OF REPTILES AND BIRDS. 19 



snakes ; there is a peculiar dorsal ridge upon the front part of the tongue, which Duver- 

 noy considered glandular, but really it is composed of two sets of muscular fibres. 

 Around the rod-like extension of the hyoid there is a muscular cylinder composed of two 

 distinct sets of radiating fibres, the very extraordinary arrangement which I endeavored 

 to render clear by word and drawing, (pp. 14-15). 



In Mimus the posterior and anterior parts of the tongue are distinguished by j^ecu- 

 liarities in the epithelium, similar to those observed in snakes, but the bird is distinguished 

 by the glands on the back portion of the tongue, numerous small conglol)ate ones above, 

 two large tubular ones below. The bones and muscles conform to a third distinct type, 

 and were correctly described by Duvernoy. 



LITERATURE. 



I. Bendz, H. Bidrag til den sammenlignende anatoraie af nci-vus glossopharyngeus, vagus, acces- 

 soi-ius willisii og hypoglossus, hos Reptilierne. K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Afh. x (184.3) 113-152. 

 Tab. i-ix. 

 CuviER, G. See VIII Duvernoy. 

 II. Desmoulins. Anatoinie du Systeme nerveux des animaux a vertebres. Paris, 1825. 



III. Duces, Axt. Recberclies anatomiques et physiologiques sur la deglutition dans les reptiles. Ann. 



Sci. Nat., XII. (1827) 337-395 PI, xlvi. 



IV. DtjMEKiL, AuGUSTE et Jacquart, Henri. Memoire siir la Deglutition cbez les Ophidians. Robin. 



Journ. de I'Anat. et Physiol., ii (1865) 56-71, PI. xx-xxi. 

 V. Duvernoy, G. L. De la langue consiileree comme organe de prehension des alimens. Mem. Soc. 

 d'Hist. Nat. Strnssbourg, i. (1830). Memoire F. de la premiere livraison, pagination separee 

 1-20, avec 5 planches. 



VI. , Memoire sur quclques partieularites des organes de la deglutition de la classe des Oiseaux 



et des Reptiles. Mem. Soc. d'Hist Nat., Strassbouvg, n (1832J, paginat. separ. 1-24. PI. i-v. 



VII. , Memoire sur les caracteres tires de I'anatomie pour distinguer les serpens venimeaux des 



serpens non venimeaux. Ann. Sci. Nat., xxvi, (1832), 113-157. PL v-x. 



VIII. , Le5ons d'anatomie comparee de Georges Cuvier,2me Ed., Tome iv, Ire Partie. Paris, 1835 



De PHyokle et de ses muscles, p. 451-548. 



De la langue consideree comme organe mobile, p. 548-593. 



IX. Henle, . Vergleiehend-.anatomische Beschreibung des Kehlkopfes. Leipzig, 1839. 



X. Hesse, Fr. Ueber die Muskeln der raenschlichen Zunge. Zeitschr. f. Anat. Entwges. i. (Leip- 

 zig, 1876) 80-106. Taf. iii-iv. 

 XI. Houston, JoH>f. On the structure and mechanism of the tongue of the Chameleon. Edinb. New 

 Phil. Journ., vii (1829), 161-177. 1 plate. 

 Jacquart, Henki, — see Dumeril, Auguste. 

 XII. Mivart. On the myology of Chamaeleon parsonii. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1870. p. 850. 



XIII. Peruault. Memoires pour servir a I'histoire uaturelle des animeaux. Premiere Partie. Conte- 



naut :— Description anatomiqne de trois chamaeleons, p. 34-68. avec PI. v, vi, (la langue p. 57.) 

 Mem. Acad. R. Sci., iii. Ire partie (1733). 



XIV. Vetter, Bkn.jamin. Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Kiemen- und Kiefer-mus- 



culatur der Fischo. Jena. Zeitschr. f. Nat. wiss., viii (1874;, 405-458. Taf. xiv-xv. 



XV. , . Dasselbe. Zweitor Theil im Bd. xii, (1878) 431-550. Taf. xii-xiv. 



XVI. Vogt, C. Beitrage zur neurologic der Reptilien. Neuchatel, 1840. 

 XVII. Weber, E. II. Auatomia comparala nervi sympathici. Lipsiae, 1817. 



