WN. ORD.—COMPOSIT Ae 
Tribe.—C YNARODEA., 
GENUS.—ARCTIUM,* LINN, 
SEX. SYST.—SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AEQUALIS. 
92 
LAP PA? 
BURDOCK. 
SYN.—ARCTIUM LAPPA, LINN.; A, MAJUS, SCHK.; LAPPA OFFICINALIS, 
ALLIONI; L. MAJOR, GAIRTN.; L. OFFICINALIS, VAR. MAJOR, GRAY; 
BARDANA MAJOR, GER. 
COM. NAMES.—COMMON BURDOCK, CLOTBUR;!t BAT WEED; (FR.) GLOU- 
TERON, BARDANE; (GER.) KLETTE. 
A TINCTURE OF THE FRESH ROOT OF ARCTIUM LAPPA, LINN. 
j Description.—This coarse, rank, biennial emigrant, grows to a height of 
a about 3 or 5 feet. Root deep, sub-cylindrical, almost black externally and white 
: within. Stem stout; branches numerous, widely spreading. Leaves alternate, 
ample, orbicular-cordate, unarmed; green and smooth above, whitish cottony 
beneath, all marked with prominent, crimson veins; efioles stout, those of the 
lower leaves deeply channelled upon the upper side. /nflorescence somewhat 
cymose or clustered; heads many flowered, homogamous, tubulifloral, herma- 
phrodite ; zzvo/ucre globular, strongly imbricate ; bracts all spreading, coriaceous, 
and nearly smooth, divided into three portions from below upward, viz.: dase 
dilated appressed, with a ridge marking its outer median line, the edges some- 
what serrated ; av7sta long, slender and smooth, the apex coverted into a strongly 
incurved ook of a horny consistence, sharp and transparent. Coro//a pink, equally 
or somewhat unequally five-cleft; /odes long, narrow, and acute. Stamens exserted, 
united by their anthers (except the tips) into a purple tube enclosing the style ; 
filaments smooth, distinct; anthers tailed at the base and furnished with an elon- 
gated, connate, cartilaginous apex. Sile long, filiform, thickened at the apex 
where it bifurcates into partly distinct, slender, smooth branches without appen- 
dages, and stigmatic to the apex on the inner side. Receptacle flat or “heist 
densely setose. -Akenes somewhat bony, inversely pyramidal, transversely ee 
kled, and attached by the very end of the pointed base ; pappus a 0 
numerous, short, rigid, barbellate bristles, which are finally separately deciduous. 
gh, shaggy, fruiting heads. 
hold the burr takes upon fabrics and 
ape prehendere vel Aaxrew lambere. 
from a fancied resemblance in the rou 
a hand, signifying the tenacious 
Lappa dici potest vel aro rw 
* "Apxros, arktos (Celtic arth), a bear, 
+ Aagety, Jabein, to lay hold of, Celtic ap, 
the coats of animals. Ray says (Hist., 232; Sya-» 196), 
t The clotburs are properly species of Xanthium. 
