THE FARM AND GARDEN, 



©HE ©OULJFI^Y XjA^D. 



EGG FOOD AND CONDITION POWDERS. 



Those who manufacture egg foorts and condi- 

 tion powders simply take advantage of their 

 knowledge of the fact that farmers and others do 

 not feed their hens on a variety of food, or, 

 rather, that even when the fowls are liberally fed 

 a deficiency exists of some element, which, 

 thougli apparently insigniftcant, may be the 

 turning point l>etwe('n profit and loss. Hence, 

 knftwing tli;it linir is required for the shell, they 

 use ground bone (phosphate of lime), andground 

 oyster shells, or chalk (carbonate of lime) the 

 latter being added for its lime alone, and the 

 former for both lime and*phosphoric acid. As 

 but few persons allow salt to poultry, that sul> 

 stance is also ndil.d, and also iron in the shape of 

 copperas (sulphate of iron), or chloride or carbon- 

 ate of iron. The album. -n (white) of the egg is 

 provided for in the shapes of ground meat, dried 

 Dlood, linseed meal, and sliii>stuff. which is rich 

 in gluten. The yolk the farmer himself sujiplies 

 With corn, and it is usually left out by thi- manu- 

 facturers. Then a few ingredients are added 

 as tonics, such as ginger, linsee<l, and fenugreek, 

 the lattiT substance being cheap and excellent. 

 There is no enndition powder or egg food to riutke 

 hpns lay. The effect is to supply some particu- 

 lar want which the farmer omits, and they are 

 compounded so as to be efl'ectuai, for the reason 

 that all the wants are anticipated, and therefore, 

 if several are useless, the others will be just what 

 is desired. When purchased great virtues are 

 ascribed to them, while really some article used 

 as an ingredient (ground bone, for instance), 

 which may be bought for from three to five ceuts 

 per pound, may be the active agent which gives 

 fiuch good results. As we have repeatedly given 

 formuhis for condition powders and egg foods, 

 our readers may make their own at a low cost. 



[This article on egg food will easily save you the 

 pri/ic of the paper for three years. Please go to work 

 and {jet us a club of 12^ and we will give you the 

 paprr fur three years free. Do this quicks and oblige 

 — ^Kus.J 



punctured at dilTerent places for the hot air to 

 escape at points desired. It is not claimed that 

 such an arrangement will thoroughly heat the 

 quarters, but as a temperature above the freezing 

 point is all that is required, it will be found a 

 cheap and easy method of warming the houses. 



MARKETING EGGS AND FOWLS IN WINTER. 



Should eggs be sent to market without being 

 surrounded by some substance a^^ a packing tliev 

 will freeze and burst the shells should they be 

 overtaken by a sudden change In the weather 

 from warm to severe cold. Oats are excellent for 

 this purpose, as they serve to retain an even tem- 

 perature during fluctuations from moderate cold 

 to extremes. For certain markets, such as Phila- 

 delphia, the fowls are dry picked, undrawn, and 

 retain the head and legs. After i>icking them 

 they are plunged in cold water, there to remain 

 for an hour or two, which gives them a plump, 

 smooth appearance. For some cities, however, 

 the fowls are picked by scalding, and drawn, 

 which is much the cleaner method, but large 

 numbers arc ship^ied alive and in coops. ^Should 

 they beshijtped alive be careful not to cover !hcm, 

 as much loss ueeurs to them from such source, 

 they not being alhfwed to eat or drink, owing to 

 the competition of numbers, while the coop 

 becomes very tilthy, which freezes the feet, and 

 the fowls are iu poor condition when sold. A 

 coop of excellent birds may be sent to market 

 but owing to being crowded, and proper precau- 

 tions not being observed for their comfort, they 

 may not realize the best prices to be obtained. 

 During this season, instead of shipping to the 

 large cities, good markets will be found in the 

 email towns, which, being nearer the source of 

 supply, enables the shipper to save in freight 

 Whatever ditTerence there may be in prices 



LEGHORNS AS WINTER LAYERS. 



It is admitted by all that the Leghorns are the 

 best layers of any of the breeds of fowls, but the 

 main objections to them are small size, large 

 combs, and susceptibility to injury from extreme 

 cold. So accustomed are some to the supposition 

 that "Leghorns lay well when eggs are cheaji, 

 but are useless as winter layers," that few have 

 taken the trouble upon themselves to be satisfied 

 on that point. 



In order to give the Leghorns a fair opportunity 

 of redeeming themselves from such unjust 

 charges, we have tried several experiments, be- 

 gining last winter and continued this season, the 

 tests for the previous year, however, being made 

 at our suggestion by an experienced poultrj^man. 

 The objection to the size of the Leghorns is out of 

 place, so far as egg production is concerned, it 

 being of no consequence whether a ?;ood laying 

 hen be large or small, but the advantage, how- 

 ever, of cost of keep is in favor of the small hen. 

 Up to the age of six weeks no perceptible ditler- 

 ence was noticed in the weight of Leghorn broil- 

 ers as compared with those of larger breeds, 

 while the ditference in weight, at the age of eight 

 weeks, between a Leghorn broiler and a Brahma 

 broiler was <»nly one ounce, both being treated 

 alike and fed on the same food. 



A flock of twenty white Leghorn hens were 

 selected for trial as winter layers. They were 

 provided with warm quarters, fed on food of the 

 best quality, and all the cenditions for favorable 

 results complied with. A dust bath, scratching 

 heap, pure water, gravel, ground bone, oyster 

 shells, and prot<'rtion from cold were furnished 

 them, while the houses were kept in the cleanest 

 and best possible «>rder. During January the 

 average number of eggs from eaeli hen was ±2; 

 during February, 21 ; during March, 19; and dur- 

 ing April, 2;^. As the Leghorns are non-sitters, 

 there was no disposition on their part to sit, and 

 they continued to lay until May, when the pn.n 

 duction ceased for a few weeks for recuperation. 

 The weather opening tine, they were given per- 

 lei-t liberty, and continued to lay until they 

 moulted in the fall. 



The present season ilitlerent conditions have 

 been observed, one iloek (»f ten being allowed the 

 privilege of a yard facing the north, (which is 

 very unfavorable), and another floek confined In 

 a house 10x10 feet, which is slightly warmed 

 with a single steam pipe. The frequent visits of 

 the first flock to the yards have resulted in their 

 combs becoming frozen, and they show no dis- 

 position to lay, while those confined are laying, 

 but up to this period sutticient time has noi 

 elapsed to give them a record. At one portion of 

 the seas<->n the temi>erature recorded twenty 

 degrees below zero, outside, though the tempera- 

 ture inside was forty degrees above, owing to 

 the artificial heat. 



The experiments will be further conducted 

 hereafter by dubbing a fiock. The comb of the 

 Leghorn is the greatest obstacle to winter laying, 

 and yet, strange to say, the breeders who make 

 the standard for Leghorns devote '2& points out of 



a possible 100 to the comb and wattles, while in 

 fact, the comb should be sacrificed for utility. 

 The experiments have demonstrated that under 

 favorable conditions the Leghorns make good 

 winter layers, and considering that they lay a 

 large number of eggs while so engaged", it will 

 pay at winter prices to furnish those conditions. 



Bkonze Turkey. 

 Bred by T. Walter i.i: Son, West Cheater, Pa. 



POULTRY SCRATCH I NGS. 



One dozen eggs now bring -^ emis in Philadel- 

 phia market. One dozen sultserii>ers lat 2.5 cents 

 each) will bring you the Faum axu Garden 

 three years. Is it worth the labor? 



Hatching This Month.— Do not attempt the 

 hatching of such chicks as Polish, Dorking, 

 Black Spanish, Hamburgs or Houdans this 

 month. The best breeds now are Cochins, Brah- 

 mas, Plymouth Rocks, Langhans and Wyan- 

 dott«s. 



Leave out discussions about feather markmga 

 and rulings at poultry shows, and the Farm and 

 Garden contains more actual poultry matter 

 than any poultry paper costing 81.25 a year. 

 Measure the type and see. 



Indications of Roup.— Should roup occur the 

 fowls will breathe hoarsely, a discharge flows 

 from the nostrils, and an intolerable odor will be 

 noticed in the poultry house. Inject the nostrils 

 with a few drops of a solutiun made by mixing a 

 teaspoonful of carbolic acid to one quart of water, 

 and allow a few drops to be swallowed. Feed on 

 nutritious soft food, giving each fowl a spoonful 

 of castor oil in the food, at night, but only once. 

 Every morning, until the fowl are better,' repeat 

 the infection, and give a pill made of three drops 

 coal oil, two drops tincture of iron, and five drops 

 paregoric, mixed with bread. 



Pnultrymrnandfvrry one interested in thr. subject wiU 

 be glad to know t/uit this month we have exteiuied the limits 

 of this deparfmeiU to page 16. 



Every oiw who thinks the poultry page well done, please 

 .«fnrf« club of 12 awl get the paper without the trouble q/* 

 renewing itfiw 3 years. 



OPEN SHEDS FOR POULTRY. 



Although a good warm poultry-house is one- 

 half the management, yet hens prefer a shed, 

 open to the South on one side, to closed quarters 

 during the day, though preferring the closed 

 quarters at night. As yards covered with snow 

 are almost useless during the winter season, it 

 will be found «)i great advantiige to have an open 

 shed, whicli serves the purpose of a covered yard, 

 thereby protecting the nens from dampness and 

 exposure to winds. It also serves as shade in 

 summer. A building 10 feet wide andl6 feet long 

 may be so arranged as to have a coop at one end 

 6 X 10, leaving the remaining space 10 x 10 for the 

 fowls to dust and scratch in. The feed, water, 

 and dust-bath may be under the shed, and if 

 some kind of litter, such as cut straw, chafl; 

 saw-dust, or even dry dirt, be placed over the 

 floor, and the hens compelled to scratch in the 

 litter for their grain food, they will keep in good 

 health and lay well. At night, when in the 

 closed portion, they will be but the warmer, as 

 the shed will partially protect from winds, and 

 the enjctymeiit of the open air without exposure 

 will be found much more favorable to them than 

 being enclosed entirely. 



HEATING A POULTRY HOUSE. 



A cheap method of heating a poultry house is 

 to use an ordinary stove,— a small cheap one will 

 answer,— and })lace an iron coil inside of it, one 

 end of the coil to be riveted iiear the bottom, 

 opening outside, while the upper end of the coil 

 should be riveted in the same manner near the 

 top. Gas ]^ipe may be attached to the upper end 

 of the coil, and the pipe made long enough to 

 rea^'h to any portion of the poultry house. The 

 cold air will enter the coil at the bottom opening, 

 become honted inside the coil and emerge from 

 the pipe atfaehed to the upper end of the coil. If 

 intended to beat m^ire than one apartment, the 

 pipe leading through the poultry house may be 



FANCY ?£t^E^"^nn 



M'.-uiiuu > arm aud GiinleQ. 



D PET STOCK FOR 



. rir-ireul.irto J. K. KOSS 

 Levelf Warren Co.* Ohio. 



T. WALTER k SONS, 



Breeders aud ShippiTs of i:>Il*_. _ _ 

 CATTLE. SHEEP, SWINK. POM.TKY 

 l>OG.S. Send stamp for fatalogue and Prices. 



WEST CHESTEK, 



— PENNSYLVANIA.— 



i:>IPKOVKD STOCK, 



YES. I have one of Johnson's Poultry 

 bonks— I sent for it. I own it, and 1 

 read a chapter in it every night before I 

 go lo bed- My hens are now the best pav- 

 ini: stock on' my farm. None are sick. 

 AH are laying. I liave made over five 

 liiiiuired flollnrs thus far, and the bu- 

 siii. -.s is just booniiiie. I have bou£;ht 

 up ilif morisaL'e on my neighbor's farm 

 ;i(i.l hi- will iiiive to git. I received all 

 mv inroniiatiiiii on poultry from the 

 I'oiiltrv B-.nk sent ont by GEO. M. 8. 

 J0HN80N, BlKdJiAMTox, N. Y., tnr 25 cents. The <Mie 

 chapter, "Keeping povUtry on a iar^e scale." with plans 

 tor movable houses, is w<jrlh S24.19 to any man keeping; 

 fowls. See my advertisement pa^e 18 January number. 



PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 



I uiTL-r a few Choice Birds bred troni prize slock. 

 E. B. OWENS, BALTI3IOKE, I>Id. 



HIGH CLASS POULTRY AND PIGEONS. Best varieties of 

 Fine Birds birds at moderate prices. Sf lul stamp for 

 large illiistraled circulars. R. Vanderhoven, Rahway, N. J. 



The ponltry "ads." in this paper during three 

 years will contain enough int'orinatlon to be 

 ^vortli ilie iroiible of eettioK um VZ subscribers. 

 You n'ill b<-nffit our advertisers, yoursell* the 



rieopie whom you induce to take the paper, and 

 astly, the publishers of this paper. 



PCDBATORS J 



^^ thpm. Send for descriptive ci. 

 JOSEPn I. BAT£S <& CO, 



BATES' Improved 



are tho best. Bsizes.SlS 



lo :sioo. 100 to 1000 



ep^rs. Warranted. All 



BREKI)EBSof PmiLTRTUBe 

 Send for descriptive circulars and testimonials. 

 . . . WEYMOUTH, MASS. 



W. 0. DAKIN, Toledo, 0., 



Imported 

 ^ , , . „ ' . , and Hunie- 



hredLANCi.SHANS/i'horouithbredWYANDOTTES 

 Handsome Circular free. Mention Farm anuUarukx. 



The best in America. The 

 finest strains ot this. -omntry 

 njiiU'd Willi Recent Importations 

 from .Unjor Crond, of En-land. Egf, !4'i,.>0 for 13, 

 $4.50 lor *^ti. teend for circular of BKST Incubator 

 and Brooder. Add.,J. L. Harris, CInnaminsoa. N.J. 



LANGSHANS. 



THE I*EFIFECT 



HATCHER AND BROODER 



Isthe Leafline niiil Srniiilniwl Apparatus of the 

 » orld for Hali-liiiiK ami liaisine Poultry. It is 



siii]]ile and eusv 1.. miiiiHi;!'. Ahschilolv Reliable, Per-: 



l.-rtly sell-remilaling, iiiiil iii-v.-r i;ul< i,, luitch. I 



PERFECT HATCHER CO., 



Be sure and mention thli paper. ELMIRA, N. Y. 



INCUBATORS^ 



> TheSWIDfJ'MOOepgs 

 tift'il.OO. Different sizes. 



„ i„- — -- 'Never fails. Sent on trial. 



C. VV. SATIDGE, 23i4 Huntingdon St. Phllad'a. Pa. 



INCUBATORS 



AND POULTRY SUPPLIES 



OP EVERT DESCRIPTION. 



Mills for CTinding Bones and Oyster Shells, Imperial 



Egg Food for Fowls, Drinking Fountaina, Feeding 



Trays, Wire Netting, Eg^s for Hatching, &c. 



ALSO MANUFACTURERS OP 



ASIATIC POULTRY CURE, 



A SURE CURE FOR Al L ERUPTIONS ON POULTRY. 



FELZ <Sc OO., 



103 S. Second St., Philadelphia, Pa. 



vv^/^C''V^/^<v^/^/^>^>^y^/^/^/\A>^/v^ A/\ -^ 



Practical Poultry Boot 



loo pagi-s; beautiful COLORED 

 PLATE; en^ravinps of ni^arly all 

 kinds of fowls; plans for pnultry 

 houses; how to caponizc; informa- 

 tion aliout incubaturs. Descriptions 

 of tlie breeds, and where to buy 

 them. Ej^gs from Itestslutkat 51.50 

 per sitting. Bo"k sent for ic cents, 



ASSOCIATED FANCIERS 



337 S. Eig h th St., PkUaeUiphJA. j 



