioners to be sedative, antibilious, and tonic. The 
Guadeloupe Dragon’s Blood, an exudation of Pterocarpus Draco, Linn., was once 
used as a substitute for the true commercial article,* as an astringent in dysentery. 
Rumph states that the roots of the Molucca Cesa/pinia Nuga, Ait., are useful in 
* Resina Draconis, from Calamus Draco, Willd. (Palmz); another substitute for which was claimed in the exuda- 
. tion of the Canary Island Dreaena Draco, Linn. (Liliacez). 
