SUPERFAMILY TINEOIDEA 143 



others but have only one transverse row of crochets. From 

 observing the larva in action it seems that these bands of 

 hooks act in protruding the larvae and in withdrawing them 

 into their cases. In a few species the number of crochets 

 is much reduced. In C. fletcherella they are vestigial, only 

 2 to 6 being represented on the prolegs other than the anal 

 ones. In C. limosipennella they are lacking entirely. 



The markings and strong chitinization of the larvae are 

 confined to the parts which are particularly exposed. In 

 walking about the caterpillars protrude the head, and most 

 of the thorax. They have accordingly black, strongly 

 chitinized head capsules, a black bisected prothoracic 

 shield and a pair of black chitinous plates on the following 

 one or two segments. The legs are also well chitinized. 

 As the larvae feed from their cases they move backward 

 from time to time and, thrusting the anal segment through 

 the posterior valves of the cases they extrude excrement. 

 This anal segment is also protected by a large black plate. 

 The spiracles along the sides of the body are small, circular 

 and faintly indicated, those on the eighth segment, accord- 

 ing to Fracker, being twice as large as the others and placed 

 somewhat higher on the segment. 



The pupa. The pupae are formed within the larval cases. 

 They are dark colored and about four times as long as they 

 are thick. The appendages are soldered one to the other 

 but are free from the body wall. Though abdominal fusion 

 is not entirely complete the seventh segment is fixed in 

 both sexes and the pupal shells are not extruded from the 

 cases at the time of emergence. Though there is no true 

 cremaster, the last abdominal segment bulges out very much 

 at either side and the lateral prolongations are tipped with 

 stout spines. These are caught into the button of silk 

 which seals the case to its support and serves to attach the 

 pupa. 



