THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



Oi^6HAr?D AND Small Fi^uits 



HYDE'S KEEPER. 



This new apple orijiinaliMi in i 'oluinbia CDunty^ 

 Ohio, and is un accidental scrdlins found in a 

 fencecorner. Hence, our readers will see that it 

 is not ti seedling of line >;arden culture, that will 

 prove poor in orchard culture, as many oC the 

 more finely-^ntwn seedlinixs do. The anple, us 

 ■will be seen by the cut, which is re(hu*ed about 

 one-half, is very Iarj;e. The cut was niaiU^ from 

 a specimen that was over twclvi in<*hes in cSr- 

 cumfen'uce, and wei'^hed eltjh. ounces. The 

 form of the apple is roundish obhde. and, as tlie 

 cut shows, the sides are uneven. This apple may 

 best be described as enuallnj; in size the I-allawa- 

 ter and the beauty of color of the Maiden's Btusli 

 and K.valt. We can say of this new apple, that 

 we knov of no upple of nuerappearance than the 

 Hvde, and ii. -lua-.ty we consider it very jj;ood. 

 We are testing the variety on our grounds, and 

 find it to be n jrood grower, witli slim uprl;;hl 

 branches, and *li" leaf Is covered wltii a whit<' 

 down that gi.is the leaf a sini^ularly wliitish 

 appearance. "We shall have more to say <if tills 

 apple upon a more extended trial. We are test- 

 insi a large nnmi>er of apples, ami we sliall jrive 

 notes, as they come into .)earin^, as to their value 

 and productiveness. The Hyde is said to l»e a 

 g«Ktd, but not an early ticarer; and from wiial wi* 

 see of it, will retiuire a heavy soil, or at least one 

 rich in potash. 



Keep the surface soil of newly-set trees mellow. 

 The soil will not get so dry when mellow. Keep 

 all grass and weeds away. A bucketful of water 

 in a dry season will pay lor the trouble. Tlie 

 more you care for your trees the more they will 

 prosper. 



The Baldwin Apple.— A correspondent of 

 Massachusetts Plmujltman says this was a wild- 

 ling found near Wilmington, Mass., by Samuel 

 TlKjmpson, of Woburu. Grafts were taken to 

 Abijali Tliompson, whose neighbor, Col. Baldwin, 

 subsequently distributed theiu. 



The rust on gooselierries will usually disappear 

 if the bushes are thinned, and the old wood 

 taken out, and the soil well pulverized around 

 them, the grass removed, and liberally manured 

 with tine manure and ashes. The berries will 

 show avast change in both quantity and quality. 



If you intend to forget to train your grape vines 

 next month, and trim them after it is too late, or 

 not trim them them at all, as is sometimes the 

 (.ase, it would be better to do it now, although 

 late.- would do as well. For tea" you may forget 

 it you had best attend .oit the ^rst pleasant day. 

 That is the wa..' to lie '^ureof i;, and have it done. 



Plant all your early applcj. \i\ the hog lot near 

 1 the house; your fruit will be finer and hardy for 

 use. The hogs will consume the fallen 

 worms and all, aiul in a few years youi 

 will be almost tree from worms. 'When late 

 apples and early apjues are planted near each 

 other, the e.i ly ai)ples make the late apples 

 wormy. Kvej) them apart. 



apple 

 api ■ 



« 



THE WINTER KILLED IT. 



By J. (t. Si'rrow. FishK-ifl, X. V 



When winter has pjissed away ami the llrst 

 days of spring appear, the fruit-grower and tliose 

 interested in horticulture, naturalli.' enough. goes 

 forth to examine the condition ot his orchards, 

 vineyards, et<'. He e.tmes to a Delaware vine or 

 it may be some i)t her variety subject to mildew; 

 lie r-uis through the bark to ascertain its condi- 

 tion, and he tlnds it black and dry. Heat once 

 decides that it has been injured by the winter, 

 witliout ever stopping to thi'^k ina' it might 

 have sullcred ironi some other ''ause Had he 

 paused for little ri'ilcction on the weati.e. during 

 the latter part of the past summei and called to 

 mind tlie wet and humlil atmosph.'re of .\ugust 

 tit' Several da>s iti succession, accompanied hy 

 scalding sunshine, followcvi ^ain by showers. 

 lie would Tio ilovibt have remembered the tact 

 that his vines were attacked by niiidew. and tliat 

 much of the foliage bad fallen at leaNl six weeks 

 before it shouhl, and before they had performed 

 the functions re<iuired by nature— that of ripen- 

 ing tile woo<l as well as the fruit. And here rests 

 the true cause of the so-called winter-killed vines, 

 for when the leases are once ofl" no further pro- 



fress is nuide in ripening eitlier fruit or foliage, 

 here are also oilu-r eau.ses a.s well, that at times 

 produ'^e a similar injury ; exeessi\e diy weather 

 auring autumn at times injures the roots and 

 arrests the progress of storing the necessary 

 chemicals required to properly ripen the wood, 

 or excessive wet and warm weather in late 

 autumn. lolUnved by sudden and se\"ere cold, 

 with little or no frost in the ground, finds the 

 plant in an unripe condition; the wood filled 

 with thin, watery sap and unprepared for severe 

 ■weather, and injured <'anes are the result. Had 

 the season been a regular one the plant would 

 have In-en properly ripened and thereiore pro- 

 nounced hardy. But this damage is not usually 

 discovered until spring, and therefore the blame 

 rests upon tlie Frost-King. The same may alsp 

 be said of pea<'hes. raspberries, and many other 

 forms of vegetable life. 



' The Wild (ioose plum is a very prolific and 



' valuable variety for the South. We saw an or- 



I chard of Wild (ioose plums in (ieorgia four 



years planted tiiat had netted the <»wner ?250 per 



acre Irom one crop. They bear finely in that 



climate, and are very salable. In the more 



J Northern stales tlie cold injures the fruit buds, 



1 and they are seldom proline. 



! Among the hardy apples suited for the North- 

 west, on account of hardiness, we should name 

 l>uchess of (Uderiburg Vel'ow Transjiarent. Hed 

 Aslrachan, Summer Harvey, lUni .luni-. Sweet 



! June, Famense, Fall Orange, Wcallhv, Haas, 

 (jrimcs Golden I'lppin, Wilfow Twig, IVnnock, 



I WallbridgCj IVwauke and Wolf RiV4'r, These 



; liave been tound to be hardy and reliable. 



Wc give from time to time, cuts of the best and 

 most desirable fruits, with a description of them, 

 with an act-ount ofMiiland section in which they 

 succeed best. This is a new feature in Pomologl- 

 cul Journals, and we are glad we can aid the 

 reiwfer in a knowledge of the dillerent fruits, and 

 the probable value to litm in his own section. 

 We believe in being practical, and write for pruc- 

 tleal people. 



If the trees you set this spring are large and 

 not well nioted. set them deeply, and pack the 

 dirt as solid as possible arountl llie roots which 

 sliould be carefully spread out, and the ends of 

 the roots set so tlie tree will be braced by the 

 roots. By deep planting the trees will get more 

 moisture, and will be firmer in the soil, and will 

 not blow over and be lost. Well-rooted, plant 

 the same as they were in the nursery. 



The Moticeilo, Virginia, Farmer^ says (tf the 

 yield of grapes:— "The first crop of Concord and 

 Ives (Vines two years planted i. will average four 

 )>ounds to the vine, the N()rt«Mi and (_>-nthia 

 about the same numlxT of pounds. The IVentiss 

 he cstinntles the yield at ;V)(K) to -HKX) pounds per 

 acre." At the number of vines reported, tCiO per 

 acre will make the yield of the I'rentiss to aver- 

 age over five and a half and six pounds per vine. 



The Belltlower apple is yet successfully eulliva^ : 

 ted where the soil is low and moist. We knt>w 

 of a few trees that nroduced in a soil of tlnit kind ' 

 one hundred barrels of apnles, and were sold for 

 three hundred and fil^y dollars. In dryer soils 

 they failed to produce a crop. The Bellnower is , 

 \y<HiT in pollen, and frequently bears better when 



planted near any variety rich in poUen. We 

 have much that can be observed with profit in 



fruit growing. 



C. W. Griggs, Williamsport, Pa., asks if the 

 Kieffer and Le Conte pears can be grown from 

 cuttings set in tlie spring, the same as grape 

 vines'? Answer: Last year we set abcut filty 

 Kietter cuttings, to see if they would strike root 

 We bad no rain for weeks, and could not give 

 them a fair trial, but some of them are alive yet 

 and we tiiink most of them would have grown ii 

 the season had been favorable. We shall try it 

 again. Tlie Le Conte does not do as well North 

 as the Kiefler, but takes root more readily. 



Quince trees are hrnefittcd by salt. A half- 

 peek spread evenly as tar as the roots reach, per- 

 haps a circle of ten feet, will be a good fertilizer. 

 Do not put it in a heap at the butt of the tree, for 

 that will probably kill the tree. Never put man- 

 ures around tlie l)Utt, always spread evenly. 

 There are no roots that feed the tree near the butt, 

 and the manure is wasted. The feedjng roots are 

 very wide-spread. l)o not make a manure heap 

 around it, and think you have d<me a wise thing. 



Be sure and plant elierries in a well-drained 

 soil. Standing water will kill cherry trees very 

 \ quickly, especially as soon as tliey begin to bear. 

 , A drained soil will insure healthy trees. We 

 know of a black Tartarian cherry tree thirty 

 years old and healthy, that was planted in a dry 

 j soil near the kitchen, where it received the slops 

 I from the kitchen, and bears abundantly. WhUe 

 ) a dozen others planted near it died for the want 

 I of a similar treatment. A dry soil and irriga- 

 tions make tlie healthiest cherry tree. 



We regret we have to announce to our readers, 

 the deatli, on Sunday, January IStli, of that good 

 man and great nomologist, Charles Downing, of 

 Newburg, New York. ^Ir. Downiug's name is 

 known as the greatest authority in fruit of any 

 in the Unitetl States, perhaps we may also say of 

 the world. His work on "Fruit and Fruit Trees 

 of America"' will long be the standard work on 

 American Pomology. Mr. Downing rea<'hed the 

 ripe age of 82 years, and closed a long life of use- 

 fulness. Few men are so well known and so 

 much appreciated during life as was Charles 

 Downing. 



AVe liave made some iiK[uiries about the Kiefier 

 pear, in the Philadclpliia market**. We find the 

 opinion well established, both among the whole- 

 sale dealers and retail dealers, tliat the Kieffer 

 l)car has come to stay. The sales are increasing, 

 and as we unce said, the pear as it became in use, 

 its value would be better appreciated. The , 

 quality was pronounced by all tiiose who kept 

 stands on the streets, as good, wlien fully ripe 

 and nielh)w, and gave g<»od satisfaction to con- 

 sumers. We have no interest in the pear or any 

 other truit we describe in otir columns, nor do 

 we wish to have, but rather give our readers the 

 facts, and let them think for themselves. 



Tlie experience of a very successful strawberry 

 grower has proved with liim that land plaster, 

 when applied to the strawberry bed, makes the 

 berries more brilliant, though lighter in color. 

 Nitrate of soda applied at tlie rate of one hun- 

 dred and fifty pounds per acre, will largely 

 increase the size of the leaves and berries, but at 

 the expense of the flavor and firmness. The 

 Wilson will grow where the nitrate of soda Is 

 used with much larger leaves and longer foot- 

 stalks, that will keep the fruit from the sand and 

 scald, and make a brighter-crolored berry, yet 

 will be firm enough to ship. While the Sharpless, 

 treated the same way, will be so luxuriant in 

 foliage that the berries will fail to ripen, and be 

 too soft f<tr shipment, and insipid in tlavor. High 

 grade sulphate of potash improves the flavor, 

 color, and firmness. The phospliate increases 

 the yield. 



FRUIT NOTES. 



If you liave not already done it, do not forget 

 to give the blackberries and raspberries a little 

 manure. More will not hurt them. 



Cut all apple and other limbs, in pruning, close ; 

 such woods heal soonest, and make, the liealthi- 

 €St tree. I-ong knots left in trimming are un- 

 sightly and injurious. 



Take pains in setting trees, and you. save stak- 

 ing. Only a few trees, like the Limbertwig, if 

 well set, need any staking. It may be said a tree 

 veil set is well staked. 



John M. Mere.litli, Klwood. N. .1.. asks if the 

 flowers cif tile i|ninc4' are perfect, tliat is, if the 

 male and I'emale parts of tlie fltiwersare found in 

 the same blossom. Answer: Yes; the quince 

 belongs to the order of Rosacea', and like the rose 

 has perfect flowers. 



wm ^ P P O P**** ^Prins PloDtiDff. 



■ B^ ^" ^^ ^^ Wc offer thr largest and most 



* "^ ^^ ^^ ^^ complete gcueral stock in the 



R^\ j2 p ft ^*- ^-- besides many Ifoveltle*. 



\^ ^9 ^ ^ Priced Catalogues as follows: 



GRIPE VINES n"-.T;et-.;;?:"N^.'3.Si 



Ulini L IllIkU Fruits. No. 4. \\ hr,le>i.le. No- 5, 

 Roses, free. ELLWAN<.EK & BARKY, 



Mt. Hope Nunieries, Kochester, N. V. 



1^ WOODRX7FF — « 



Red grapE 



Tlii>. veil lari.-)' ami li;ui<l<uiiu' IIV.U liUWV, 



is now oll.-iv.l lor the lil^t tiiii.-, witlmut lf-:>tt ioliolis. A 

 seeillilie of Cuikmii'iI. |ifi'tt'<-lly linrdv ; KARLY 

 anil i:X(EEDlNr;l,V I'ROFITAULl;. Slnck ti,i,- 



Uf:d. Parlies wishing L-ilht-r It) prupaiiati- or lilaiit lor 



Iruit.HhouIdap- Tuart II Qpntt ANN ARBOR, 

 Illy at uiwe lo tVan 11, 0(.UII, MicbJBnii. 



WHOLESALE DEALER IN SMALL FRUIT PLANTS OF ALL KINDS 



^SEE MY ^3-00 IIjISI" OF 



SMALL FRUITS f#« 



npppipC^ti'l ''i'"*'}/ them can b« 



^^■■"^ DLnniLO grown if (/ou follow our 

 ■i^ ■ ^^ method. Free Catalojfue describes all 

 varieties. HATiE BROS., So. Glastonbury, Coim. 



-5s^ 1,8S3.9SS 



-'C'\ 8*'awberry, Ratpberrv. Black- 

 Tf : ^y berry, Curranlt, Grapet, 



-^ O iJi\ Includhifj tlic ulil f-.|..-,l an, I u<v. 



-:-- \Jk ^^ TiiriLtit- Mtty KIiiie. MbfI- / 



■^ ^ b<ir«, Kurly I'luHter. Fny, ' 



' C" : !N i u K 11 r II, Coiii4?t. K tcffer, 



^ - Friuh 



fM, Ac 



^eiid for 



>ioiei 

 S.Cc 



John S. Collins, Mooreslown, N.J. 



USE. 



An cxceeilliiirly liberal offer, u-,- a laree assortment .if all the 

 !New and >>tiiiidnrd Stnull FniltH and f^rape VlneH at 

 piipuf'tr jTi-' ^. IlluHtrnttrd I>i't<,-rlptive CataloyiiL' free. Addr'a 



"■ ~ Cornwall-on-Hudsog, I (Succknsok to 



New York. | K. P. ROE.) 



H. G. CORNEY," 



ii/E ie: :e3 o X3: ' s 

 PROLIFIC QUINCE 



' The most celebrated of all giiinres. Kndorsed by all 

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 , I'VtTNlhiiit; t'» he JmiuhI in ;t lii>l-.-la>s rnirscr\. A sur- 

 phiMot PLUM TREES AND CAROLINA POPLARS wi:i be 

 , sold cheap tiy the liunilind and lti<nis;uid lu clear the 



i ground for buildint; purposes, seml lor I'rirc-liMt and 

 l>e!>>ci'iptive Cntalogue, Adll^e^•-. 

 WEST JERSEY NURSERY CO., 

 R, D. COLE, Secfy. Bridgelon, N. J. 



550.000 CRAPE VINES 



mt Varieties. Also Small Fniit» 



chcuii. Illuatiated descriptive inice list free. 



Qualitv unsurpassf'ti. Warranted tnie to name. Very 

 LEWIS ROESCH, Fredoula, N. *. 



