CINCHONA CORDIFOLIA. | 
The bark of the tree constitutes the officinal portion; that from the root is regarded as most efficacious. It is 
brought into the market in pieces slightly quilled, several inches long, half an inch to two inches broad end two or 
three lines thick, of a grayish red colour, breaking with a short fracture, and exposing lighter coloured surfaces, 
mottled with red and white. The pieces from the root are rougher externally, and more frequently destitute of epi- 
dermis. The odour is feeble; the taste bitter and astringent, with a little aroma. In the fresh state, the taste is acrid, 
Dr. Walker wrote an essay on this bark in 1803. He found it to contain gum, resin, with tannic and gallic acids, 
To these Mr. Cockburn (Am. Journ. of Pharm.) has added oil, fatty matter, a crystalline substance, bitter extractive, 
wax, red colouring matter, &c. From his experiments it appeared that the bitterness alone resided in the extractive 
matter, from which the crystalline substance is obtained. A principle called cornine was announced some years ago 
by Mr. G. W. Carpenter. 
The Dogwood bark is a tonic. By Dr. Walker it was found to augment the force of the pulse, and increase the 
heat of the body. It is also an astringent. It has been used in intermittent fever in lieu of Cinchona, but the large 
doses required, frequently disordered the stomach. It is used in powder, infusion and decoction. 
Prare XLII.—Represents the plant in flower, a fully expanded leaf, and the dissected flower and the fruit. 
CINCHONACES. 
LINDLEY. 
EssentiaL Cuar.—Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves simple, quite entire, opposite or verticillate, with interpetio- 
lary stipules. Flowers arranged variously, usually in panicles or corymbs. Calyx adherent, with a definite number 
of divisions or none. Corolla superior, tubular, regular, with a definite number of divisions which are valvate or imbri- 
cate in estivation, and equal to the segments of the calyx. Stamens arising from the corolla, all on the same line and 
alternate with its segments. Ovary inferior, surmounted by a disk, usually two-celled, occasionally with several cells; 
ovules numerous and attached to a central placenta, or few and erect or ascending, anatropal or amphitropal. Style 
single, inserted, sometimes partly divided. Stigma usually simple, sometimes divided into a definite number of parts. 
Fruit inferior, either splitting into two cocci, or indehiscent and dry, or succulent, occasionally many-celled. Seeds 
definite or indefinite; in the former case erect or ascending, in the latter attached to a central axis ; embryo small, 
oblong, orthotropal or homotropal, surrounded by a horny albumen; cotyledons thin ; radicle longer, inferior. (Lindley.) 
This order constituted a portion of Rudiacee of Jussieu, which by Lindley has been separated into Conchonacee 
and Stellate. The Cinchonaceous tribe is one of the most remarkable and interesting, in consequence of the number 
of active plants constituting it, and their peculiar richness in alkaloid principles, of which cinchonia, nee = a 
tia are examples ; some neutral principles also exist, as caffe and catechuine. ‘There 1s some difference a the ye on 
Sc gpioae of the individuals composing it; thus the cinchonas are tonic and anti-febrile, the ipecacuanhas are c, 
and gambir is astringent, while coffee is stimulating. 
A large er of the most active of the ie are natives of South America; but they are not confined oe a 
region. Some valuable ones are to be found in North America, a few in India, and many in the West Indies 
Pacific Islands. 
CINCHONA CORDIFOLIA. 
MUTIS. 
Sex. Syst.——Pentandria, Monogynia. : : ‘vation Al 
Gen. Cuar.—Calyz five ae as Corolla hypocrateriform, with a five parted sngghre ea elk the 
thers linear, inserted within the tube, and not projecting, unless in avery slight say oe see  saauatuanoes tac- 
dissepiment into two cocci, open at the commissure, and crowned by the edge. Seeds gh y 
tated wing. 
Spectr. Cuar.— Branches quadrangular, smooth. Leaves 
roundish-oblong and tapering at the base, strongly veined, thin, 
roundish, obtuse at both ends, especially at the voageei 
quite smooth above, soft with down on the under side, 
