ARNICA MONTANA. 59 
INULA HELENIUM. 
e LINNZUDS. 
ELECAMPANE. 
Sex. Syst—Syngenesia. Polygamia superflua. 
Gen. Cuar.—Head many flowered, heterogamous. F'lorets of the ray female, in one row, sometimes by abortion 
sterile, usually hgulate, rarely somewhat tubular and trifid; those of the disk hermaphrodite, tubular, five-toothed. 
Involucre imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat, or somewhat convex, naked. _Anthers with two sete at the base. 
Achene without a beak, tapering, or in I. helenium four-cornered. Pappus uniform, in one row, composed of capillary 
roughish seta. (De Candolle.) 
Spectr. Cuar.—Root thick, branching, aromatic, bitter and mucilaginous. Stem three feet high, leafy, round, 
furrowed, solid, branched, and most downy in the upper part. Leaves large, ovate, serrated, veiny, downy and hoary 
at the back ; radical ones stalked, the rest sessile, clasping the stem. Flower heads solitary at the downy summits of 
the branches, two inches broad, bright yellow. Scales of the involucre broad, recurved, leafy, finely downy on both 
sides. Rays very numerous, long and narrow, each terminating in three unequal teeth. Achenia quadrangular, 
smooth. Pappus roughish. Receptacle reticulated, not quite smooth, or naked. (Lindley.) 
This plant is a native of Europe, but has been introduced into this country. It flowers in July and August. 
The root is the officinal portion. It is thick, somewhat spindle shaped, and disposed to branch. It is of a light 
brown colour externally. As it is found in the shops, it is in longitudinal pieces, (quarters, ) of a grayish colour, wrinkled 
and corrugated, somewhat tuberculated on the external coating, having an aromatic camphoraceous odour, and a warm, 
bitter taste. te 
The constituents, according to Prof. John, are volatile oil, elecampane. camphor, acrid resin, bitter extractive, mmu- 
lin, and the ordinary constituents of vegetables. The last mentioned has some of the attributes of starch, but iodine 
colours it yellow. 
Elecampane is an aromatic tonic, a stimulant, diaphoretic and expectorant. It is given in powder and decoction. 
PLate XLIX.—Represents the root, the plant in flower, and the organs of reproduction. 
ARNICA MONTANA. 
LINNAEUS. 
MOUNTAIN ARNICA. 
Sex. Syst,—Syngenesia | Pol i fl 
: ygamia superflua. : : of the disk 
Grn. Cuar.— Head many ilnnols heterogamous. Fiorets of the ray in one Tow, an parser Recep 
ermaphrodite, tubular five-toothed. Involucre campanulate, in two rows, with linear Janceo 
: : ; ; iT remaining in the ligule. 
tacle fringed hairy. Tube of the corolla shaggy ; sometimes some percents eevtnetiat 72 tie Fil by a short 
Style of the disk wi d , | 
é disk with long arms, covered by down running a long way ribbed and hairy. Pappus in one rows ye 
Cone. Achenium somewhat cylindrical, tapering to each end, somewhat 
Posed of close, rigid, rough hairs. (De Candolle. Lindley.) te; the radical obovate, or oblong, 
Spectr. Cran—A perennial hairy plant a foot high. Leaves entire, opposi 3 headed. Heads erect or droop- 
fivenerved; the cauline in one or two pairs; they are hairy and whitish. Stem 1 
8. Involucres rough w it 
gh with glands. Flowers deep yellow. ORR Sa and Pyrenees, 
sa This plant is an inhabitant of the south of Europe, growing in elevated positions in the Alps | 
to advance as high as the perpetual snow line. fibres. ‘The flowers are in Joos 
he root consists of a. cylindri inches long, with | 
cylindrical caudex, two or three inches 4ong, -. odour, and: 
with much pappus. Both are used in medicine. They have a di ble aromatic ’ 
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