THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



She Oi^ghai^Dj Uinbyaf^d, 



AND Small Pi^uims. 



Notile is the mm who planls fruU trees for the use 

 Kif hit rhildren with the same zeal as he does for his 

 arum profit.. 



A tree, unlike some people, when kindly treated, 

 xeldom fails to discover U. It does not forget the /,'ind- 

 nes*. — 



apples; change or varieties by soil 



AND climat e. 



By EU Mlneh, ,Shiloh, Ji. J. 



In former contributions to y.^ai valuable 

 Journal I have considered a few ol (he many 

 problems of fruit growing. I will examine 

 at this time the eftects of soil and climate, 

 and the variation tliey produce in the 

 growth of the tree and fruit, and how they 

 affect the value of varieties In dlfl'creut sec- 

 tions of the country. 



AH varieties of apples are not at all sim- 

 ilarly affected by soil and climate. Thus the 

 Ben Davis is liardy and will thrive in the 

 cold, icy regions of Canada, and withstand 

 quite successfully the ilry, cold winds of a 

 Wisconsin winter. It will also grow in the 

 dry soil of central Texas, and will f ndure 

 the torrid heat of Alabama and Georgia, 

 while the Swaar will only thrive in its na- 

 tive home on the banks of the Hudson. 

 Bach variety differs In adaptability to soils, 

 but not so widely as Ben IJavls and Swaar. 

 Upon this branch of apple culture more 

 Information is needed, for upon it depends 

 Vallure or success. Published descriptions of 

 Irult avail us but little, for the Swaar Is 

 highly commended for its fine quality, while 

 the Ben Davis is always descriljed as only 

 pa-ssable. A reader would naturally suppose 

 If he wanted a fine apple he must take the 

 ijwaar, yet a mistake could not be greater, 

 lor the Swaar would succeed only in a few 

 places, while had he taken the Ben Davis, 

 a supply of fair fruit would have been as- 

 sured. 



Now we want other varieties of fruit, and 

 we must look over the list carefully to see 

 what varieties we can safely plant to suit 

 our soil and climate, and to iilve some light 

 on this point I write this article. 



Experiments that I have made with many va- I set In the spring only a bua 

 rleties of fruit from various part of the Union I ground, take root from the graft very readily, 

 ueem to establisii the fact beyond all question , and become a seedling in every respect iwregju-ds 

 that apples which are good keeiwrs at the >forth rix>t and top, and will flourish with all the vigor 

 are •'cnerallv wortliless for kr. ping If removed I of that variety In its native soil, <>r Jiny soil of a 

 from hlllv regions of the Nortii to the level re- , similar nature, yet, if taken to a dillerent soil. 

 »ions of tlie Middle Status, and that while early unless it can accommodate It.self readily to that 

 apples from those regions will be Une on removal, change, will not thrive or prove satisfactory. 

 Soul hern early fruits are not so promising. Their While this fact appears clear to me, I also find If 

 winter apples are, without doubt, destined to be we take the same variety and graa it on a vlgor- 

 the winter apples of the middle sections of the ous native seedling three or four years old at the 

 United States point where tiie U)p ol tlie now tree is desired. 



Some of the elfects of climate that are general will then have a vigorous seedling root to thr ve 

 ov- all BccUons of the country are that dry I upon, and will not be compelled to contend with 

 weather colors up tne fruit handsomely, and If an uncongenial soil. In the one case the tree, da 

 f „ Is usually grown by small 



seedling roots, will succeed 

 in any soil in which the va- 

 riety will thrive, but will 

 not suit itself to an uncon- 

 genial soil. 1 think here my 

 Western friends will And the 

 sei-ret of decaying orchards. 

 This article is already too 

 long-continued, it retards the growth and ripen- 1 lengthy, and I will, at an early date, complete It, 

 Ingr and maltes the fruit keep better. Wet I and have something also to say on orchard sites 

 weather increases the growth and causes the i and soils, 

 fruit to ripen and decay earlier. Warm, late 

 falls cause the apples to form fruit buds, and will 

 make an apple that is a poor bearer in a colder 

 climate be a good bearer, and a good bearer at 



above 



THE NIAGARA GRAPE 



cry one i/t the JaO.OVO per'toD^ who r 

 orapo. VTe Ihi-n-foro Dave prcparM 

 Company tall utlifrs iiri> Hpurloui) 

 eEOh) Wf will ^ivtf free, :" » premi 



A donlrabic and valuabU- aov.Ujr. ProhU- 

 t>lo. proUilr. and of good qualllT. De«crib*4 

 aij 1 lllustraled on Uiis pa^r. Wo b«UeTc e»- 



^ ,— ,-. would bfl d.'llghled and pU'nM!<l with this 



) -^fud ircnalnc Nlusara arupe vino* wlih «eal of tho 

 -For ao ^u' ■ '■^ "^ '".- 



one a-year-old Niiicaru 2rap« vino, mnlled^poat- 



p«ld! or we will ii..nd t'aaM AMD QaRDKM 0D« yvmi and one tf.yoar olu vine for #K.10. '^ 

 allow UtH opportuuilj io puM. 



and #7.&0 (S5 ccnu 



■■ 1 poflt- 



Do Dot 



NIAGARA GRAPE. 



This beautiful, new white ( 



** v^v^v* ,j^*».ui «uv* « v^^v* w^»*u. «v - ape was originated 



th'6 8outh°a'*poorone"nortii"oirit's phice ofo'r"lgim | ln"Ni"agara County, N. Y.,l)y Messrs. Hoag & 

 I find in ny experience of planting trees from Clark, and is a seedling of the Cassady as a male 

 various soils and sections from very distant 

 point* ot country, tliat tliose from the river hot' 

 toms of Geoi-gla and rich bottom soils of Ohio 

 are very fibrous— a solid mass of flue roots, while 1 

 {Tcn\ the limestone soil of Tennessee the nx)ts are ■ 



and the Concord as a female. It Is being intro- 

 duced by T. 8. Hubbard, of Fredonia, N. Y. The 

 Niagara is a strong, vigorous grower, and com- 

 bines all the vigorous, hardy qualities of the Con- 

 cord and the white color and peculiar sweetness 

 of the Cassady, thus having all the good qnall- 

 ties of both parents. The bunches are often 

 shouldered, and usually weigh a half pound or 

 more, and those of a pound weight are very nn- 

 nierous. The berries are large, somewhat larger 

 than the Concord, of a greenish-white color like 

 the Cassady, and almost transparent, of a pecu- 

 liar and distinct flavor pleasing to most lovers o? 

 the grape. One peculiarity of the trrape is part- 

 ing so freely from its seeds, and the seeds need 

 not be eaten with the pulp, as it is necessary to 

 do in most grapes. It possesses none of that 

 burning character which causes some otherwise 

 excellent grapes to give a peculiar acrid sensa- 

 tion of the tongue and at times an unpleasant 

 soreness. The Niagara ripens with the Hartford 

 Prolific, and will remain on the vine and not 

 shrivel or rot, as is usual with grapes, but will 

 continue in good condition until frost. 



The vino is wonderfully productive. A one- 

 year-old vine set in 1878 bore twenty clusters in 

 1879, and forty-seven in 1880, large crop in 1881, 

 and in 1882 produced one of forty pounds of 

 grapes. This was done in good vineyard cultiva- 

 tion. Oiu- engraving represents a bearing vine- 

 yard of the Niagara grape set ten feet apart and 

 four years old, and shows its beaoUful appear- 

 ance and great productiveness. 



long and clean ^ t'rom the loam of New York they 

 are freely-rooted and stocky, and fnjm New Jer- 

 sey the roots are lone and flbrous. When planted 

 all of them more or less lose tlieir characteristics 

 and form long and clean roots. One year will 

 ^ihange all the fibrous roots of the flbrous-rooted 

 trees of Ge*>rgia and Ohio into the long and 

 straight -ix)ts so common in orchards of our 

 section 



Those changes all'ecv to .some extent the growth 

 of the tree. The trees grown in river bottoms 

 are sure to live, but do not readily change roots 

 in less than a year. After they change their 

 roots to suit our soil their growth is very rapid 

 indeed. The trees from the iime^^one regions of 

 Tennessee grow rapidly in any soil. 1 am mak- 

 ing experiments with trees of other sections, and 

 they will be continued until a satisfactory result 

 is reached. 



.Studying, as I do, all the various changes that 

 soil and climate produce iu varieties, I am slowly 

 flnding the result. I wish to reach a variety or 

 varieties of fruit^s that make us a list of apples, 

 both early and late, that will be an acquisition to 

 tho country. It will take time to accomplish it, 

 but I feel that In due time I shall have solved tlie 

 problem. I luu learning that an apple of an(»tbcr , 

 section top-grafted on one of our native seedlluas 

 is not the same as one grown on a tree that Is 

 grown in that section, planted and fruited here. 

 That varieties also of a different soil and climate 

 not grafted in their native soil, do not. If planted | 

 with me, produce the same tree or fruit as if top- [ 

 grafted on one of our native seedlings. The 

 cause of whicli I will explain. ! 



Trees propagated In usual manner on small i 

 seedling stocks grafted in the winter and 



GRAPE 



I VINE.'-t— Po'keepeie,Hedtnat«r, 

 Prolifio. NIAGAU.\,iuict other 

 olit'i'i'i nric rari«/iV.. Straw berriee, 

 BlaclitieiTies, .M^HLBOKU 1 



1 other Raspborriee. OatalogTieyr."'' 



JU&L, llOUSEk >k t!ON, .Mercbantville, ^f. J. 



i O STRONG CONCORD ^n^^# 



I ^^ BY MAIL for SI.OO. Order NOW 



■ m^^ for Spring SiiipmenK. Oat&logne FK££. 

 WM. B. REED, CHAMBERSBURC, PA. 



IT EXCELS 



EN 

 EABL.IirE.SS, 

 LARGE SIZE, 

 AND 

 .XWEBTNESS. 



SEPEEmAEARLVmUCO&X 



!K '^iwverouNorri" all jhoulo n«ve it. 



Tcrr^.Kurlj' Sweet Com. with a » 



vry litre* 



Hiarkit or honi* 

 ilrner. Onl^ a I'-w ■laja later thau Lne 

 ■> ry ■ ajliest, with tara tolly aa \ikTge a» th« 

 vcrviT^-D (the standard a*, rf^iirds elie). Terj 

 (ifodu'.tlvif. and peraliarVv cwett and rich. Tlw 

 moHt profitabk' 1"T market, ihe Moat 

 dellcloud liT Lh** tablp. It wit) be 

 cperior rroin ils dtJi- 

 -■weetne*-s. ttfl large 

 sif«l ears oo»- 

 I^lfd with iu 

 _^^^^^^^^^^^^^ exircmo eaxll 

 pTovtb ^^"^^^^^^^^B "' "talk fbr f^ 

 icUvmees. It .^^^^| com ti iocs In 

 _ eacoesflivt 



Bo«tn^- IL ;r..H - ;it.,.ui fi fe*'l hiRh. vitb 2 U> .1 -^ar- to the alaUt Thle corn koows do Kortb. no Sooth, no FapL. no Vvil, but It Ib equally 

 (TOO*! '•v>.i'. ..L^rc ALiil i.'T ivtrvorif — wherever curi, ir- crown. It ts Fnre lo irlve (-aiinfaction. A trijt fiicKaye ^iH toevIdo- jon. It l» all w 

 claim fi-r ii. Trv it. l&c. per paoka|rc (<-"iii-iininz st-^ eooneb lor t>0 bllN). H piH>kQ|ce« to oiio uddreiw, by mall, for 91. OO 

 Prl^-* for larKPr'quanllties ou application. All parcheKern wlU reotlve a eopy of our larffe lllMMtratcd cufalognie of Reeda, 

 plantm undKordon nuppUes of all klndm FBKE, atid many other TalQai)re_uoveltteM, oontalDs_conipl«;w llaU- cf all thi> desc w« 

 -^plants. Sent to others on receipt "^ ^^ ■^■.^^».^ ^ . — .— 



Send atoDCC. do not wait. Addro^ 



^eeds and pjlaots. Sent to' others on receipt ■■ r% DIERSON ^ORIST AND SE^SMAN, 





SEEDS 



AND : I 



PLANTS 



For I88S 



Our Ilhistrated Catalogue of 

 'Everyihinf for tho Garden,*' 

 full of valaable caltnral directions, 

 containing 8 colored plates, and em- 

 bracing ever3rtliing new and rare In 

 6KED3 AND pLANTS, wHl bc mailed on 

 receipt of stamps to corer postage 

 (5 centB). To cnstomers of last 

 eeason sent £ree without application. 



3^ 



&C0. 



35&37CORTLAK0^5T 



