THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



5 



with them. More information as to their habits 

 is neeiU'd. The Baric Lice, of which there are 

 maiiv kimls, are very ]iernicious insects in the 

 (ircliiinl. When liatcheti, they soon malce a scaly 

 eoveriTii; last lo tlie bark under which they grow 

 and niiilti|ilv, ami seTid ont fresh colonies to over- 

 run tlie tree. They soon ijive the tree a sickly 

 aj»i»earance, and will soon destroy the value of 

 the tree. An application, with a brush, of a 

 Solution made of one pounil of caustic soda lye, 

 and two gallons of water, will, when applied to 

 tlie scale quickly loosen it, and kill all the lice 

 beneath it. When the .scale lice attacks the 

 smaller branches as well as the trunk of the tree, 

 the whide tree must be frequently sprayed with 

 the solution or a kerosene emulsion which is very 

 eftectual. 



I would say, in closing these articles, be care- 

 ful t^: examine all the trees you purchase, 

 very carefully, for the insects I have in this, and 

 the' tornier issues of the FARM AND Garden, 

 briefly described. Trees free from insects will 

 be of very rapid growth, and be of a dark rich 

 greeu. A tree free from insects, will reach as 

 large a size in five years, as one infested will in 

 ten or twelve years. I can but close these articles 

 with the advice I have so often repeated, look 

 well when ycni |)urchase a tree, for insects, and 

 if present, use hot water for a dij) to dip them in 

 at a tt-mperature of from 140° to 1.50° Farenheit, 

 which will kill most of them, even the eggs will 

 be destroyed ; or a kerosene emulsion, which will 

 kill the eggs efl'ectually. Kill the Scale Loose 

 by soda lye as described. I have used, but do 

 not recommend the u.se of raw kerosene, which I 

 pour a gill or so on water of a large tui>, dip the 

 trees, roots and all, in the tub, the trees will be 

 covered by a tihn oi'oil, and if quickly done, and 

 the trees exposed in the shade, to the air, until 

 the smell of kerosene disappears, in perhaps an 

 hour or two, they may be set and grow well. 

 But if soaked in kerosene or after the trees are 

 pruned, the j)laces where the branches were cut 

 otf will absorb the oil and the trees will be killed 

 as well as the eggs of the insects. I have done 

 some trees this year myself this way, tiiat were 

 full of Root Lice, and they are now growing 

 nicely, free frf»m lice, but unless carefully done, 

 the the tree will l)e killetl, hence, I do n<ft recom- 

 mend the general reader to try it. 



LOCATION FOR AN APPLE ORCHARD. 



Jiy L. H. Bailey, Jr.. Cambridge, 31<uis. 



There is no more frequent cause of failure in 

 apple orchard than uncongenial soil and sur- 

 roundings. The supposition that any heavy and 

 black soil is suitable for ai>ple growing, simply 

 because it is rich, is errone<)us. *'My soil is rich 

 and loamy, and even though it is low and rather 

 cold, I can improve it by underdraining," said a 

 farmer who contemplated planting an orchard. 

 AVhile I would not lessen the faith in liberal 

 underdraining, I would, nevertheless, urge the 

 importance of selecting for apjde culture, soils 

 naturally well drained, in preference to those 

 artificially drained. It is rare, indeed, that an 

 unguent and cidd soil is made entirely suitable for 

 apple growing by tile draining. I have in mind 

 two ()rchards upon soils entirely ^)]>posite in their 

 characters. One is upon a rich, warm gravel, 

 with no liartl subsoil w'ithin four or five feet of 

 the surface, the other ui>on a heavy loam with a 

 clay subsoil. The former orchard has never been 

 drained ; it bears well of choice fruit, is in good 

 health, demands little care, and has been for 

 some time the premium orchard in the state in 

 which it is situateil. Tlie latter has had similar 

 treatment as to pruning and general cultivation, 

 only more diligently and vigorously applied, and 

 the varieties are nearly the same. To this 

 orchard has been given a most thorough system 

 of underdraining. Neither time nor expense 

 have been spared to relieve the soil of all 

 Unnecessary water in the least possible time; 

 still this orchard is a failure, its fruit is not 

 abundant nor of good quality, and the trees are 

 not vigorous. I liave heard its manager remark, 

 *' it is impossible to make good apple land out of 

 ?, low and cold soil." A positively poor soil, if 

 warm and naturally well drained, is certainly 

 preferable" to one of an opposite character. A 

 poor soil* can be improved by manuring. Of 

 course an orchard on a cold soil is preferable to 

 nc orchard at all, but if planted with an idea to 

 lirofit it will likely he a failure. Few farms 

 lack entirely any high gronmls. A few trees 

 planted about on the knolls will return more 

 satisfaction than three times the nuniiier on an 

 uncongenial soil. Good and naturally well- 

 drained wheat land is usually good apple laud. 

 A rich ground is especially desirable. It must 

 not be supposed that ai)ides are to be expected to 

 dwell jn an infertile soil. An abundance of 

 vegetable matter in a warm soil is always neces- 

 sary to apple culture. Lack of hardiness, late 



bearing, shy bearing, and poorly flavored fruit, 

 are commonly the results of planting on a low 

 and wet soil. 



Asid,e from perfect drainage and warm soil, 

 high lands present other advantages to the apple 

 grower. Cold air is heavier than warm air, and 

 it settles into valleys and low places. A difier- 

 ence of several degrees is often apparent between 

 the bottom of an ordinary ravine, and the land 

 adjacent. We have all had experience to testify 

 to this atmospheric draiuage while travelling 

 at night over hills. Trees on eminences escape 

 late frosts and, if given some ]>rotection from 

 hard winds, endure the winter better than simi- 

 lar varieties at low levels. The importance of 

 atmospheric drainage to the orchardist struck 

 me forcibly when once visiting in the mountains 

 of Vermont. A late frost had destroyed all the 

 ajiples in the valleys — had been so severe, in 

 fact, as to kill all the leaves on the butternuts 

 and walnuts. On the higher hillsides and sum- 

 mits, however, and especially where the confor- 

 mation of the hills allowed the air to roll freely 

 down their sides, the apples were abundant anil 

 uninjured. 



We have before us a valuable letter from L. M. 

 Ayars, M. D., of Champaign County, (5hio, in 

 regard to early apples, in which he highly re- 

 coinniends the Early May, of Georgia, and the 

 French Muscat. The Early May ripens with 

 him from June loth to July 10th. Size medium, 

 and in form and color resemldes the Early Har- 

 vest, with a blush on the sunny side. The 

 Muscat he describes as a very large conical apple, 

 a medium sized one, measuring ten and one-half 

 inches in circumference, of a clear, beautiful 

 yellow color, and an abundant and early bearer, 

 season early in August, the fruit always fair and 

 perfect. We would be indebted to our readers if 

 they write often of new and valuable fruits. 

 4- 



J. N. Fender, of Selma, Iowa, asks if the 

 Gregg Raspberry anil Cumberland Strawberry 

 are profitable for field culture in Iowa. We 

 should say yes. The American Pomological 

 Society gives the Gregg Raspberry double stars, 

 and tiie Cumberland one star for Iowa. The 

 Wilson and Charles Downing each double stars. 

 + 



C. Broderson, ot Potter County, Pa., asks for 

 a list of hardy fall and winter apples for a cold 

 climate, of early bearing and prolific varieties, 

 also about Kiefl'er pears, and fall )danting. It is 

 no easy matter to give a list of ajiples for a par- 

 ticular section of the country, as soils and con- 

 ditions vary so much. Most of the New York 

 varieties would be hardy. The location of an 

 orchard has much to do with its hardiness. If 

 an orchard is planted where it is rei>eatedly" 

 frozen and exjiosed during the winter, very 

 hardy fruit are winter killed. Where late frosts 

 are probable, plant on high ground, with a 



northern exposure. The Baldwin might be valu- 

 able for winter for you, while for your neighrjor 

 would not be so valuable. In undertaking a 

 work so important as planting an orchard, we 

 should spend a week in visiting all the orchards 

 on soils similar to ours in our section, and make 

 our list from it ; that is the be.st and safest rule. 

 The Whitney No. 20, and the Wealthy are very 

 hardy apples. We cannot, as yet, say how much 

 cold the Kielfer pear will stand uninjured. In 

 severe climates .spring jdanting is safest. In 

 regard to Shetland ponies we could not advise 

 you. 



BETTER THAN A POEM. 

 J. U. McC. 

 Not every boy can write a poem as Mr. Long- 

 fellow did in his school-boy days. But nearly 

 every country lad can perform a work which will 

 be more lasting than mast poems written in our 

 time. He can plant a standard fruit tree. A 

 good appte tree, well set in a suitable spot, will 

 grow and thrive and bear fruit long after its 

 planter has gone to his rest. Thousands of 

 golden or rosy fruit will drop from its branches, 

 and many will rejoice in the luxury thus oflered! 

 It will be pleasant tor a sister or mother to re- 

 member "my William planted this tree on his 

 tenth birthday," or to commemorate some other 

 pleasant event or a^iniversary in the household. 

 A living, growing, ii^eful ornament like this, far 

 exceeds in interest, any cold impassive marble. 

 I was conversing recently with an idd man as 

 we stood under the shade" of an enormous mul- 

 berry, laden with fruit, aud as we were talking 

 of tree planting, I remarked " I guess you did not 

 plant this tree." " Yes, I did," he replied, with 

 a kindling face. " Fifty-three vears ago, 1 came 

 in with a handful of large black mulberries and 

 said I was going to try and raise a tree from the 

 seed. They laughed at my plan, but that did not 

 disconcert me. I found a nii'e rich spot in the 

 pie plant bed, and |ilantcd all the berries. But 

 one seed of the wlicde siirouted, and I assure you 

 I watched and tended tliat with care. As soon as 

 it was large enough to move I transplanted it to 

 this spot, and you see to what it has grown. 

 There are ripe berries on it now in July, and 

 there will be ripe ones still when frost conies." 



The old gentleman surveyed this tree of his 

 youth with jieculiar pride and pleasure, and no 

 doubt there was a long line of associations with 

 it, most pleasing to remember. 



One who plants a good fruit tree, may well be 

 considered a benefactor of his race. Bryant's 

 beautiful poem about planting the apple tree, is 

 worthy of a place in the children's memory. 

 "Wliat pliint we iti this ajtple tree? 

 Fruits ttjut slijill swHll 111 sLiniiv June 



And reiiili-ii in Hit- Ant^iist i ti," 



And drun \\ hell f,'eiilif airs come by 

 That fan the blue September sky ; 



Wliile children eonje. with cries of glee. 

 And seek them wliere the fragrant grass 



Betrays their bed to those who pass. 

 At the foot of the old apple tree.' 



Maplhniin RASPBERUY, and New Krnpea.bv the oricr- 

 indnuuru i„„t„rs. A.J. 0-o;""«"(i-.SVm, ,Vai(6oi<»..V. f. 



mPDCAT NF.W QI'INCE. "MECCN'S PRO- 

 UnLMl Line." Send for rirciilnr. Lirgtll 

 stock of .^liilbcrrv in I he counlr> . t'aluluu'iu's Free. 

 HANCE & BOROEN. Rumion Nurseries. RED BANK. N. J. 



WHEAT 



STRAWBERRIES. 



MAY KINfJIor the BEST EARLY. CONNFX'TICUT 

 ♦tllEEN lor LATE. Pencil Trees by the 100 & 1000. 



Catalogue sent__Free. SAMUEL C. D eCOU. Moorestown. N. J . 



PEACH TREES 



arit-i 



u, ttU .•-(.■ctLoiis. APl'LK tn-t-.s, e\i 



n.l Lecoute Peari. A Tull lino of 



kitnis of .Vursery Slock cheap. Trees. Grape-Vines, Small Fruit a 



otluT ptaut.s bv mail. Catalogues showinit how and what to i-laut, fri 



liA.NDOLPH PETERS, Wiln,inctf.n lh']a^^-^T.^. 



TUCKAHOE NURSERY AND FRUIT FARM, 



Caroline Co.. Md., m-ar llilNlioroiiLili. Larye slock Peach 

 Treei. Applet, Cherry, and other Nursery Stock, both Fruit and 

 Ornamental, e ircular fre e. C.t . JARRELL. H llltboromih. M d. 



PEACH TREES.Ta'll'';rade^ 



our nsuiil lieav>' stot-k of Pt'arh Trees. (Purchasers of 

 lurgf loW sliimiii i-orn'spomi willi ua.t Also, all kinds 

 of Fruit. Slin<le. niid Oi'iinineiiinl Trees, anil 

 .Small Fruit Plant?*. ft5"\V.- ran supply a limited 

 quantity natural ^ioiitlierii I't-ncU Seen, Kuthered ex- 

 pressly for us hvour special aeenl. Quality guaranteed. 

 I>AVID bAIKI> & SON. Maimlnpan, N. J. 



Fairview Nurseries. 



Established lS3d. 



200 Acres in Fruit Trees and Small Fruit Plants. 



1*.25.000 Peacli Trees, choice Kiefl'er and l^e Coiite 



IVar Trees. All kinds of nursery stock. Small fruits, 

 and Osage Orange specialties. Send for price-list. 

 _Address. J. PKUKrNS, Moorewtown. N. J. 



$50 REWARD 



will be paid (or any Grain 

 Fan or Banif .-^Izi.' lli;il i an 

 tican andhag'asniurhtirjiin or 

 Sifd in I'tiedav asfiur Patent 

 MONARCH Cwrain and 

 Seed Separator and Bae- 



frer.whicn we offer to tlie pub- 

 ic at a low price. Seu<l for 

 circular and priee list, 

 \\liicl-i will lie mailed free. 

 NEWARK MACHINE CO., 

 Newark, Otiio, U. S. A, 



Tiescrlpiive Catalogue of 20 NtW. 



CHOICt, and STANDARD varieties. FREE. 



<;. W. Osier. 0»terburs. Pa. 



TRUE BLACK-BEARDED„^;;^4^ 



il! Ot LU WntH I ■ 14 1 market St., Plilla ., Pa. 



TTTT. ■RVJ5T '"'"• ciienpe^st peach trees 



AJ^LXi JDXiOX are giuwii by MniiNfielll Kickt 

 Lebunon. >. J. I will sL-n.l this fall, on rectipl ot #5, 100 Irocs, 

 VoO, 1000 trues. 5 led. No charge for boxes. Writ* (or varieties. 



CIDER 



Presses, Graters, Elevators, && 



BOOMER & BOSCHERT PKESi 

 CO., Syi-nciise, N, \. 



POTTED STRAWBERRY PLANTS 



FOR SAI.K, Jumbo, $1.00 a dozen; Prince ot 

 Berries. 11.00 a doztn ; Aiaiitic. $1.00 a do/.. Dan- 



Buoiie. hi\ er plants. $1.50 

 JAS. I.IPPIX OT'I 



, J v.. Mount Holly. New Jersey. 



NEW STRAWBERRIES. 



Fret' t-tttalugue i,'i\fs lull .if.vciiplioii of all woiili.v uf 

 ciillivalidii. Pot or Inyei* plants now rcjtdv lor siitii' 

 met- or Full iilaiiliii!;. Fruit next June. 



pricei. HALli BROS.. So. 



Extra stock at lair 



t«lai^tonbiir>. <'oiib. 



Mil I inn ^^l"'^*^^ KERRY, Bl..\( K- 

 llllLLiyil ISKItRY. If.VSPItRIiUV. ttnd 



A tR.\NIJi:KI!V PLANTS lor Full I'lnnr- 

 _ iiie. Varieties PURE. Paekeil In the best manner. 



^^ Write lor circular, and ».ce Low Pricff*. 



^« I. A- J. L. LEO.XAKU, IO\A. XKW JERSEY. 



^^ P. S.~Meilas, Lehanoii Cotitnv, Dakota, April 

 .■ailh, I.W4. "Tito 10011 strawberry plants received by 

 t-.\ press, anti in Miilciidid roiulitio ii.'* 



Ol nAWDbKKT POTTED TO ORDER. 

 All the IJEST nii.l NRWKST VARIETIES 



grown In pots for Summer anil Fall plantlno. PLANTS GROWN 

 TO ORDER AT LOWEST RATES. Send a list of varieties 

 waiitid, ami tiet prices, stating nnmber of each kind 



rdTess IRVING ALLEN, Springfield, Mass. 



