N. ORD.—COMPOSIT:. 
S. ORD.—LIGULIFLORA. 
GENUS.—CICHORIUM,* TOURN. 
SEX. SYST.—SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AQUALIS. 
se) 
© 
CICHORIUM. 
CHICCORY. 
SYN.—CICHORIUM INTYBUS, LINN.; CICHORIUM SYLVESTRE SIVE 
OFFIC. BAUH. 
COM. NAMES.—WILD OR BLUE SUCCORY OR CHICCORY, WILD EN- 
DIVE; (FR.) CHICOREE SAUVAGE; (GER.) CICHORIE, WEGEWART. 
A TINCTURE OF THE FRESH ROOT OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS, L. 
Description.—This partially naturalized, branching, perennial herb, grows to 
a height of from 2 to 4 feet. Root deep, more or less fusiform, woody, branching, 
and surcharged with milky juice. Stem bristly, hairy ; dvanches rigid and stout; 
leaves alternate, those from the root runcinate, the lower stem leaves oblong-lan- 
ceolate, dentate, and partly clasping, those on the branches varying from auricu- 
late-lanceolate to mere bracts. Jsflorescence axillary and terminal heads; heads 
2 or 3 sessile, several-flowered, homogamous, or single and raised upon a hollow 
peduncle. Jnvolucre double, the outer row composed of 5 short, spreading scales ; 
the inner of 8 or 10. lowerets all ligulate and perfect; “gudes 5-toothed, bright 
blue, becoming pinkish, then whitish, as the day advances. Sv/amens: filaments 
white, slender, and unconnected ; anthers deep blue. Stgimas 2, circinate, dark 
blue. Afenes turbinate, striate, angular, and glabrous; prppus composed of 
numerous short, chaffy scales, forming a sort of crown. 
History and Habitat.—This European emigrant grows chiefly near the 
eastern coast, from whence it is spreading somewhat inland. It flowers through- 
out the months of July, August, and September. Its blossoms present a beau- 
tiful sight in early morning or on cloudy days, but fade and wither during bright 
sunshine. The principal previous use of this plant has been that of the root 
as an adulteration of, or substitute for, coffee. This use, it appears, originated 
with the Egyptians and Arabians, who also used the bleached leaves as a salad, 
the boiled or baked roots as pottage, and made a flour for bread from them when 
dried, Endive (CGichorium Endivia), so much used in many countries as salad, 
was at one time thought to be merely a cultivated state of this species. The 
specific names Endivia and Intybus both appear to spring from the same Arabic 
word designating the herb, hendibeh. As regards the use of chiccory, Dickens says 
in his “Household Words:” “The great demand for chiccory has led to its very 
extensive cultivation in this country; considerable sums of money have been 
pn aye irene 
* The Latinized Arabian name Chickourych. 
