PINE GROSBEAK OR BULLFINCH. 535 



reddish cast. The back dusky-brownish ; rump crimson, less vivid 

 than the head. Inferior portion of the breast, belly, and vent whit- 

 ish, each feather having a broad, fuscous line. Wingsi_blackish- 

 brown. 



PINE GROSBEAK or BULLFINCH. 



(Pyrrhula enucleator, Temm. Loxia enudeator, Wilsox, i. p. 80. pi. 

 5. fig. 2. [young male of the first year.] Phil. Museum, No. 

 664.) 



Sp. Charact. — The wings with 2 white bands, and the tail 

 black ; secondaries edged with white ; length about 9 inches. — 

 Mult male tinged with reddish-orange, beneath inclined more to 

 yellow, above varied with blackish-brown. — In the young male 

 the same parts and the rump are carmine of different shades, ex- 

 cept the flanks, abdomen, and vent, which are cinereous. — Fe- 

 male, with the top of the head and rump brownish-orange ; below 

 cinereous, with a faint tinge of orange. 



This splendid and very hardy bird appears to dwell 

 almost wholly within the cold and arctic regions of both 

 continents, from whence only, in severe winters, a few 

 migrate into Canada and the United States, where they 

 are consequently of rare and uncertain occurrence. 

 They are common in the pine forests of Siberia, Lapland, 

 and the northern parts of Russia ; and are also observed 

 in the Scottish Highlands, and on the Northwest coast of 

 America. They have been seen in winter in the lower 

 part of Missouri, and at the same season, occasionally, in 

 the maritime parts of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. 

 The American birds of this species are observed to re- 

 turn to Hudson's Bay as early as April. Accordino- to 

 Mr. Pennant, they frequent the woods of pine and juni- 

 per, and are now possessed of musical talents ; but as the 

 period of incubation approaches, they grow silent. Their 

 nests are made in trees (probably their f.vorite ever- 

 greens), at a small height from the ground, with twigs 

 externally, and lined with feathers. The eggs, 4 or 5 



