ltnNjEan system. 47 



the Linnccan orders and generic characters, with such improvements 

 as reason and analogy suggest, and as Linne himself would ha^'e ap- 

 proved, are reverted to by the most acute and learned entomologists of 

 the asie." 



ORDERS AND GENERA OF LINNE. " 



Order I. COLEOPTERA. 



The insects of this Order form a very natural division. They have 

 hard cases to their wings, with a longitudinal suture; these in some 

 are united, and therefore such insects can have no wings; but tlie 

 wings in most arc two. The mouth in general is furnished with 

 izvo, four, and sometimes sir pa/pi, two mandibles, and tzco inuxiila ; the 

 month is covered above with the clypeus, and closed below with the 

 lips: they have all six feet in their perfect state; in the antennae there 

 is the greatest diversity of shape and form, in this system the princi- 

 pal character of the genera : they have a hard horny skin ; on each 

 side they have nine spiracula, one on the thorax, and eight on the al)- 

 domen. The females lay their eggs in the earth, dung, plants, wood^ 

 &c. and from these proceed the larvTe. 



The larvtB have six feet near the head, which differs in form and size 

 in the different genera; jaws at the mouth; two eyes; often short an- 

 tenna; and on each side nine spiracula. Those that feed on plants 

 and their roots move but slowly ; those which li\ e on dead animals are 

 more active; others, as the Caruhiche, Dj/iicidce, and Stapliylinidts, which 

 feed on living animals, are very rapid in their motions. The larva 

 state, during which insects change their skins, endures in most spe- 

 cies for a year; in the larger species longer, sometimes three or four 

 years. When tlie lan'a arrives at its app- inted time, it drav\'s itself 

 together, and changes for the most part into a pupa incompkta, which, 

 sometimes below tlie earth or in rotten wood, reposes for several weeks 

 or months. Afterwards the skin of the pupa bursts, and the perfect 

 insect appears. It is now fit for the propagation of its species. 



Genus 1. Scaradsus. 



Antenna clavated; the club lamellated ( P/. 1. fig. 1. a.): pulpi four: 



mandibles horny, in general withou.t teeth : the tibia or second joint of 



tiie foremost pair of feet generally dentated. 

 Species 1. Sc. Tt/plueus. Three horns on the thorax, the middle one the 



smallest; the other t-w^o extending forwards and of the same lengtl% 



with the head, which has no horns. {PI. 1. fg. I.) 

 Inhabits Europe. 



