PHANEROGAM &. 
Fiowerine Piants, or such as have distinct appreciable organs of reproduction. They are also called Vasculares, 
from the commingling of vessels, in their structure, with the cells, which latter existing alone in the CryprogamM& or 
FLowERLEss Piants, are known as Cellulares. Vascular plants are provided with stomata ; the cellular are destitute 
of them. 
DICOTYLEDONEA vez EXOGEN &. 
_Dicotyledonous or Exogenous plants are such as have in their seeds two or more cotyledons or lobes, and grow by 
additions to their exterior. They are the most highly organized of all vegetable productions. The stems or trunks 
are composed of bark, woody fibre, and pith, deposited upon each other in the order named. ‘The bark is composed of 
layers, becoming thicker by the deposition of new matter on the inner side. The wood is made up of concentric lig- 
neous rings, traversed by medullary rays. Each ring is the deposit of one period of inflorescence, and taking place 
exteriorly, constitutes the exogenous growth. It is penetrated lengthwise by the canals which carry the ascending sap 
and descending fluids, and spiral vessels. These are most apparent in the sap-wood or alburnum, which constitutes 
_ the outer portion of the stem, while in the inner portion, the heart-wood or duramen, if the plant be large and long 
hi ved, they are obliterated. ‘The leaves are reticulated in the arrangement of their veins, and are articulated with thee. 
e Cotyledons opposite if two; if more, verticillate. The radicle is naked. ei 
‘The Dicotyledonous plants afford the largest number of medicinal substances, as well as the most important edible 
fruits. ae 
od 
THALAMIFLOR A | 
DE CANDOLLE. 
a calyx and corolla. The petals are distinct from one another. Stamens hypogynous, or 
RaNUNEDLACT 
ee 
niculate. Calyx composed 
estivation. Petals three to 
ror » or indefinite, hypogynou 
le cleft. gre numerous, pesited on a torus, one-celled, or united into a si 
ep the ovules adhering to the inner edge; ole one to ¢ 
