Walker and Radford Eastern Pacific species of the genus Umbnna 



583 



Etymology Named for the late John Wintersteen, 

 longtime researcher in the taxonomy of eastern Pacific 

 sciaenids. 



Distribution Just north of Bahia Magdalena (25°23' 

 N, 112°06'W), and the southern Gulf of California from 

 ~27°N to Mazatlan (Fig. 1). Usually collected in bays; 

 thus far, only recorded in depths to ~2m. 



Relationships of New World 

 Umbrina species 



We did not attempt a phylogenetic analysis because we 

 have not seen all Umbrina. species. In addition, the 

 status and limits of the only recognized sister genus, 

 Sciaena, are uncertain. However, morphological sim- 

 ilarity allows certain groups of the New World species 

 to be distinguished. Umbrina bussingi and U. milliae. 

 (Atlantic) share several characters: compressed barbel, 

 with anterior, slit-like opening; extremely long pectoral 

 fins; very large eyes; caudal rays longest in middle of 

 fin. They also lack stripes and differ slightly in relative 

 body depth and length of second anal spine; we 

 hypothesize that these are geminate species. 



Umbrina analis, U. broussonnettii (Atlantic), U. 

 canosai (Atlantic), U. coroides (Atlantic), U. dorsalis, 

 and U. reedi share the following characters: relatively 

 deep body; relatively long pectoral fins; dusky to dark 

 anal fin. Umbrina analis, U. canosai, and U. reedi 

 have fairly short, stout barbels and 6, 8, and 9 anal rays, 

 respectively. Umbrina analis also has an extremely 

 long, second anal spine. The other three species in this 

 group have relatively slender, elongate barbels and 6 

 or 7 (U. dorsalis) anal rays. Umbrina dorsalis also has 

 a relatively large eye and high number of dorsal rays; 

 U. broussonnettii and U. coroides have low gill raker 

 counts and differ slightly in certain scale and fin covmts 

 and pigmentation. 



Umbrina galapagorum, U. roncador, U. winter- 

 steeni, and U. xanti share the following characters: 

 relatively elongate body; relatively short pectoral fins; 

 little or no pigment on anal fin (exception: U. winter- 

 steeni). Except for U. winter steeni, these species have 

 a somewhat elongate, slender barbel. The inside gill 

 cover of U. roncador and U. xanti is dark to black and 

 the anal ray counts are 7 and 6, respectively. Umbrina 

 galapagorum, which usually lacks stripes (can be faint), 

 and U. wintersteeni, which has a short, stout barbel, 

 have 6 anal rays. Although we have no information for 

 some species, juvenile characters (e.g., extreme dif- 

 ferences in body depth, pectoral fin pigmentation, dor- 

 solateral pigmentation; Fig. 11) corroborate the latter 

 two major groups (six and four species), with U. 

 wintersteeni possibly an intermediate form. 



Distribution 



As with the species of Porichthys, which also are 

 associated with soft bottom (Walker and Rosenblatt 

 1988), the distributional limits of eastern Pacific species 

 of Umbrina generally coincide with zoogeographic 

 boundaries established for rocky shore fishes and other 

 fauna (Springer 1958, Rosenblatt 1967, Briggs 1974, 

 and others). In our area of concern, these boundaries 

 are Point Conception, Bahia Magdalena area. La Paz 

 for the western Gulf of California, and between 

 Guaymas and Mazatlan for the eastern Gulf, Golfo de 

 Tehuantepec area, and northern Peru. Umbrina ron- 

 cador occurs in the northern Gulf of California (north 

 of 27 °N) and from Point Conception to the Bahia 

 Magdalena area, which is also the northernmost Baja 

 California (west coast) limit for U. xanti, U. winter- 

 steeni, and U. dorsalis. Both U. xanti and U. dorsalis 

 are wide-ranging, also occurring from the southern 

 Gulf of California to northern Peru and Equador, 

 respectively. Umbrina wintersteeni also is found in the 

 southern Gulf as far south as Mazatlan. Umbrina bus- 

 singi and U. analis are each known from five collec- 

 tions. Umbrina bussingi occurs nearly throughout the 

 eastern tropical Pacific (southern Gulf of California to 

 Panama), while U. analis apparently is confined to the 

 south (Costa Rica to southern Colombia). 



Additional materials examined 



Umbrina bussingi 140 specimens (56-257mm) from 4 col- 

 lections. Mexico: SIO 62-51 (130); SIO 70-160 (1); CAS 

 36615 (4). Panama: LACM 9099-28 (5). 



Umbrina roncador 367 specimens (23-338 mm) from 88 

 collections. California: SIO H45-130 (17); SIO H45-162 (3); 

 SIO H46-94 (6); SIO H47-160 (2); SIO H48-101 (1); SIO 

 H51-235 (3); SIO H49-90 (5); SIO 86-63 (2); SIO 88-91 (17); 

 CAS 18797 (8); CAS-SU 12666 (1); CAS-SU 19311 (2); 

 CAS-SU 9913 (4); CAS 19515 (1); CAS 19672 (1); CAS 18532 

 (1); CAS 18527 (1); CAS 18347 (2); CAS 12984 (2); CAS 18272 

 (2); UCLA W57-208 (8); UMMZ 162170 (1); UMMZ 177364-5 

 (1); UMMZ 177457 (1); LACM W.58-77 (2); LACM W50-126 

 (2); USNM 132385 (5); USNM 31316 (1); USNM 31317 (1); 

 USNM 31270 (1); USNM 26872 (4); USNM 26758 (4); USNM 

 5299 (1); USNM 52978 (1); USNM 59496 (3); USNM 54332 

 (1); USNM 34781 (1); USNM 132394 (1); USNM 124991 (15); 

 USNM 26849 (1). Mexico, Baja-west coast: SIOH46-215A 

 (7); SIO H48-56 (1); SIO H48-55 (1); SIO H52-160 (8); SIO 

 62-729 (2); SIO H48-48 (12); SIO 62-113 (1); SIO H48-88 (1); 

 SIO H52-137 (8); SIO H52-149 (8); SIO H52-135 (9); SIO 

 60-364 (5); SIO 60-364 (5); SIO 60-367 (1); SIO H48-91 (1); 

 SIO 62-217 (3); UCLA W61-107 (2); UCLA W52-93 (3); UCLA 

 W51-221 (1); UCLA W52-236 (3); LACM W52-248 (7); LACM 

 W52-270 (3); LACM W51-234 (1); CAS-SU 58622 (8); CAS- 

 SU 47932 (4); CAS W52-245 (8); CAS 11713 (2); CAS 

 W52-183 (1); CAS W52-85 (2); CAS W52-93 (2); CAS W52-101 

 (2); USNM 54514 (1); USNM 132406 (1); USNM 46730 (2). 

 Mexico, Gulf of California: UAZ 57 (1); UAZ 156 (71); 



