8 



THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



llIYB STOGI^. 



CBEAMEBY BUTTBB. 



At present creamery butter brings the highest 

 prices, and the reason is tliat it is more uniform 

 in quality. The appliances of the creameries 

 give advantages not possessed by the farmers, 

 but the secret of success is in the fact that expe- 

 rienced operators manage butter making at the 

 creameries, and the churning is done at the right 

 time and under the most favorable conditions. 

 That better butter can be made at the creameries 

 than by private parties is not true. There are 

 some dairymen who make what is styled ''gilt- 

 edged " butter, wliich sells at a very higii figure, 

 because the supply is entirely inadequate to the 

 demand. Nor does sucli butter come from Jer- 

 sey cows only, as many suppose, but from all 

 classes ot cattle. The preparation of tlie milk, 

 the proper temperature, the method of cliurning, 

 and the management of the stock, all contribute 

 to the excellence of tiie jiroduct, but those who 

 manufacture the butter, like others who follow a 

 trade, understand tliomuglily every detail, and if 

 every farmer was as familiar with butter making 

 as are tlie "gilt-edge" producers, the creameries 

 could no longer enjoy the monopoly of the mar- 

 ket. But there are so many farmers who send 

 any kind of an article to market which sells for 

 butter, that tliey must not only be pushed aside 

 by the creamerv (jroduct, but must enter into 

 competition with oleomargarine and lard. 



The creameries really have great ditficulty get- 

 ting good milk, and are often imposed upon by 

 unprincipled parties, but the management is so 

 complete and systematical that they are enabled 

 always to turn out a salable article. In cheese, 

 however, the creameries do not excel. Since 

 they have become numerous the country has 

 been well supplied with the skim milk and lard 

 product, wliich will at some future time injure 

 the trade, if it has not already done so. Tliere is 

 still a wide field for the manuiaeture of whole- 

 milk cheese, and the farmers who understand 

 that art may improve the advantage. 



Wliat our dairymen need at jiresent is good tu- 

 ition in the art of butter and cheese making, 

 and when a more perfect knowledge is obtained 

 of such art there will be no danger of injury 

 from either creameries, oleomargarine, or lard 

 cheese. 



STOCK NOTES. 



Hakd-Milk(XG Cows. — It is often noticeable 

 that some cows in a herd milk hard while otiiers 

 can be milked easily. By washing the teats and 

 udder with warm water liefore milking the work 

 can be done with less difficulty. 



Feeding Hay. — If horses are given grain three 

 times a day, there will be no necessity for feeding 

 hay except at night, as the horse, like man, is 

 inactive when the stomach is distended. For a 

 horse tliat is to be worked hard i:ive jdenty of 

 grain, wliich is indispensible, making the allow- 

 ance of hay at night full and large. 



Dry Earth in the Stables. — There is noth- 

 ing superior to clean dry earth for the floors of 

 stables, especially if removed every evening. It 

 is an excellent disinfectant, destroys all odors, 

 and is the best absorbent known. At the jiresent 

 time, before winter sets in, a plentiful supply 

 should be placed under cover for future use. 



Setting Milk.— In setting milk for cream it I COUNTRY PRODUCEi 



should be borne in mind that the jnins should not ' 

 be covered, but remain tipen, in order that the 

 air may have free access. .\ny particles of milk 

 remaining in the pans frnm jirevious setting, 

 afiect the new milk, and it is best to not only 

 scald the pans well, but to allow them to air out 

 of doors also. 



Feed for Horses with Heaves. — The cured 

 blades of corn fodder or the tops, when passed 

 through a cutter, make the best food. Hay 

 should be well shaken before used, or what is 

 better, it should be thoroughly moistened. A 

 horse with the heaves is not easily cured, but 

 the difficulty may be lessened by avoiding the 

 use of dusty provender in any form. 



The Texas Fe%'ER.— This disease always orig- 

 inates in a warm climate, and is contagious only 

 when the native cattle come in proximity to the 

 long-horned stock from Texas. It is more fatal 

 with our native stock than with Texas cattle, and 

 is best prevented by disinfection. With the ex- 

 ception of the use of Cathartics, but little can be 

 done otherwise in the shape of medicines. 



Merinos for Crossing.— .llthough the mer- 

 ino is better adapted for wool than mutton, yet, 

 the breed being small, they make good crosses on 

 the common stock, the small breed being active 

 and good foragers. The Merino is hardy, can 

 subsist on scanty pastures, and usually make 

 successful mothers. The wool is also very uni- 

 form, and commands a ready sale at all times. 



Care of the Calves. — The easiest and best 

 mode of keeping the calves in winter is to de- 

 prive every alternate cow of her calf and compel 

 the other cow to suckle the two. By fastening 

 the cow in the stanchions she will not be so 

 ready to kick the strange calf. If she does, tie 

 her hind feet for a few days when the calves are 

 turned in, and after a time she will become ac- 

 customed to them. 



Getting the Hogs Fat.— Corn is the best 

 food for finishing the hogs, but it gives the best 

 results when fed in connection with ground oats. 

 Nearly all farmers Keep the hogs intended for 

 slaughter exclusively on corn for five or six 

 weeks before killing, but if they will feeil. one 

 meal a day on some other kind of food for a 

 change, the hogs will increase faster than when 

 allowed nothing else but corn. 



Salt the Stock. — Salt is necessary for animals 

 for several reasons. Horses fed on young clover 

 find it a corrective, and it a.ssists in reducing and 

 digesting coarser food. It also renders the food 

 more palaleable, and thereliy induces the stock 

 to eat heartily. The difficulty in allowing salt is 

 that too muoli or too little, without regularity, is 

 given. To avoid mistakes a small quantity slu)uld 

 be sprinkled in the cut feed or ground'graiu at 

 every meal. 



Pecitliarities of Form.— Though every one 

 may not be familiar with all the minor details 

 that enable an expert to judge stock, yet, there is 

 a peculiarity with which the majority of farmers 

 are familiar, whieli greatly assists them in form- 

 ing an estimate of tlie merits and value of some 

 breeds. The old maxim that " a box (.ne-third 

 as wide as it is long sliould exactly fit a short-horn 

 cow or a Berkshire hog," may not be true, but it 

 gives a good idea of the shape ; and that " a hog 

 with a dished face is good in all other character- 

 istics," is full of force. Peculiarities of form are 

 striking in effect, and are always remembered. 



Milk Fever. — This disease seems almost an 

 epidemic among the " fancy " cows at present 

 and it is not creditable to the breeders, as it indi- 

 cates that such animals are forced beyond their 

 capacity. It is of no value to an owner to secure 

 a large record for his cow with the chances of 

 losing her from the effort. The system certainly 

 does not improve the breed, and" does much to 

 prejudice the average farmer against the pure 

 breeds, as milk fever is rare among the common 

 herds. 



FAhXY Prices. — It is no advantage to a breed 

 that sales are made at exorbitant prices. True 

 merit alone should be the guide, and any depart- 

 ure from such rule is sure to end in disappoint- 

 ment, as well as injuring the sales of stock in the 

 future. Reactions in prices for stock, like that 

 of other transactions, are sure to occur, until 

 finally a level will be found where values will 

 rest, and the sooner this takes place the better 

 for our dairy interests. Our breeds are for useful 

 purposes and not for amusement. 



The Late Colts.— As but little service will 

 be required of the brood mares, they should 

 never be separated from the colts. The common 

 practice of feeding such mares on limited rations 

 because they perform no work is wrong. During 

 the winter season the late colts are very easily 

 retarded in growth, and in order to keep them in 

 a thrifty condition the dams inust l)e fed liber- 

 ally. Give the mares all the hay they will eat, 

 with a good feed morning and night, of two 

 parts ground oats and one part corn meal, with a 

 little linseed meal. 



Mutton and Wool. — We attach too much 

 importance to wool, not that wool is unjirofitable, 

 but because the production of mutton is made a 

 secondary matter. It cannot be denied that in 

 some locations it is easier to raise sheej) for wool 

 rather tlian for mutton, owing to the facil ity with 

 which it can be transported to market, not being 

 )ierish.able. But it is doubtful if wool is more 

 ]>rofitable than mutton in those sections of the 

 country that are but a few days travel by rail to 

 market. To raise sheep tliat weigh about seven- 

 ty-five pounds, is not jjrofitalde, unless early 

 lambs are secured. How easily a flock of sheep 

 may be made to pay a profit may be illustrated 

 by stating that among the Oxfonl Downs, are 

 found individual rams that weigh 250 pounds at 

 one year old. While such weight is, of course, 

 exceptional, yet it indicates the great size of a 

 pure breed as compared with the best menihers of 

 a common flock. Not only the Oxfords, but the 

 Shropshires, Cotswolds, Lincolns, Hamshires, 

 and Leicesters, all attain heavy weights, and 

 greatly improve a common flock in weight and 

 quality of flesh. The clip of wool is also heavier, 

 and as a single male will improve all the sheep 

 of a wiiole neighborhood, there is no reason why 

 mutton should not be more profitable than wool. 



JlllSFV RED, I'0I,A\D.<H1N*, 

 lh<.>tpr Uhll*. Rerk.hlrp ik York. 

 .Iiirp IMs^. S»uChili>Hn, 4 iit.wotd 

 [ind Oxford Down Shpppnnd l.nmbi 

 Srotrh Collry Shephrrd Uoe- und 

 Fanrj PooJlrj. S«DdforCaulogu» 

 IV. (TIFB BrRTKB t CO.FhlU.P> 



Write to us tor prici 



Have you Butter, 



Eggs. Cliickens to 



ul lliis Market. ConsJeii- 



Headquarters for all articles used toy 

 horsemen, works on the Horse, horse pic- 

 tures, road, track, and racing pictures; 

 celebrated horses. 200subjects; Veterinary 

 medicines and horse poods of every de- 

 scription. Price list of SCO articles needed 

 by horsemen mailed free. __ 



J.H.TUTTLE,18NaMaa»t.,jr.X 



Feed for Sheep. — It does not require much 

 grain for sheep, A mixture of cut straw, hay, 

 and corn tops, with oats at night, will keep the 

 sheep in good condition through the winter. 

 Picking around a straw stack will not do for 

 sheep. The ewes need grain, and unless pro- 

 vided with it will be unable to jirodiice strong 

 and healthy lambs, 



aThe, Family- Hor.se, — .Attention should al- 

 ways be given the colt, while breaking it, that 

 its disposition may not be injured. A horse may 

 be balky, lazy, fast, or full of spirits, but such 

 obstacles are insignificant compared with vicious- 

 ness, .\ horse tiiat cannot safely be used by any 

 member of the family should not be tolerated on 

 a farm, as his usefulness will be restricted. Yet, 

 many such faults as biting, kicking, ana stub- 

 borness, are the fruits of iniprojier training and 

 neglect in the early days of the animal. .\ vicious 

 horse is also of less value when offered for sale, 

 as his faults cannot be hidden. 



nients solicited ami iiroiiipl returns made. Rel'er, 

 by permission, to the puhlisliers of this paper. 

 8EEO.S Jt FER(iI'.>>ON, ColumiNsian Alerchants, 



Tweltth Street Market, Philadelphia, 



Chester White, Berk- p T r< C 

 •hire and Poland China i ■•■VJU, 

 Fine Setter I>off>*. SeotchCoIIIew. 

 Foxllonndtt, and lteaBlc*,'bred 

 and forsalehy W. GIBBONS&CO.. 

 West Chester, Chester Co., Pa, 

 Send Stamp for Circular and Price List. 



JERSEY RED PICS. 



S to |-J \\'»lcs old. PiirMsiiirk >>|'^ p4'i- pair. Buxed 

 \vuh IVeti. Sale arri\nl unaraiiltMMl. 



J01l> N. 101-LI>>. Moort-Htuwii. >'. J. 



2806Lbs.Wg't 



of two OHIO IMPROVED 

 iCHESTER HOCS C 



■ t^i-n-i fur d'->cripti«.ii <»f tlii-> | ^ 

 1. B.SILVER,Cleveland,0. 



DO YOU WANT A DOG? 



Tf 5o. send for DOG BUYERS' I 

 GUIDE, containing colored plates. B 

 loo engravings of different breeds. H 

 prices they are worth, and where to tt 

 buy them. Also, cuts of Dog Fur- r 

 nishing G'lods ofall kinds. Direc-I 

 tions for Training Dogs and Btecdr N 

 ing Ferrets. Mailed for lo cts. 



FEILACILFHU EEITKELS, 

 237 3, 8th St. Philii'i. 



REGISTEREDSWINE 



I' r i.hir 1 <h,-u-r \\ hitem Po. 



r land-ChinuH. s: I mi. rf I liirkHhlrea 



. en with CMTV auimal sold. Strong, healthy 



(iiockonly. Purity ipuarantee^ Seod^tamp for new Cato* 



loBil^' O. H. \\ Brrlnirton, Bot e'-'i.West Chester, Pa* 



True ptrdljcrct* ltim 

 ■ ■ nly. Puplty g 



ICDCrVI FRriTVAI.E FATMI. 



^CnOCI I ItrnnnA Uhlt-l.t-trhoDi.. 



Ht-i Bnok I & Plymouth Rock rowts&roqs. 



ntUOi I FAKMEHS* PUUKS. 



JERSEY 

 CATTLE 



-Horliiiier M liitelienil, MIddlebush, New Jersey, 



FOR SICK HOGS AND POULTRY 



.-^elui ',i5 Cts. to A. i>l, IjANG. Ci'Veiiaif, Kentucky, 

 Ket a book of lOH pages, eivine reineilies nnd ho^v 

 to prevent diseiises, to have hens lay eags in winter, Ac. 



Chester "White. York- 

 shire, Berkshire, and 

 Poland-China in their 

 purity. Lincoln, Hamp- 



shire Do'wn, Sonth 



Dotim Sheep and Scotch Collie Shepherds 

 Sprrinlty. Semi for Circular nnd Prices. 



T. Walter & Sons, West Chester, Pa 



CyCt<me anil see our Block and select for yoursclvefl. 



