12 



THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



"Vol. X'V., ITo. Ill- 



CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 



Page 1.— Golden Opporiunlties In the Soutb, by Joseph, 

 Page 2.-Bean9 in Place ot Meat, by B-Eans. 



Garden 

 Gathering 



Page S.- 



Page 4.- 



Page 



Page 



Implements, by N. J. Shepherd. 



Corn, by John M. Slahl. 

 -Facts a'nd Figures in regard to Tenants in the 



South, bv'W. E Collins. No Excellence 



Without Labor. 

 -Winter Worlc, bv E. E. Ke.\ford. Preparing 



tor Early Gardening. Early Beets and Rad- 

 ishes, by Thos. D. Baird. 

 5.-PlanMingaYoungOrchard,byL.H. Bailey, Jr. 



Some Questions from New Zealand, by Clias. 



Ryley. 

 6.— Our Flower Garden. 

 Page 7. -Our Flower Garden (continued). 

 Page S.— Live Stoclc. Creamery Butter. Stocli Notes. 

 Page 9.-The Poultry Yard. Providing a Supply of 



Green Food. Breeding Standard Fowls. The 



Grnivth of Young Chicks. 

 Page 10.— The Household. 

 Page II.— Odds and Ends. 

 Page 12.— Editorial Comment. 

 Page 13 -Clippings. 



a>age H.— Correspondence. Experiences with Frauds. 

 Page 1.5.— First Signs of Winter. 

 Page 16.— A Collection. 



CDIIIOI^IALi (sOMMBNiP. 



Bv a special ai-ransemeiit with the publishers 

 of the Nome and Farm we are enabletl to offer it 

 with The Fakm and Gauden for the low price 

 of 7.5 cents. It is a semi-monthly jiaper, and 

 very ably edited. Try it for the year. 



Keep the plou,5h going in fair weather. 



Provide the neces.sary surface di'ainage for your 

 plowed fields, and thus prevent waslies during 

 freshets or floods in spring. 



Do not neglect your young orchards. A coat 

 of whitewasli or of fresh blood will protect them 

 from the attacks of rabbits. 



Your strawberry bed needs mulching as soon 

 as the gi'ound is frozen hard. 



Kovemher. The earth, during the season just 

 pa.ssed, has been a true friend and faithful servant 

 to man. It has laljored hard and produced 

 heavily. Now comes a season of rest, to which 

 It is justly entitled. Trees and shrubs have de- 

 nuded themselves of their summer ornaments. 

 Sombre hues clothe the picture formerly bright- 

 ened by glossy verdure; drowsiness has taken 

 the jilace of freshness and sprightliness. 



Eartli, after a long struggle and mighty exer- 

 tions, needs recuperation as well as man, and will 

 find it in the long and deep sleep of winter. But 

 the farmer is not ready to take his ease, lie 

 must wake while nature sleeps. Upon him has 

 fallen the care for the domestic animals, tlie task 

 of providing their feed and comfort as well lis 

 his own. He must keep tlie wheels of tlie farm 

 clock-woi-k intact, the bearings oiled, ami make 

 every necessary ju-eparation for the eartli's re- 

 awakening in spring. 



The election this month will absorb a deal of 

 interest, naturally and |iro|ierly so, but all the 

 excitement and turmoil usually attending sucli 

 an occasion, should not cause you to neglect your 

 legitimate work. 



Secure your corn crop. Husk and draw the 



f olden ears to your cribs, and the fodder to your 

 am or sheds. " Such work is profitable ; politi- 

 cal discussions are not. 



Fix up and repair your stables and sheds; 

 patch leaky roofs. Make the doors and windows 

 in your dwelling tight. The cold winds and 

 storms are upon us. 



Take good care of your stock, and give them a 

 proper coat of fat for" winter protection. Plenty 

 of good bedding saves and makes good manure. 

 Animal heat can be kept up much cheaper by 

 warm stables and warm bedding tlian merely by 

 feeding grain. Corn is more costly than straw 

 or a few boards. 



We have always seen the best effects of manure 

 when applied near the surface. Use fine manure, 

 barnyard scrapings, etc., as a top-dressing for 

 your wheat fields. 



Draw a few loads of muck, ary soil, or road 

 dust, to be used as absorbents in privies and 

 stables. 



The hen house floor ought to be covered with 

 a few inches of fresh loam or muck, the inside 

 whitewashed once more, the roosts painted with 

 a solution of carbolic acid or with kerosene. 



Gather and store a quantity of dry forest leaves 

 for bedding, and especially for the hen house 

 floor through the winter. It gives the hens a 

 chance to scratch, not only among the leaves, 

 but also in the ground below it, which this cov- 

 ering protects from freezing. 



A large manure pile is the beginning of a 

 golden harvest. Prepare a compost heap and_ a 

 heap of compost. Empty the privy and mix its 

 contents with the stable manure. 



Plaster is a good absorbent. 



The droppings of fattening hogs are nearly as 

 valuable as poultry manure. Save them care- 

 fully. Mi.'ced with the hen manure and with 

 muck or loam, tliey make one of the best fertili- 

 zers for the garden. Apply as a top-dressing in 

 spring, after plowing. 



Clover and timothy are standard hays, and 

 when used togetlier make excellent feeding. As 

 grain is usually allowed to stock daily, advantage 

 may be taken of the concentrated grain food to 

 adulterate the good quality of hay with other 

 kinds that may not be so highly relished when 

 fed alone. Hay not only is in itself nutritious, 

 but also bulky, and distends the stomach, which 

 is a natural requsite to proper digestion, as grain 

 without hay or some other bulky matter would 

 be insufficient. There is no reason why straw, 

 the tops of cornstalks, or even the whole stalk, 

 should not be mixed with the best hay, and thus 

 made usefnl. Stock will pick from the food the 

 good and reject the bad, but much depends on 

 the projier jireparation. We have called atten- 

 tion to the importance of cutting all coarse ma- 

 terial into sliort lengths by passing it through a 

 fodder and hay cutter, one that has a contrivance 

 for cutting and crushing, as a matter of economy. 

 If food is thus )irepared, then moistened, slighlly 

 salted, and sjirinkled with meal and bran, the 

 stock will eat up clean anything that can be 

 made serviceable, and the clover and timothy 

 will not give out before spring, as is often the 

 <'ase. So far as the labor of preparation is con- 

 cerned, this is the time to utilize it, and a large 

 quantity could be cut in a day. Without estima- 

 ting the actual feeding value, it is safe to say 

 that a variety of hay or other long food is always 

 lietter than feeding "stock exclusively on a single 

 kind. 



Let us protect the purity of our own homes, 

 which is dearer to us than all party afliliations. 

 If by sui)porting a partisan country jiaper we 

 have" sheltered on our bosom a viper, whose 

 venomous breath has polluted the pure atmos- 

 phere of our homes, and endangered the blissful 

 innocence and ignorance of our little ones, we 

 must fiing it from us. Thieves, robbers, mur- 

 derers even, are angels compared with these 

 wholesale corrupters of jniblic morals, who deal 

 out a deadly poison in small but effective daily 

 or weekly do.ses, nho familiarize the minds of 

 the young with lies, slander, and filth. God 

 forbid that we become a nation of liars; but the 

 press aflbrds us a good schooling in that direction. 

 Extreme remedies are necessary in extreme evils. 

 If vour daily or weekly papers are of that class, 

 that you would not have your children read it, 

 if it lias insulted yon by appealing to your preju- 

 dices or vour sujiposed ignorance, protect your 

 family aiid resent the insult. Write to the pub- 

 lisher": — "Stop my papei-. I and my family do 

 not want your lies, nor your filth. Your slieet 

 is soaked in rank poison." Keform for the press 

 — protection to innocence. 



It is a popular error that the drainage is al- 

 ways the more thorough the deeper tlie ditches 

 are' dug. Where a thin stratum of fertile surface 

 soil, say not more than 12 or 18 inches deep, is 

 underlaid by a clay subsoil impervious to water, 

 it is only necessary to lay the drain down int<y 

 the "hard pan," and a depth of 2J or 3 feet 

 would answer the same purpose as one of 4 feet. 

 The former depth means a saving of labor and 

 expense. A good tile drain should do service 

 for a good many years, but much depends on the- 

 way it is constructed. Neglect there is ruinous. 



" When Le Due's successor, Loring, isn't 

 drawing his salary he is making stump speeches, 

 — Philadelphia Times. 



The above criticism is rather devoid of charity. 

 Tlie commissioner's wards can have no reason to 

 find fault, if he would give them, in addition to 

 the reliable pumpkin and squash seeds, occa- 

 sionally a little reliable information, though 

 farmers might like it still better if that infor- 

 mation were more of an agricultural and less of 

 a political character. 



People in the South are now setting fruit trees. 

 We wi.sh to remind them that thrifty trees, two, 

 or at most, three years old are the best, and far 

 preferable to older ones. Plant them as carefully 

 as you would set cabbage or tomato plants. Trees- 

 should be set exactly as they stood in the nursery, 

 as well in regard to" depth as to the points of the 

 compass. In'our Eastern States the tops of young: 

 trees are generally inclined towards the east, ana 

 should be replanted in the same way. 



There is no better time for ditching and under- 

 draining your fields than autumn, when the 

 weather is' cool enough to permit a solid day's 

 work when the ground is comparatively dry and 

 labor cheap. But we would emphasize that, un- 

 less such work is done we//, it is hardly worth 

 doing. at all. The majority of drains are ser- 

 viceable only for a very few years. Slighting 

 important work is highly unprofitable. 



Tile is perhaps the best. Next comes stone 

 drain or Ixiard trough. In any case, however, 

 there should be a good grade and a solid founda- 

 tion in the bottom of the ditch. Boards are gofid 

 for this purpose. The tile should be laid with 

 great care, so as to have the openings connect, 

 and every ditch filled up with small stones, peb- 

 bles, etc., to within 15 or 18 inches from the sur- 

 face, ami protected with straw or weeds against 

 stoppage by loose soil. 



Seedsmen and nurserymen are preparing their 

 catalogues for spring distribution. Let them 

 remember our advice to be moderate in their 

 statements. In givin.g their lists they should 

 always designate which variety is early, which 

 medium, and which late. As a rule, the lan- 

 guage used in describing varieties is anything- 

 but concise. Let us know in plain words what 

 kinds are considered the best and most reliable. 



Cuttings of currants and gooseberries can now- 

 be made. Take this year's wood, cut in pieces- 

 six or eight inches long, and plant in nursery 

 rows, a few inches apart, with all but oneeyeeach 

 above ground. Pack the soil tight around the- 

 cuttings and mulch, or tie them in bundles and 

 bury them in sand in your cellar until spring. 



The " Economical Fruit and Vegetable Drier," 

 manufactured in Meehanicsburg, Pa., consists of 

 a set of travs or sieves held by a metal frame to- 

 be placed "in the oven of d common kitchen 

 range. Much otherwise wasted heat may thereby 

 be utilized in the manufacture of evaporated 

 fruits and vegetables. 



In accordance with the custom of the puldish- 

 ers of this paper, a special edition and piemiuni 

 list of 3.50,000 copies of The Farm and Gar- 

 den will be mailed in December of this year. 

 A number of our subscribers whose time expires 

 with December, will receive this premium num- 

 ber free. 



The Farm and Garden has consistently re- 

 fused all doubtful or humbug advertisements. 

 This has made it one of the most valuable medi- 

 ums for advertisers conducting a legitimate- 

 business. 



In a few days after the receipt of this paper 

 the farmers of this country will be called upott 

 to take part in a presidential election. Thht. 

 Farm and Garden has no views as to the- 

 merits of the candidates and parties in contest, 

 but desires that every one of its readers should 

 have. It is the duty of every honest man to take- 

 an active part in politics and make himself felt. 

 Vote, and vote intelligently on November 4th. 



Keep vour sheeji. The low price of wool 

 caused by a general stagnation of business, is 

 merely accidental and not a permanent institu- 

 tion. By crowding your .sheep on an unwilling 

 market, von only double your loss. Wool and 

 slicep will rise in price again. There is no rea- 

 son for a )ianic or stampede. An over production 

 of wo<il is not til lie feared. The low price of 

 wool and woolen goods, however, should be a 

 stimulus to consumption, and if it were to lead 

 to a general adoption of the habit of wearing 

 woolen underwear, the loss to the wool jiroducer 

 would result in increased comfort and better 

 I health of the population generally. 



The interest of manufacturers and farmers in 

 this country are the same, and it is a mistake 

 to think tliat any change on tlie tarifl' which 

 would inpire manufacturers \vould help the far- 

 mers. What both farmer and manufacturer need 

 is a pruning from the tariff lists of all duties not 

 protective to American industries The injustice 

 and oddities of the present tarifl are the chief 

 reasonable arguments against it. 



Each year as the fall months come around our 

 subscriptions show a satisfactory increase. In 

 December of this year a large number of our 

 subscriptions expire. Let us ask each one who- 

 reads this to look up the date his subscription- 

 ends, and renew it witn a few new names. 



