THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



The cold wave of January 6th, 1884, killed more 

 ■eedllng^ and young orange trees in Orange 

 County, 150 miles south of us, than It did within 

 the territory I have been describing. 



Quava bushes lost their leaves, and many ware 

 killed to the ground In Orange County, and they 

 were no worse with us. In fact, a few bushes, near 

 the river, under the shelter of some live oak trees, 

 escaped without any injury whatever. There 

 have beeu very few bananas set out in Switzer- 

 land yet. Of these, however, a few ripened fruit 

 In ISfe, though too much injured to fruit this 

 year, none of them were killed, and they give 

 nnepromise for a crop next year. 



While in Orange County a year ago, I found 

 that they did not expect to be sucoeesful in grow- 

 ing pineapples, unless they gave them some pro- 

 teetlon during the winter. Pineapples lived 

 through the winter at our place without any 

 protection whatever. They were badl.v hurt, but 

 the same amount of protection n'ecessary to 

 ■eoare a crop in Orange County, would Insure one 

 here. 



These statements may seem exaggerated to 

 some. 1 do not ask any one to take my word 

 onsupported, cwne and see. 



That our e-xemptlon from Injurious frosts Is due 

 to DOT water protection, Is proved by the fact that 



BEAUTIFUL EVER-BLOOMING ROSES. 



The Kose la the 

 Qaeen of Flowers, 



(iQ<l our KverMooiuiag 

 KoBei? ajp quicll, elegant, 

 and proUiio Id bearing. 

 Wf' have ajraoged theae 

 ni^Iling oollectioQs that 

 vAcb bujth la of different, 

 » aluable varletj. In Cal- 

 ifornia and the South 

 lhe> can be set oat now 

 and even In the North It 

 II pay well to start 

 I th^m In the bouse pre. 

 pHxatorj to our - door 

 t)lo^>mlng. Early in the 

 warm spring they will 

 bear a profusion of buds 

 and oootinue until frost. 

 Foar Rplendld Of. 

 fenib. I'or 70 cents we 

 will fiend free bv mall 

 Four Ever •bloom. 

 Init Kofie PljuiUi of 

 new varieties, each plant 

 different and of a dif- 

 ferent color, and one year's Bnbsorlpdon to Thk I'AaM AND GaRHSH. 

 Vat 91.00 we will send free by mail H tin" Kver-bloomlog Kose 

 PlAQta and Thb Fabm *nd GAansw one yar. For a club of 4 yearly 

 ntMoribera at && oentseajh, we will give as a premium 4 Ever- 

 Moomiog Boflea- For a club of 1& yearly anbacribers at li& oonta 

 eaoh w« wll* give 15 fine Ever-bluoinlog Rosea. 



as you go back from the river, the severity of the 

 frost Increases. So much so, that last winter, 

 oranges on the trees in groves three or four miles 

 back from the river, were sjwlled by freezing, 

 while In the groves along the river, very few were 

 touched at all. Unimproved land at this place 

 can be bought for about one-half the price asked 

 for poorer land further south. The reason for 

 this Is that the most of those who settle in 

 Florida, wish to grow oranges. They have heard 

 that to do so successfull.v, they must get beyond 

 the " frost line," which is louuted a long way up 

 the river. The agents for all the tran»port4itlon 

 lines encourage this Idea, because the farther 

 south the people go, the more money they get for 

 fare and freight. 



It costs more to go frotn JackBonville to Orange 

 County onc^>, tiian to make a dozen trips to Switz- 

 erland and back. There Is also a very great dif- 

 ference In the cost of getting produce to market 

 from the two points I am comparing. 



The " frost line " has'not been detiniitely located 

 for many years. It Ut naid, that at one time it was 

 marked by a rail fence, but this fence wius burned 

 by one of bur forest fires, and since that time no 

 one has been able to llnd It again. Seriously, 

 there is a great deal of nonsense wrilt^'ii ujion 

 this subject, and It will pay any one who wishes 

 to settle In Florida, to look about him well before 

 deciding. 



I have no land for sale, nor any interest In the 

 Bale of that belonging to others. I b*_igan a year 

 ago In the pine woods, and am trying to make 

 myself a home In the " Land of Flowers." My 

 only object In writing thus is to bring in more 

 good neighbors, if possible. To that end I will 

 gladly answer all Inquiries from parties who 

 •noloee stamp to pay postage. 



OOLDEN OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SOUTH 



Continxifd. B>/ Josrpfu 

 GRAPES AND QKAPK WINE. 



The United States opens a wide territory for 

 ■noceesful grape culture. Grapes are grown with 



Eroflt In many of the Nftrthern States, but their 

 ome is further South. In Virginia, in the Car- 

 ollaas, and in other Southern terrltorlt^ we find 

 the vine in its natural condition, unimproved and 

 uncultivated, and .vet the fruit is often very 

 acceptable to a not too fastidious taste. This cir- 

 cumstance proves beyond a doubt that both 

 climate and soil Is naturally ailapted to the grape. 



J'riend Satterthwaite, in South Carolina, near 

 the Georgia line, evidoutly believes that grape 

 growing there Is profitable, else he would liardly 

 invest thousands of dollars vear at^r year in 

 planting Niagara's. Fie, like ilie genial 1*. M. of 

 Kiehmond on ills 1.^ j\cres raises tlie fruit for 

 market malnl.v. I have visited the latter gentle- 

 man's vine.vard- His Concords. Catawbas, Ives 

 and other variett'W are growing luxuriantly, yield 

 abundantly, and bring very fair returns. The 

 Belaware there does not seem to t>e quite so re- 

 liable. 



Whl'.e writing this artiiile I find myself right 

 upon the verv flncsl gr.ape soil to be found 

 between North and South, on top of the Blue 

 Ridge, whicb divides the groat valley and 



In sending you, ovr sample January number of 

 The Farm and Garden, ofw/Uch we propose to 

 issue 350,000, of course we muj<t reach some who 

 are not acquainted with tts, or our journal. 



Four years ago, we believed that a moitthly 

 journal devoted to the interest of the farm and 

 garden, could be made a success. With that belief 

 we began the publication of Thk Farm and 

 Gakden, and after our trial we find that our 

 hopes and our expectations have been more than 

 realized. For this wethank our many friends for 

 the encouragement they have given us, and the 

 kind appreciation they have so often expressed of 

 our efforts to give an excellent journal at so low a 

 price. We hope the same good feeling may con- 

 tinue "with all our old friends who have so long 

 lakenTwE Farm and Garden, and all new ones 

 who may subscribe to our journal. To those who 

 do not know us, and who may receive the January 

 (sample) number, we desii'e to say we were fold 

 that an agricultural journal conld not be made to 

 suit all parts of the country, but each journal 

 must be local in character, and unsuited to the 

 various sections of the Country. Our experience 

 has proved this to be an error, for The Farm 

 and Garden is now taken in all parts of the 

 Union. Although it entails upon us much extra 

 work, which others would perhaps not undertake, 

 yet, we propose to study the iv<i}its of every section 

 of the Union, and endeavor to Jill that want for 

 advice and infonnation. 



A BUSINESS NCTICE. 



We are now located at iHO Library Street. We will 

 remom about December IBth, J.SS4, to No. 7i5 Filbert 

 Street, letters a<ldressed to either place will reach 

 U.I, or addressed siinply Farm and Garden^ Lock 

 Box, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Piedmont. Soil and climate seem to be alike 

 favorable to grape growing, and on either elope 

 of this far-stretched mountain range. 



A few weeks since I visited Messrs. Ashby and 

 McKay, at Belmont near Front Royal, the largest 

 Individual grape growers and wine makers in the 

 South. Nearly 100 acres are planted In grapes, 

 mostly C/Oiicords, Delawares, Catawbas^ also Ives, 

 Hartford Prolific, and Norton's Virginias. 



Suitable land — limestone soil— in this Blue 

 Ridge section Is plentiful and cheap, from $5.00 

 to $20.00 per acre. Therefore grape growers, to 

 make a start here on a moderate scale, need but 

 little capital, and have ni'iny other ttlngs in 

 their favor. There Is little danger from Injurj' by 

 late frosts In the spring, or by early frosts In the 

 fall. Catawbas have a chance to mature every 

 year. The fruit ripens early, and may be mar- 

 keted weeks In advance of the New York crop. 

 I do not see any reason why growers should buy 

 high-priced land In the North for grape growing, 

 and run all the risks of early and late frosts, 

 when such advantages are offered a little further 

 south. 



Grape growing here, in the comparatively rare 

 cases where we meet with It at all, is on generally 

 the grander scJile, which characterizes almost ail 

 farming operations In the South. Cultivators 

 think no more of planting ten acres of vines, or 

 tomatoes, or other produce, than a Northener 

 would of planting one. No fuss Is made about It, 

 nor are great preparations considered necessary. 

 The land Is plowed, the grapes planted, rather 

 close — six, seven, or eight feet is the usual dis- 

 tance — short stakes are driven in due season, and 

 the vines tied to the one wire stretched on top of 

 the stakes, or, as in the case of the P. M., and 

 generally in other places, each vine Is simply 

 trained to a single stake. Our Northern grape 



growers, many of whom are Germans, grow up 

 in the business, would treat a vineyard altogether 

 differently. With more wire, more labor, some 

 fertilizer, and perliaps a greater distance between 

 the plants, they would raise two or three times 

 the quantity of fruit on the same area. 



Mr, McKay sells only his Delawares partly In 

 the local market of Front Royal, partly in 'Wash- 

 ington City. All of his Concords, Catawbas, Nor- 

 ton's Virginia, etc., are manufactured into wiaa 

 and brandy. It is not necessary in this connec- 

 tion to discuss the question, whether it be right 

 or not to produce wine and brandy for sale.* \Va 

 may take It as a fact, that wine will be made and 

 used as a beverage as long as grapes are grown. 

 Mr. McKay finds the business profitable, and 

 Intends to plant still more largely. At present 

 he makes about 1800 gallons or more per annum, 

 and sells the product for from 60 cents to $1.25 per 

 gallon. A number of his casks hold about IIOIB 

 gallons each. 



"Show me," says he, "the 100 acres of land ia 

 this great and fertile valley which will yield to 

 the cultivator as large net profits, with the same 

 outlay of labor, as my 100 acres of grapes. - 'i.oa 

 can not do It." And I think he Is right. " 



We have heard occasionally about the garden 

 spot of the South. The Blue Ridge, with Ita 

 spurs would be my choice. 



• ITht- editors of The Farm ano Gardkn bj no means ■■talte thi^ aa 

 a fact," but cordially diiagreo with it.] 



GARDEN NOTES. 



Spreading hay a few inches thick over the gai*- 

 den, will make the soil, wiien the hay is removedj 

 easier to till and will keep mellow audmoistlong- 

 er In summer. 



While at leisure In this cold and Vnclemeut 

 season, get your pen and do what a, farmer seldom 

 delight*: to do, write a letter, more than one if you 

 choose, but all of them for the garden. Ask the 

 seedmen for their catalogues of s<'eds, the manu- 

 facturer for his price-list of plows, garden cultiviv 

 tors, <feo., the publisher for book list, and then y<jii 

 will have something to advise you what to buy 

 and what to do, and when spring comes you aro 

 all ready and posted for work. Do not put It off. 



But little can be done In the garden ut this 

 season of the year. The compost may be pre-? 

 pared. Hog pen manure Is very good for garden 

 manure, and slaughter house manure Is \eTy 

 valuable also, as it has so niueh blood and offal 

 in It that it will make a vigorous growth of vine, 

 and is very valuable for cucumbers, ptiie beans 

 and running vine«, but is apt to make tlie planus 

 too vigorous for an extra early fruiting. Fresh 

 stable manure is not good for the garden, for tho 

 manure will heat and the free Ammonia that 

 will escape will injure the roots of early stuff; or 

 as some farmers say, " burn up the stutl"." Put 

 no ashes or lime in your compost. Spread them 

 broadcast over the garden, and the compost iu 



tlie urn. 



The season may not allow It this soon, to make 

 a garden fence, If you have none, by all means 

 get your lumber ready now for a good high fenco 

 antl plan for a good garden the coming spring. 

 If you wish on early garden select a plot sloping 

 toward the sun and build the fence high and 

 tighten the north side of the garden and white- 

 wash It on the south side. Should your garden 

 soil be heavy and cold, look up some sand bank 

 this winter, and cart sand and cover the garde'n 

 well with It. If you do the Job well, it will not 

 require to be done again In a life-time. One hun- 

 dred loads of sand, carted In a garden, will make 

 a clay loam a sandy one. Try a cxirner of the 

 garden "With sand, any way, and see If you are not 

 pleased with It. 



When we ask the readers of (his paper to send ut a 

 clut>, we mean you, qf course. It is easily done. 



L GENTS WANTED foi 'wo new fast selling arti- 

 cles, tramples free. C. E. j>Inr«ihnll, Lockport. H. V. 



SEND to KINC & CO.. Owego, N.V.. for CatalOKue 

 and Priee-List of CUSTOM HAND-MADE HARNESS. 



100 



LARGE Fancy AdvertisiiiK CHrds. all differ- 

 ent, for 30 eta. CABD WOKKS, MontpeUer, Vt. 



AND- NOT 

 ■WEABIOrl 



O ^^ I 1^ by watcbmakers. By mail25c. Circnla^ 

 OUbDiree. J.S.£iBcs&Co..C8£erSt..N. If 



1 A n Bciap Pictures, no 2 alike, & set of 4 large Adv. 

 lUU cards for 10c. C. G DePU Y.Syracuse, N. Y. 



$39 



PER WEEK SELLING my Watches, Notionse 

 J ewelry, etc. td^page Catalogue free. Addi es, 

 G. U. HANSON. Chicaso, 111. 



MARLBORO RASPBERRY, POKEEPSIE 

 RED, ULSTER PROLIFIC, and Ducbeit GrapM. 



Send to tlie originators for descriptloD and terms. 



A. J. CAY WOOD & SOf/S, Marlboro, flew York. 



GREENlIODfiE') VERBENAS, and ROSES in 

 _, AiUTC f 100 OR Crrn VegetaWe 



PLANTS. ) 1000 lots. wt-tU, and Flowera. 



Many desirable noveltlne. Small Fruits. 80 Page cala- 

 logue ready iu Feb'y, free. C. E. ALLEN. Braltleboro, Vt. 



SO tOTZLT NewHoUdsrChromorARDS, 



witbuame. lOe. 12 SeDtlmeDtaUHiddea 



Name, 1 />e. 18 Xmnn & NewYear, Hlddes 



> Naioe, S&e. Naasau Card Co. NaMau, N. T. 



rlOKTrlANUbT mail or persoDnlly. 

 itnatlons procured for pupils when competent. 

 end for Circular. W. G. CHAFFEE. Oswego.N. Y. 



/^•:/i.-BMNC-ENGRAV'-ER ^5 

 f(i'^SeeDSmEn.FL0RISTS^nURS6RYM£n 



innnn^'-ECTROS IN STOCK. ,^.Bi.A/^C 

 L lU.UUU SENDFORCATALOGUES PHILAD^ 



M AULE'S 



CANNOT BE SURPASSED. 



G-ARDEIT 



New catalogue lur IW), (ree to all. Best published. You 

 ought to have it. Don'l tail la tend tour address oo a postal tat 

 It to WM. HENRY MAULE, 129.131 S. Fnol Si., PbJIa., P*. 



WHO WANTS A \JI L^ 



WATCH, ORCUINETT^, or JEWELRY 

 FREE, should send for our terms. 



Address PH(ENIX MANUFCTURING GO.. 



41 BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK. 



,»s SjCAUE§ 



Hatlefactory references given. For Illufltrmted 

 Book BddisBe, Osgood <Sb Co., BiogLamton, N. Y 



