8 



THE FARM AND GARDEN 



IlIVE S^FOGI^. 



FALL CALVES. 



Fall calves should never be kept for the dairy 

 or tor beef unless the barn contains more mom 

 than is necessary. The season is against them, 

 and tliey will not pay for the care necessary to 

 keep them in proper condition and growth. 

 There may l)e exceptional cases in which it may 

 be profitable to retain the late calves, but the 

 earlv Spring is the more appropriate time, though 

 it must be admitted that, as a rule, too many 

 calves are sacrificed when y(mng. 



TRAINING A SHEPHERD DOG. 



The first tiling to do is to teach him to under- 

 stand tlie call, and to obey. The task is then an 

 easy one. Unless this is done while he is young 

 he will ciiase the sheep, which induces him to kill 

 them, the same as any other dog will do. lie will 

 be a model of innocence when the shepherd is 

 near, but will not let an opportunity pass of kil- 

 ling shee|) if his early education has been neglec- 

 ted. Teach liim obklienee at an early age, and 

 he will be invaluable. 



SETTING THE UILE. 



It should be borne in mind that a.s the summer 

 passes away, a change must be made in the 

 manner of setting milk. Tlie wanner the weather 

 the shallower tlie depth, though many farmers 

 preserve the strictest uniformity in depth, using 

 the inch or two inch system, as the case may be, 

 the entire year. A proper use of the milk pans, 

 may not only enable the farmer to derive a 

 greater profit, but also prevent loss by the failure 

 of the cream to rise. 



DRTING THE STOCK YARD PROFITABLY. 



Now is the time to gallicr up all the weeds 

 that were not eradicated at the proper time, and 

 the best use for them is in the stock yard or pig 

 pen. Tliey will be tramjiled under foot and act 

 as absorbents to a certain extent. As they will 

 also raise the surface of the yard higher, they 

 afford a high surface when the late rains saturate 

 tlia ground. I5y using weeds for this purpose 

 they return a profit to the farmer for his labor, 

 but before hauling out such material it should be 

 added to the manure heap, in order to feruient, 

 M'hich destrovs the seeds. 



SCOURS PROM FEEDING MILK 



Cases often occur in which skim milk causes 

 scours when fed to pigs, which is not so noticeable 

 when buttermilk only is allowed. To avoid such 

 difficulty the milk should be added to the con- 

 tents of the swill barrel, and thickened with bran. 

 It should then ferment before being fed. The 

 next thing to do is to jiut .some fresh charcoal in 

 the trough every day, and the pig will be liable 

 to no danger from scours. ( )tie of the most essen- 

 tial requisites of a })ig, when it is fed on acidulous 

 food, is a corrective, and as charcoal is the best 

 substance for such purpose, it should always be 

 made a part of the diet. 



CROSSING NATIVE SHEEP. 



Before the farmer determines on his cross he must 

 fix upon his purpose. If his object be a heavy 

 fleece, he caninit expect i:ood results from the 

 mutton breeds. AVhile a Southdown will un- 

 doubtedly make an improvement on the common 

 flocks in the quality of wool, yet, such wool will 

 never be equal to the wool produced by a cross 

 with the Merino, and tlntse who breed to tin- 

 Merinos must be satisfied witli a good clijiping of 

 wool and a fair quality of mutton. Those who 

 contemplate raising early lambs, shouhi take 

 these facts into consideration also. The Shrop- 

 shires and Oxibrds are best for such purpose, and 

 to get the best result farmers must breed for it. 



THE YODNQ COLTS. 



.*s farmers prefer their mares to foal in the 

 fall, the busy season being then J^ast, they must 

 be careful about feeding the mare and foal. A 

 colt will stand by the side of his dam, when in 

 the stall, and eat grain witli her liefore he is two 

 months old, but his system will not be fitted for 

 so doing, U()r can he properly masticate the food. 

 It will be necessary, therefore, to feed all grain 

 in the ground state, especially oats, to which 

 young colts are very partial. By so doing many 

 disorders will be avoideil, and liy the time the 

 spring pastures are ready, the colt will be old 

 etiough to graze, and the mare in better condi- 

 tion for work. 



^TT.TC FEVER. 



But few cases occur on the farm, and it is 

 usually of a mild form. Only those cows that 

 have been forced to an unusual production die of 

 milk fever. It is similar to apoplexy in human 

 beings to a certain degree. Rich diet, with stimu- 

 lants, and the svstem taxed to its utmost, will, in 

 the majoritv of" cases, end the existence of any 

 animal, and the surprise is more when it is 

 considered that the cases of milk fever are few, 

 rather than numerous. 



FEEDING DUSTY HAY. 



This is done continually It is well known 

 that the leaves of well cured hay crumble into 

 dust, and more rapidly so as the season advances. 

 No kind of hav is tol;ally exempt from dust, and 

 this trouble is best avoided by moistening all the 

 feed which is allowed. Heaves in horses, fre- 

 quent coughing, and difficulty of breathing, may 

 be traced lo dust in nearly all cases, and if the 

 cutter is used as it should be, with the food well 

 moistened and salted, the stock will keep in 

 better condition. 



HAY FOR DAIRY CATTLE 



Although good clover and timothy hay is best, 

 we advise farmers not to waste any of the long 

 provender. By the proper use of ^rain and cot- 

 ton seed meal, the most inferior kinds of hay or 

 fodder may be made to do good service. Some 

 dairymen mix the linseed and cotton seed meal, 

 using equal parts of each, but our experience 

 this season has been that one- fourth linseed meal 

 to three-fourths cotton seed meal makes the best 

 ration, provided the cow is allowed, also, ground 

 oats and corn meal. 



D.viRY Calves. — Instead of purchasing cows 

 for the dairy a pasture should lie provided for 

 raising calves. No dairyman can buy a cow 

 that he knows to be suitable until it is tested, but 

 if he breeds his best cows to choice bulls he will 

 be able to secure a larger number of first-class 

 animals than in any other manner. It should be 

 a rule to send nothing to market except bull 

 calves, until after every heifer has produced at 

 least one calf, and herself been tested. 



THE SMALL BREEDS OF HOGS. 



Although the majority of the farmers are par- 

 tial to the large breeds, there are some advantages 

 in favor of the small Yorkshires and Suffolks, not 

 possessed by the Poland Chinas or Chesters. 

 Every one who raises stock must acknowledge 

 that an animal which has ceased to grow, fattens 

 more readily than one 'vhich is not matured. 

 The tendency at the present day is to breed for 

 small carcasses (except in the neighborhood of 

 the large pork packing cities), as such meat is 

 more in favor, and realizes liigher price than 

 larger carcasses, but unless the small hogs can be 

 raised at a cost equivalent to the production of 

 pork, the larger sizes will be preferred. Now if 

 we consider that the small Yorkshire and Suffolk 

 mature early, it at once becomes apparent that 

 they are more easily fattened. While the large 

 breeds require time to mature the food consumed 

 must contribute to bone and tissue, though a 

 proportion will also be devoted to fat, and in the 

 meantime a hog of a smaller breed begins much 

 earlier to convert nearly all its food into flesh. 

 If we have a litter of pigs to farrow from a small 

 breed, at the same time with a litter from a large 

 breed, in proportion to cost of food, from .\pril to 

 December, the gain will be nearly the same, 

 although the pigs of the larger breed may weigh 

 more than the other, but the dift'erence will not 

 be very great. If the pigs are kept over to the 

 second" year, the larger breed will be much more 

 profitable, but for the first year the profit will be 

 the greatest from the smaller breed, and this 

 may be verified by any farmer w ho will take the 

 pains to keep an acc^mnt of the expenses. The 

 small breeds grow fast, fatten early, and are fit 

 for the butcher long before the large breeds. 

 The comparison is not made as to which will 

 grow the faster, or which will make the larger 

 hog, but which will yield the largest ]irofit, the 

 profit being that sum derived after JediiclirKj Ihe 

 cost, whether the pigs weigh one hundred pounds 

 or three hundred. If the boars of the small 

 breeds are used oil large coarse sows the pigs will 

 be hardier, for the pure breeds are bred too fine 

 for general farm purposes, but the crosses are 

 excellent, aud always give satisfaction. 



Use the Right Brekds. — We notice that on 

 many dairy farms, where milk is sent to the 

 large cities, that while the dairymen show a dis- 

 position to improve their stock, in a majoritv of 

 cases the bulls used are Jersevs. Now this is a 

 mistake, and only tends to disgust the average 

 dairymen, who sells milk only, with the pure 

 breeds. The Jersey is not a deep milker, her 

 jiarticular quality is producing butter, and in 

 that respect she will always give .s.itisfaction. If 

 our dairyman really wish the best results in the 

 production of a cow that yield large quantities 

 of milk, they must use only the Holsteius or 

 .\vrsliires. 



The old idea that the trotter is a cross between 

 the thoroughbred and common stock is a mis- 

 taken one. .\ll the recent winners and record 

 makers have had a preponderance of trotting 

 blood in their veins, and horsemen now look for 

 both dam and sire having most trotting ances- 

 tors. It may have been true in the past cen- 

 tury, when Ihe trotter was first known, that 

 thoroughbred blood was mi.xed in them, but 

 they are now as distinct a race, with their pecu- 

 liar gait, as the thoroughbred or Arabian. We 

 venture to say that in forty years from now the 

 trotter will beat the time of the running horse. 



White Clover. — This is an excellent pasture 

 grass f(U- cows and sheep, and a piece of ground 

 should be seeded to it for a special reserve. 



REGISTERED SWINE 



True ptrdlsree glv*-n v 



Tfii^rouch iTi-4 I'hi-Kter Whites. Po- 

 laiid*Chln«», ii Impurteil BerLnnlres 

 .old. Strong. Iit-althy 



. _ urfiT cuaranteed. 8fn<i sump for new C»t*> 

 loffa& O. U. WarHnrton, Box 62*. Wc«t Che«ter, Pa. 



2806Lbs.Wg' 



of two OHIO IMPROVED 

 iCH ESTER HOGS! 



' Send for descriptiou of this \ 

 famous breed. Al^oFowls. 

 B.SILVER,Cleveland,0. 



JERSEY REIi, rOLAND-CHINA, 

 Ihr-icr Hhilr. Itfrkublre A York- 

 shire I'lp*. S..ulhdowB, (oUwold 

 nnd Oxforfl Down Shrrpanrl Luaba 

 Srotrb Collry Sb<>phrr(l Uocs »bi1 

 Fanej Poullr;. BrndrurlftUlopa* 

 WaTLEE Bl KPEE 4 CO Jhll».P» 



.Clieiler White. Berk- TJTp Q 

 ihire and Poland China i AITO, 

 Flue Setter liotc*^ -'^cotch CoUIch, 

 FoxIIoundft, und UenicleA, bred 



and for sale by A. PEOPLES a CO., 

 •West Chester, Chester <.'(... Pa. 

 Send Stamp for Circular and Price List. 



Have you Butter, 

 Esi,"*. Chickens to 



COUNTRY PRODUCE. 



siell? Write to us for prices at this Market. Consien- 

 nients solicited and prompt returns innile. Refer, 

 hy pHiniissidn, to the publishers of this paper. 

 SEEDS S: FERGUSON, ComuiiHHion ]>[prc1innt8. 



Twelfth Street Market, Philadelphia. 



JERSEYI ^!J^^^,^^^. I JERSEY 



J/-nl fi'>r>j(' I & Plymouth Rock Fowlt & eqg>. I" Hill Rlrir" 



REDS. h^.iN{F:.{4^V.VVV-f:£; ICATTLE 



Mortimer W liitelienil, Middtebuth, New Jertey, 



JERSEY RED PICS. 



8 to 14 weeks old. Pure stork. $12 per pair. Bo.xert 

 with feed. Snfe arrival cuaranrerd. 



JOHN S. COLLINS Moorrotown. V J. 



Chester "Wlilte, York- 

 ghire. Berkshire, and. 

 Poland-China in their 

 porit; Lincoln, Hamp- 

 shire Dofrn, South 

 Coira Sheep and Scotch Collie Shepherds 

 a Specialty, Send for Circular and Prices. 



T. Walter & Sons, West Chester, Pa. 



(tT^Come luid see our stock and select for yourselves. 



DO YOU WANT A DOG? 



If so, send for D0(; BVYERS' 

 GUIUE. containing colored plates, 

 loo engravings of different breeds, 

 prices they are worth, and where to 

 luv them. Also, cuts of Dog Fur- 

 nishing G-'ods of all kinds. Direc- 

 tions for Training Dogs and B.eed- 

 ing Ferrets. Mailed for lo cts. 



PHILADILPHIi SElTiTELS, 

 237 3. 8th St. Ptiilii'i. 



5l-g%^g»?-'g»g»g-'y-'y-.g»g ^y-g»t»fBB 



SOMETHING UNEXPECTED 



THOROUGHBRED SHEEP 



or TEN OirrERENTBREEOS, TO BE OIVIOED « PREIIIIUHS 



AMONG THOSE GETTING liP THE LftRGEST CLUBS FOR 



TUt: NATIONAI, 



WOOL-GROWERS' QUARTERLY.. 



The official organ of ihc National WooL-GnowKas' Afiso.iATioN. 

 Th.so sheep are donaU--l l-r liadine breeders of the fiiil'-d ^-'a'^- "^ 

 aid in «ecurinii an immr^i!»te and immense circulation for Tne 

 QuHrt<?rlT in everv Slate and TerritofT. A handsome 64-pnffe 

 niiizanne, only ftO ocnt^ a \ear in clnhs of k-n ; siuirle suI^m riiaion« 

 60'-n(s. For purri.-nl.ir- .a-h commission., ■■(^,. ad.iro-- iit once 



HWIOHAL WOOL-GROWERS' qUARTERLY. PITTSBURG. Pa. 



