52 MEDICAL BOTANY. 
and hairy at the veins and axils when young, becoming nearly smooth when old, never pitted. Panicle contract 
thyrsoid, leafy at the base, or formed of corymbose peduncles, axillary to the upper leaves; with the ramifications 
tomentose. Calyx tomentose, with a large, smooth, campanulate, five toothed cup, the lobes of which soon become 
quadrate and cuspidate; the tube, when it first begins to swell, after the flowers have dropped, subglobose, but soon 
after lengthening. Corolla tomentose, with a thick tube, the diameter of which is equal to the length of the shaggy lobes, 
(Lindley.) ‘The cordiform character of the leaf is not mentioned by Lindley, it is only found in some states of the leaf. 
The C. cordifolia is a spreading tree, fifteen to twenty feet high, rising on a single, erect, round stem. 
It inhabits the mountains of New Granada, under the fourth degree of North Latitude, at an elevation of from 
5000 to 8000 feet above the sea, according to Humboldt. It is the plant described by Mutis, as found in the neigh- 
bourhood of St. Fée de Bogota, and is supposed by him to yield the Yellow Bark; it is thus assumed by the London 
and Dublin Colleges, but it has been discovered that the Yellow Carthagena Bark of Guibourt, (China flava dura, 
Bergen,) and the product of this tree are identical. It does not yield the Royal Yellow or Calisaya Bark, which is the 
only officinal Yellow Bark in the U. S. P., buta non-officinal article. The exact source of the Officinal Yellow which 
comes from Bolivia, or what was formerly Southern Peru, is not exactly known. (See Pereira, Mat. Med., art. Cin- 
chona Calisaya.) 
Hayne, in his article upon this species, has specified varieties, which are tomentosa, villosa, pubescens and 
glabra ; the latter corresponding to the C. officinalis of Linneus, which refers either to this plant or the C. condami- 
nea. From the differences, as regards covering to the leaves, thus specified, and the peculiar proneness to change 
in their form, may have arisen the mistake of supposing that it is the same as C. ovata, Ruiz and Pavon; and 0. 
pubescens, Vahl, which is corrected by Lindley. By the common people in the province of New Granada, it is called 
Velvet Bark. 
The bark of C. cordifolia is imported in serons, weighing eighty to one hundred pounds, from Carthagena. “It 
occurs in fine, middling, and thick quills, and in flat pieces. The quills vary in diameter from three to eight lines, 
in thickness from a half, to one and a half lines, in length from five to nine, rarely to fifteen inches. The flat pieces are 
more or less twisted, arched, or warped (sometimes like pieces of dried horn) in drying, and are from a half to two 
inches broad, two to seven lines thick, and four to eight, rarely twelve inches long. The coat, which is usually more 
or less rubbed off, is thin, soft, somewhat corky, laminated, with irregular longitudinal furrows; transverse cracks 
and warts are rare. ‘The epidermis is whitish (micaceous) yellowish white, or ash gray. The inner surface is smooth 
or splintery, frequently hollowed out. The prevailing tint of the cortical layers is usually dull ochre yellow. The 
longitudinal fracture (which is with difficulty affected), is uneven, short, and coarse splintery ; the transverse fracture 
is short, splintery. The taste is moderately bitter and slightly astringent. The powder is cinnamon coloured.” (Pe- , 
reira.) In our market, as remarked in the U. S. Dispensatory, the pieces are comminuted, and much smaller ; in fact, 
it is rather in fragments than entire pieces. 
The amount of cinchonia and quinia in the Hard Carthagena yellow bark, as found by Von Santen, was, Cin- 
chonia, 30 grs., and Quinia as sulphate, 32 grs. to the pound of quills and flat pieces ; from the flat pieces alone, he 
Sse C. 36 os Sulph. Q. 5 grs. Goebel and Kirst found in it 56 ers. Quinia, and 43 grs. pure Cinchonia. It 
ongs to the third division of Geiger, or of barks containing nearly equal quantities of the alkaloids. 
This bark is moderately efficacious as an anti-febrile, but is powerfully tonic. 
Plate XLIII.—Represents the plant in flower, a fully expanded leaf, and the dissected flower, with the capsule. 
CINCHONA MICRANTHA. 
RUIZ AND PAVON. 
C. Scrostcunats — Humboldt : 
‘ and Bonpland. 
Sex. Syst.—Pentandria, Monogynia. ae 
Gen. Cuar.—See previous species, 
Specie. Cuar.— Branches 
use; 
or hardly acute rather b quadrangular, quite Smooth, except among the inflorescence. Leaves on a | 
distinctly pitted at the eee very large, often a span long without the petiole, quite smooth on each pee - 
axils of the veins, and either smooth or hairy there; the uppermost, at the base of the : 
