ORDER HYMENOPTERA 



223 



side. The head is horizontal in the early stages but slopes 

 downward slightly in the later instars and becomes vertical 

 in the sixth. It is broad and flat, rounded on the sides, 

 and obtuse in front. 



The body is slightly less moniliform and depressed in the 

 sixth instar. In this instar the larvae leave the leaves, enter 

 the earth to a depth of several inches in the soil and con- 

 struct an earthen cell. This cocoon is oval in shape and 



Fig. 68. The cherry or hawthorn leaf miner. 1-6, larval instars; 7, 

 pupa. (After Parrot and Fulton.) 



consists of particles of earth glued together and lined with 

 a sort of cement impervious to water. The larvae abandon 

 the foliage and build this cell about the middle of June but 

 pupation does not occur until late April or early May the 

 following year. 



Until the coloring of the adult begins to show the pupa 

 is white in all portions except the eyes which are reddish. 

 It is about 5 mm. long. The pupation period is very short, 

 occupying hardly more than a week at the very end of 

 April or beginning of May. 



In outbreaks spraying with nicotine seems to be somewhat 



