NOTE Safford and Booke: Stock delineation of Clupea harengus harengus 



207 



heritance in herring (Grant 1981, Kornfield et al. 1981 

 and 1982, King 1984). The designation of alleles is 

 taken from Kornfield et al. (1982) and is based on direc- 

 tion of migration of the enzymes on the gel and their 

 distance from the origin. LDH* is encoded by three 

 anodally migrating loci. The fastest locus, LDH-3 * , was 

 present only in eye tissue and activity was found in only 

 some of the fish, so this locus was not used in the pres- 

 ent analysis. Each of the other two loci were repre- 

 sented by two alleles. PGM* is encoded by two anod- 

 ally migrating loci. The slower locus, PGM-1*, was 

 fixed for the same allele in all samples. The polymor- 

 phic locus, PGM-2*, was represented by three alleles. 

 However, the slowest allele was found in only one 

 specimen. GPI* is encoded by one anodally migrat- 

 ing locus, GPI-2*, which was represented by five alleles 

 in our samples. 



Chi-square contingency table analysis revealed that 

 GPI-2* was significantly different (p<0.05) between 

 JL 1984 and both TL 1984 and JL 1983. This was pro- 

 bably due to a greater frequency of allele 150 in the 

 JL 1984 sample. Its frequency 

 was double (0.18) that found in 

 the JL 1983 sample (0.09) and 

 the TL 1984 sample (0.10). The 

 chi-square goodness-of-fit test 

 showed that the JL 1984 sample 

 was not in C-H-W equilibrium at 

 the GPI-2* locus, which con- 

 tained an excess of 150/ -3 het- 

 erozygotes. The gene-diversity 

 analysis results for the individual 

 loci were similar within each 

 locus, and revealed that more 

 than 99% of the genetic diver- 



sity was found within a single sample. A comparison 

 between the partitioning of the average gene diversity 

 and the average phenotypic variation is showm in Table 

 4. The large between-year phenotypic variation is not 

 reflected in the between-year genetic diversity index, 

 as <1% of the gene diversity can be explained by 

 between-year differences within a spawning group. 



Discussion 



In-depth discussions of the historical construct of her- 

 ring stocks and the implications of recent electropho- 

 retic findings can be found in Jorstad and Naevdal 

 (1981), Smith and Jamieson (1986), and Kornfield and 

 Bogdanovricz (1987). The traditional herring stock con- 

 struct has not been supported by genetic stock struc- 

 ture analyses as none of the electrophoretic studies, 

 including the present one, have found a large amount 

 of genetic differentiation (Andersson et al. 1981, Grant 

 1981 and 1984, Jorstad and Naevdal 1981 and 1983, 



Table 4 



Distribution of relative gene diversity and phenotypic variation of Atlantic herring in 

 geographic and temporal hierarchies. Gene diversity is based on four individual or pooled 

 samples and four polymorphic loci. Phenotypic variation is averaged over 393 individuals, 

 four individual or pooled samples, and eight morphometric characters. 



Between spawning groups 

 Between years within 



spawning groups 

 Within samples 



0.00024 

 0.00074 



0.20138 



0.1 

 0.4 



99.5 390 



823.28 

 2289.34 



18.63 



0.09 

 48.46 



51.45 



