228 The Ottawa Naturalist. [January 



about-a core of grass, which was doubtless worked into the shape 

 of the desired utensil. Then, by placing- the whole mass in the 

 fire the grass core would be burnt to ashes and a rude eathern 

 vessel would remain as a triumph of aboriginal art. By the other 

 method, some advance appears to have been made, as in this in- 

 stance the matrix has evidently been manipulated both on the 

 inside as well as the outside, which is evidence that the grassy 

 core had been discarded by the adoption of a simpler process of 

 manufacture. 



Specimens of celts or palaeolithic tomahawks, picked up at 

 Bell's Bay and Raymond's Point, as well as others from neighbor- 

 ing localities, .are very crude products of lithal workmanship. A 

 fragment of stone appears to have been selected about the size 

 and as near as possible the shape of the desired weapon. One 

 end of this was then ground down to a cutting edge, and a celt 

 from Raymond's Point has had one side reduced to proper shape 

 by pecking. A peculiarity of many specimens from this district is, 

 that the sharpened end of the blade has been ground flat on one 

 side and broadly rounded on the other, something like the edge of 

 a carpenter's axe. 



The arrowheads, from these beach workshops, vary in shape, 

 as they were doubtless designed for different purposes. They are 

 usually made of flint and some of them of white quartz. The 

 Squaw's Knife, Fig. i, and the arrowheads, Figs, t,, 4, 5, 6 and 7 

 in Plate II., were collected by Mr. Jacob Smith of the Interior 

 Department at Ottawa. They are now in the collection of Rev. 

 A. W. Mackenzie of Lakefield, Ont., who kindly loaned them to 

 illustrate this paper. Mr. Jacob Smith, of the Interior Depart- 

 ment, picked up a small and very perfect one, at Snake Island 

 Point, which was probably designed for the killing of birds or 

 small animals. It was only about one half the usual size and was 

 made of light grey agate. A single arrowhead, made of bone, was 

 taken from an Indian grave on the Lighthouse Island, and is 

 probably the only specimen of the kind from this district. It 

 should be remembered, however, that weapons madt of this 

 material and exposed for many years to the action of the weather, 

 as well as in many cases to the attrition of the shifting gravel of 

 the lake beach, would soon be destroyed ; so that the absence of 



