78-4 
at the apex. Such are always female or neutral, or, when all the flowers of the head 
have ligulate corollas, then hermaphrodite. Anthers with basal auricles either 
rounded or acute, or sometimes produced into tails (cewdate). Branches of the style 
in female flowers and in some hermaphrodite ones margined with stigma, 2. é., stig- 
matic lines, quite to the tip; in most hermaphrodite flowers these lines shorter, 
occupying the lower portion, or ending at the appendage or hairy tip.” The 
largest subdivision or series of this order is the TuBULIFLORA, wherein the her- 
maphrodite flowers have tubular and regular flowers. The LasIATIFLoR& have 
corollas of all, or only of the hermaphrodite flowers, bilabiate. The LicuLirior#& 
have all flowers hermaphrodite and all corollas ligulate. 
Beside the 19 medicinal species treated of in this work, and those spoken of 
under the description of the genus Eupatorium, we have provings of the follow- 
ing: Wyethia (Wyethia, Helenoides, Nutt.) ; the New Zeyland Puka-puka (Brachy- 
glottis repens, Forsk.); the Arctic American Grindelia (Grindelia sguarrosa, 
Dunal.); the European Mountain Arnica (Arnica montana, Linn.); the Spanish 
Pellitory (Pyrethrum Parnethium, Linn.); the European Coltsfoot (Zusstlago Far- 
fara, Linn.); and the Italian Sweet-scented Coltsfoot (7. /ragrans, Linn.); the 
European Daisy (Bellis perennis, Linn.); the South European Marigold (Calen- 
dula officinalis, Linn.); the Blessed Thistle (Carduus Benedictus, Linn.; Centaurea 
Tagana, Willd.); Chamomilla, the German Chamomile (M/aéricaria Chamomilla, 
Linn.); and Cina, the European Wormseed (Artemisia Cina, Berg. ; A, santonica, 
Linn., Artemisia Contra.).* : 
Outside of our materia medica many valuable, and secondary, drugs are used ; 
prominent among them we find: the American Daisy-fleabane (Zrigeron hetero- 
phyllum, Muhl.), a reputed remedy for gravel, hydrothorax, and gout; and. £. 
Philadelphicum, Linn.,a powerful emmenagogue, The German Pellitory (Anacyclus 
officinarum, H.D.B.), a powerful irritant, sialagogue and stimulant. The Fast 
Indian Veronia anthelmintica, Willd., is considered a most powerful vermifuge; the 
Indian Elephantopus scaber, Linn., is used on the coast of Malabar in dysuria ; the 
Mexican Xoxonitztal or Voloxiltic (Piqueria trinervia, Cav.) is said to be a valuable 
antiperiodic, Many species of Zzadr7s are considered powerful diuretics, especially 
L. squarrosa, Willd., and L. odoratissima, Willd. The Brazilian Coracoa de Fesu 
(Mikania officinalis, Mart.) is claimed to be an excellent stomachic-tonic; and the 
South American M. Guaco, H. & B., and the Brazilian Erva da Cobra (M. opifera, 
Mart.), are considered efficacious antidotes to the bites of the cobra de capello, and 
those of malignant insects. The common European Fleabane (Pulicaria aysen- 
tertca, Gzertn.) is said to have once cured the Russian army of dysentery. Two 
species of Bidens, viz.: the European &,. tripartita, Linn., and the Carolinian 2. 
Chrytsanthemordes, Michx., together with the South American Spilanthes oleracea, 
Jacq. (Bidens fervida, Lam.), produce acrid and copious salivation. The May- 
weed, Maruta cotula, D.C.), so common almost generally throughout the North 
Temperate Zone, is fetid and blistering, and causes copious vomiting and 
* Bentley and Trimen, in their work on “ Medicinal Plants,” consider that the true source of Santonine is from 
the Russian and Asiatic Artemisia pauciflora, Weber (A. Cina, Willk., not Berg.). 
