THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



The Chazie apple of Canada sometimes brings 

 as much as S40 a oarrel in London. In 1870 this 

 famous variety was found growing wild on the 

 farm of a mar named Chazie, near Niagara Falls. 

 The fruit haF lue muskmelon flavor. 



The stock of fruit trees this j/car appear n not to be 

 verfj large, especially of peach trees, M'e wot/fd 

 adhise early orders^ for fruit trees, as you uill get 

 the pick of the best trees if you ordei' early, also thv- 

 kind you ivant. The trees will be sent when you 

 wish them. But order early. 



Stones Hardy blackberry is a very hardy berry 

 for cold Wisconsin winters. The berries are 

 email, but it is a prolific bearer and of great value 

 where a hardy berry is required. Between the 

 Snyder and Stone's Hardy, there is but little dif- 

 ference. Some deem the Stone a little less tart 

 than the Snyder. Either of them are safe at 

 forty degrees below zero, and are good varieties 

 to plant. 



B. H. M., of Edgefield, S. C, in the Rural yeic 

 Yorker, says, that after fruiting the Kiefier pear 

 two years, he finds the pear very beautiful, but 

 in quality it is utterly u'orthless. He is very suc- 

 cessful w'ith the Le Conte. Wood ashes, from a 

 half peck for a three year old, to one bushel for a 

 twenty year old tree, is his specific for the blight, 

 and has now been exempt five years. He also 

 cultivates the orchard very little, only plowing 

 it in spring. 



Grape vines can now be pruned and the wounds 

 will dry and prevent the bleeding sure to follow 

 if the vines are pruned later. Grape vines will 

 bear very severe pruning, and the grapes will 'i 

 finer. For arbor pruning we would adv!.--. 

 where shade is wanted, to prune to long arm- 

 and trim tlie arms close and train thcni wlun 

 the shade is wanted. The growth will be vigor- 

 ous and will soon cover the trellis and make ai. 

 abundance of shade and a supply uf fine fruit. 



We want Mubsci-iberw in every iiitpllieeiit com- 

 munity US thick nnd cloNe tiigethei- uh the ueai--^ 

 in our illusrratiou. If ) ou will Ne ntl iin a <-liib oi 

 1*2 it nill he a big Htart. This will eniiile ) on i<i 

 the Farm and i-arden for three years free. 



The Red June is apt to scab when planted i. 

 north. To some extent this is true of Michigai 

 but more so of Iowa. It is a good early fruit li >i 

 the middle section of the country. The Retl 

 Astrachan, in extremely cold situations, does not 

 fruit well; but it is one of the very best for any 

 eection, and very productive. The Pennock is 

 very hardy, a good bearer, and a good winter 

 apple, large, of line red color; but is apt to have 

 black spots, which are very hitter and sometimes 

 ruin the fruit. 



In the orchard but little can be done in the 

 enow in the North, but in more favorable sections 

 in the South, a great deal of pruning can be done. 

 It does not pay to trim all varieties promiscu- 

 ously and weaken the tree. In young orchards 

 only a little of the wood need be taken out to let 

 in light and all*. Heavy bearing trees, if thinned 

 too much are apt to break under tne loads of 

 fruit, which must be supported on a few limbs 

 and are almost sure to break. We find many 

 orchards are injured by severe pruning. But let 

 no dead remain in any tree. Cut all branches 

 closely. 



You want to grow peaehes, and you can do it too. 

 You can set the yellows at defiance, ajid have luscious 

 fruit. Remember, at the proper time The P'arm 

 AND Garden unit tell you how to drt it. That is 

 what we print a paper for. We shall tell ym(, at the 

 right time, hmv it can be clone, and rve know it. The 

 Farm and (Jarden tievcr takes the back seat. 



Peach orchards ou gravelly nr sandy soils, need 

 for ;i fi^rtiliztT, limr, potash, soda :ui<l i)liospii:ites. 

 These mineral manures are far better than stable 

 manures. Put your stable manures broat^-iiist. 

 when the ground is frozen over your wheatT^ 

 top of snow if need be, and put your mineral 

 fertilizer on your peach orchard and it will pay 

 you to do so." Stable manure makes too luxuri- 

 ant a growth in the tree and too long limbs, and 

 they are apt to break easily. Mineral fertilizers 

 make stubbed, short, strong limbs and a healthy 

 tree and do not break easily. A liberal fertilizer 

 for an orchard would 'jc SOU pounds of any stand- 

 ard phosphate, or tho same of bone-dust or plain 

 South Carolina dissolved rock, and .50(> pounds of 

 kainit, and '>0 bushels of lime. This will cost, at 

 the usual prices, not far fron\ twelve dollars per 

 acre, and will be superior to twelve loads of man- 

 ure to the peach orchard. Spread broadcast, 

 evenly, over the whole surface at any time. You 

 may spread it now if you wish. 



THE LE CONTE PEAR. 



The Le Conte I*kar. 



THE PEAR BLIGHT. 



1. V. Jlwison's (Dtxirt f to Oms. Ryley.of Ttiranaki, 

 AVu- ZralatuL 



Owing to the miscarriage or delay of November 

 number, I did not see Mr. Ryleys letter until 

 now. 



It does not matter much what the nature of 

 the soil, the grassing of land planted to pear 

 orchard would produce the same eflTect. cause 

 early maturity of wood, and conse'iutntly pas- 

 sing the winter without freezing the yovmg s:i]'py 

 shoots, (as there would be none to fre</.e. while 

 if cultivated late there would be), and thus weak- 

 ening the vitality and making a hot-bed for 

 bacteria blight when the warm weather comes 



again. As the pear naturally grows upon thin 

 clay soils, and sends its roots very deeply into 

 the earth, »o fear need be entertained as to star- 

 vation by the grass. 



The grass dies in winter and makes a nice thin 

 ipiuich, keeps the soil pfirous, and in the early 

 ■■urnmer the pear takes advantage of this and 

 makes a strong, rapid growth, which thoroughJy 

 matures long before autumn frosts come, with 

 cultivation, a fall growth is almost certain to 

 lake place, which not only sets a bait for blight, 

 but imures the fruit buds which have already 

 formed. 



I haxie produced just as heavy crops of as flue 

 pcai-s the second and third year trees had stood 

 niiilisiiui)od in grass, as did the same trees when 

 \.rll cultivated, demou^trating that the pear was 

 i<-cding from far IkIow the surface. The cultiva- 

 tion causes a set of small surface roots to grow 

 and give unusual stimulus for a short time, and 

 at the expense of the deep roots. 



For the best results in grass, I would, of course, 

 choose deep, well-drained soil. The sub-soil, par- 

 ticularly, should be oiClay rich in lime and iron. 

 The addition of ashes and salt occasionally, 

 would doubtless be beneficial, as these elements 

 readily dissolve and penetrate the earth and 

 there act as chemical fluxions or solvents of other 

 elements necessary to be freed from their stony 

 embraces, for roots to lay hold on them more 

 readily. 



Pear trees, on own roots, bear in six to ten 

 years, in cultivated lands, in grass, considerably 

 sooner. On quince tbey bear in naif the time. 



Tying a strong cord about the body of the tree 

 in spring, st> as to cause the part above to swell 

 out like a welt, will cause fruit buds to be devel- 

 oped sooner. The cord should be allowed to 

 remain on only until fall, and a new one tied 

 aliove the old place the next spring if the tree is 

 still too vigorous, and has made no fruit buds. 

 This has a similar eflect to root pruning, and 

 several other operations, such as girdling, cutting 

 back Ml summer, &c., all of which injure the 

 vitality of the tree, and should not long be eon- 

 1 iiiuod. Grassing has a somewhat similar effect, 

 iiut less injurious than any other, and a more 

 JKitural way. Winter pruning, on the contrary, 

 ^iimulates further wood growth and retards 

 iruiting. but gives finer fruit of what you d<» get. 

 So. if an orchard has become <ild and scraggy, 

 plowing, nianuringand winter pruning will cause 

 it to renew itself with young wood. But I did 

 not intend to write a book on orchard manage- 

 ment. 



As to the true " Fire Blight " in New Zealand, I 



ardly think it will fiourish there, as the climatic 

 conditions are adverse to the growth and dcvel- 

 oimient of such bacteria, just as Is California 

 under the influence of ocean breezes, only still 

 more so. I would take it to be a great pear cli- 

 niate, if the soil will suit. 



Mr. Ryley's " Hoot Fungus" seems to act verv 

 much as a "Root Rot " we have here. This has 

 been traced to insufficient drainage, land which 

 remains water-k>gged for some time after very 

 rainy weather, the young fibers drown and then 

 the result, rot gets the blame. The" Rot" is only 

 the vulture eating a dead carcass. Drain the 

 land and keep the roots alive. 



If you have only one fruit tree, read our Or- 

 chard Department. Its editor hus grown fruit 

 for thirty years, and very successfully, too. He 

 writes about fruit because he hwws about it, 

 Nothing wrouy in this, is theref 



RANCOCAS; best earlv red raspberry. STRAW- 

 REKRIFS— Mav King, best earlv: Cuiinecticut 

 (iiiceti, besi late. \ViN»n .1 r. he-t f-tnly' BIneUberry. 

 S. C. De C'Ol'. Mooreslown. Burllnqton County. N. J- 



JJJj U JliUXiXVXt I . Succeeds on nil Soils anil 

 is a l"H<»l ITABM-: FRIIT to eiow for imirket. 

 noinc CtanJDc I Hnstraud Descriptive Price-list tree. 

 UeiUb dldpitSb, w est Sebewa, Ionia Co.. 3licfa. 



Strawberry Plants For Sale 



Surli as .1 iiiiilxi, Allaiilic. I*riiire Kerrirp*. Cor- 

 nelia. I>aaiel Itoant'. ll*>ii<lfi'N<>n. Parry. ljai*#:e 

 stock ami 1,0\V l'I{I(l':?». SiMid lor Si«<-ial Piice- 



James Lippincott, Jr., mi'. Hoiiy,'N.'"j. 



a 



RANGOCAS 



n^ 



We give on next column cut of aVjearing hranch 

 of the Le Conte pear very much reduced. The 

 tree is such an enormous bearer that the i>ears 

 cling to the branches much like plums, as will be 

 seen by the cut we give. Of course no tree will 

 bear so profusely as a single branch will, or in fact 1 

 no tree could bear such an enormous weight, but 

 the pear Is wonderfully productive and hardy. 

 The original tree stands in Liberty County, 

 Georgia, and wa« sent there by Major Le Conte, 

 from whom it takes its name, and is now over 

 forty years old. It has borne large crops annu- 

 ally, with no ofl" years. It belongs to the sand 

 pear class of pears, and is like them a very vig- 

 orous grower. The pears are as large as the Bart- 

 lett, bell shape, and in quality not good, but 

 sells well in market. This is the great pear 

 for the South, where most pears are not success- 

 ful. It will not be valuable north of the Caroli- 

 Mas, as the quality of the pear suffers from the 

 want of a hot and a warm climate to fully ripen 

 and improve it. The Le ConXe is largel.v planted 

 in Georgia and Mississippi for Northern markets, 

 and with very profitable results. 



THK 3IOST PKOnrCTIVi;. IIAICUV. EARLY 



RED RASPBERRY 



(;ooD Qi, ALi TV. FiNE'COLoiE. <:akkii:> wet l. 



A GREAT MARKET BERRY. 



siKiiiid he planted by everv one. Spnd fordeseription ami 

 terms. W. H. MOON, Co-IntroUucer, MorrisviU*, Pui. 



I 



NJ AliAKA WHITE GEAPE. MARLBORO Raspberry. 

 H. S. ASDEHSOS^mo^pnngs^^^Catelogge/rg^ 



3 DOZEN HE*STRAWBp:Kl{IESrni *i.oo. 

 "■"■^"^^^ post-]iai'l. Cirfiilai" and iirici'-iist (if 

 siitatl fruit and vegeiahl.- phiiilv, tree. COLD FRAME 

 CABBAGE for shippiim SmuiIi. :i!iii CranheiT\- plain-; a 

 speiialty. I. & L. LEONAIJD. lona, New Jf ishv. 



"C 



lONNECTIClTT QUEEN." Late Stiawlierry. 

 -' Larce, hiKh mialilv: THE prnlitic Circulars 

 free. W. N. H OftiHTALINCr, Seymour, Conn. 



STRAWBERRY PLANTC 



50 Bl<; BOB'S and 50 JAMES VICK'S' ur 100 

 JAMES VICK'S free hv mail for !«1.00. 



T. DIIRBIN, \Vee<lsport. New York. 



Bon and n.nst rroflt.blo LATE WHITE 



PEACH i r>O.0O0tr.'.'>,mc:ludiugk:i-iiQ,' 



^■ir\' li. - Wlllium'« Early Ked, oucof th« 



_^__-_^Ti.v. Ill"-' 'i'-ir:iMi' 'iirlv applet. Good sti-ck An- 



FDRD.^ Pb- Tri.-t-i* -i-'ra.iii^: iii.,st popular kinds. 



-r^^^= I" tirli Iflchiiionil, Montmorency, mi'I 



I A^^^P " ' ^ ''"'"■'' ("herrU-n. Griipca. Stniwher- 



L^^y^^ riv-^ K«f*pbcrrle*i, n'-w imd ulii.-r varii:-ti..s. 



"i^^^^^s "' -y ^T-i'M Anparaeup* root)*. Large 



^fc^ ^ il 'l'^ 'f"i "^ -!i:iile aittl ornamenUil m.-cs. Semi for 

 ^*-=^^^ i-:it:.lu[;iu'. S. K RoRerfi & Son. Mt. Hitllv. N. J. 



FIRE! FIRE! FIRE! 



iiii eiilii'e new in'tici'ws, 

 -eiit. of the lalior and 



sirau lierries Krown li\" 



which saves at least J5 i»er reil 



expense of riiltivatlon aiiiiually. It ii**sii . 

 «eets. \Ve<'ds, (irnsN Seeils. etc. Saves Uiinuer 

 etittiiie and resertiiie otlener than onre in eight 

 yeai**. 1 iia\t- iiic lai-aest and healthiest vines in 

 lids v.,ii,,ri, ;Liid til.- t..tal cost of fultivalluii h:LS been 

 les^ iliitii r»»A.OO pei* aere this spa-suu. I have for 

 sale liiiiulreds and Thousands m' STRA \VB KR R Y, 

 BL.A<'K AND Ri:i) RASPBERRY IM.ANTS, 

 my <i\vn growins. all warranted pure stock and No. I Plant* 



The above system free to evei-> piii-(*ha'»er ofSi*2 

 \V((i>th of plants : tn olliers SI. Send Im Prrce-Llsl 

 o1 plants and further particulars. 



T'Xl^SID XjjTJOI-A-, 



FLS SHI N<;.<;i:Ni:si:K('»rNTY, .MICHIGAN. 



WANTED 



EXEROETir, RELIABLE 

 in. Ml to sell Friiii Trees, 

 ^■rape Vin«'s. S h r ii b b« 

 Roses. tV<-. Salary and Expenses or Liberal Commissions 

 paid. Full inslniiiioiis ^ivi-n, so inf.\|)fiiciice(i men can 



"auUrAJidri^- J- F. Le Clare.Brighton, N.Y. 



GREENDALE NURSERIES !;,;,V'1;;7;',,';s'free! 

 1" pkK. a~<nii, ,1 rli.ii.-c Mowr —eiN. iinsl-|iaul, .'(Oo 

 1- a,Nsnrli-(l Xl-u- Iiiipuitrd (ihnliolus .j*i rents. 

 OSCAR CLOSE, WOKCESTEIC MASS. 



S TRAWBERRIES 

 And Mi,w CHOICE SMALL FRUITS. 



GREENHOUSE AND BEDDING PLANTS. 



ski: ii,i,rsTKATi:n catalooii:, fueb. 

 f*cn I Mil I CD Rii><;e"'ooi> .>xu«i;kies, 

 utU. L. lillLLtn, STOCKTON, ohio. 



