SUPERFAMILY TINEOIDEA 99 



There may be from two to several generations a year in 

 this family. Though our native species are not known to 

 have economic importance, Lyonetia clerckella and Leu- 

 coptera scitella are well known minor pests of fruit in Europe 

 and Leucoptera laburnella disfigures plantings of laburnum 

 and lilac there. Leucoptera coffeella which is known to 

 attack coffee almost everywhere that it is cultivated comes 

 near our borders in the West Indian plantations. 



Of the type genus Lyonetia we have in North America 

 several species whose mines are also known. Miss Braun 

 has recently reared two nearly related species from Rhodo- 

 dendrons, one of which she described under the name Lyo- 

 netia Candida. The other rhododendron species, Lyonetia 

 latistrigella, was bred from mines in young tender leaves of 

 the Great laurel, Rhododendron maximum, at Balsam, N. C. 

 The first three centimeters of the mine appeared as a very 

 fine black line, for three more centimeters it widened some- 

 what though still being distinctly linear and then expanded 

 into an elongate brownish blotch some 4 cm. long and about 

 5 mm. wide. As has been said, the naked chrysalis is sus- 

 pended by means of a few silken threads stretched across a 

 bent leaf. Lyonetia Candida was reared from mines in rho- 

 dodendron occidentale in California and from Rhododendron 

 albiflorum in Washington. Its mine is said to be very nar- 

 row and linear for from 3 to 4.5 cm. and then to enlarge 

 abruptly into an irregular blotch. The pupa is enclosed in 

 a slight white cocoon. Lyonetia saliciella was also reared 

 by Dyar in British Columbia. It lives in the leaves of 

 willows making mines similar to those of L. speculella. Lyo- 

 netia alniella is said to make large brownish blotch mines in 

 leaves of alder in the northeastern United States. 



Frost (1924) has studied the habits of Lyonetia speculella 

 which mines the leaves of apple and other hosts. The lar- 

 vae make short linear mines which later broaden into 

 blotches obliterating the original linear portion. Several 



