590 APPENDIX. 



pairs of tail feathers tipped internally with an oval patch of white, 

 the outer pair also edged with white. Quills hair-brown, the 2d to 

 the 4th inclusive partially edged with an oblique white line, the rest 

 narrowly edged with light French grey. Middle of the breast and 

 belly pure white. Sides, flanks, and under tail coverts deep and 

 bright ferruginous. Inner wing coverts greyish- white. Bill black. 

 Legs pale brown 



This species differs from F. ertjthropthalma in having a smaller 

 bill, with the ridge less arched, the claws are also more slender, some- 

 what longer and obviously less curved. The tarsi are less robust, 

 and one tenth of an inch shorter. The 1st quill feather is mani- 

 festly longer, the 1st and 8th quill feathers are nearly equal in length ; 

 whereas in the Common Ground-Robin the 1st quill is scarcely equal 

 to several of the secondaries. — Note. The Pipilo maculata, Swain- 

 sow, of Mexico approaches very near to the present. 



WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. 



(Loxialeucoptera, Gmel. Bonap. Nutt. Man. Orn. i. p. 540.) 



This species, according to Richardson, inhabits the dense 

 white spruce forests of the fur countries, feeding principally 

 on the seeds of the cones. It ranges through the whole 

 breadth of the continent, and probably up to the 68th par- 

 allel, where the forests terminate. It is usually seen in the 

 upper branches of trees, and, when wounded, still clings so 

 fast as to remain suspended after death. In September col- 

 lecting in small flocks, they fly from tree to tree in a restless 

 manner and make a chattering noise ; and in the depth of 

 winter they retire from the coast to seek shelter in the thick 

 woods of the interior. 



Loxia curvirostra, was not observed by the naturalists of 

 the northern expeditions in any part of the fur countries. 

 It is however described by Forster. In the winter of 1832, 

 during, oi* soon after a severe snow storm, a large flock of 



