THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



HAVE AN APPLE ORCHARD. 

 By On/tnnli.if. 



An apple orchard is not made in a day ; it is a i 

 thing of slow growth. Many conditions are ne- | 

 cesisary, and several of these must be right, before j 

 the worl^ of setting the trees is done. The site is i 

 of prime importance. A tlioughtfiU person who I 

 contemplates building a house, is quite sure lu 

 look the ground over carefully, and locate the . 

 building where it will be most healthful and | 

 command a pleasing outhmU. In like manner, j 

 the land needs to be naturally suited to the > 

 growth of fruit trees. Never choose low, cold, ; 

 spongy land for an orchard. A clay bottom to ' 

 the soil is excetlent. The soil should be in a con- 1 

 dition to grow a good crop of corn. If it is not 

 naturally rich, make it fertile by using an abuiid- 1 

 ance of barnyard manure. It is a fatal mistake' < 

 to set fruit trees out in a meadow or pasture. A 

 growing soil is not congenial to newly set trees. 

 A man should know that a certain field is to be | 

 made into an orchard for at least three years 

 before the trees are set. During this time have j 

 the soil under thorough cultivation. Let hoed 

 crops be raised for two years, and abundantly 1 

 manured. This will bring the land under thor-, 

 ough tillage before the trees are set. It must be 

 remembered that deep stirring of the soil near 

 the trees is out of the question, after the orchard 

 is planted, 



With the soil deep, rich, and mrllow. much is 

 secured towards a good orchard. The next thing 

 is the selection of the trees. The number of good 

 varieties is large, and thegri*atesl difficulty is in 

 knowing what to leave out of the list. If the 

 trees are for family use, you must consult the 

 tastes of the family. There should be some early 

 trees, some fall apples and many good keepers 

 for the long winter. If the orchard is tor market 

 fruit, you need to learn what the demand of the 

 market will he. Fine looking apples are good 

 market apples. Fine tasting apples are best for 

 home use. Consult your neighbors, especially 

 the one who has been the most successful with 

 his orchard. Visit him, and if convenient, help 

 him to eat some of his best fruit. Nearly all 

 books on orchard making, give full lists of the 

 early, medium and late sorts. It is always best 

 to rely upon old, well-established sorts for the 

 znaia crop. Novelties need to be only sUmly 

 represented. It is nearly always unwise to pur- 

 chase trees from pleasant-spoken tree peddlers, 

 who are st wingers. They show tine fruit in highly 

 colored pictures, while the trees are very apt to 

 be thin (ilose stock, sold at a low ju-iee by nursery- 

 men, half of which may not come true to name, 

 and the other half have no names. Buy the 

 stock direct from some reliable nurseryman. It 

 is well to buy the trees wiien they are small, and 

 Bet them in rows for a season or two. Young 

 trees do not sustain so many injuries as old ones 

 in the hands of the nursery workmen. j 



An orchard is set to produce fruit, not fire wood, , 

 therefore, be sure and give the trees sufficient 

 room to spread. If set in squares, they should 

 not be nearer than forty feet. In setting the trees, 1 

 care should be taken that the roots are spread 

 out on all sides, equally, and that the fine soil is 

 pressed down closely upon them. Make a plot of 

 the orchard as soon as set. The labels soon get 

 lost and cannot be depended upon. The plot or 

 chart shows the position and variety of each tree. 

 Cultivate the ground for five or ten years, but not 

 late in the season. Look for borers in the trunks. 

 near the earth, and kill when found. Destroy all 

 other insect pests, and expect good returns for 

 many years. 



STRAGGLING NOTES FROM OREGON 



S}j J. J. Harden, •Sfftf/ton, Oregon. 



Wheat is as forward here about tiie 2iith o* luay 

 as it is in southern Kansas, where the writer 

 formerly resided. A month later it is in shock 

 there, while here, harvest i-omes about the mid- 

 dle of August. Because wheat ripens so early, is 

 the reason that WiUiamette Valley wheat is con- 

 sidered the best, and commands the highest 

 price of any that reaches the London markets. 



Persons coming here generally expect not to be 

 able to grow corn even for the table. It does not 

 ripen sufficiently well to be profitable for feeding 

 stock. It, like wheat, is very slow in ripening, 

 and a specimen will be in perfection for the table 

 for a month, or more, and early varieties do not 

 always mature. For that reason we have " roast- 

 ing ears "for a much longer season and of a 

 superior quality to those of our Eastern friends. 



Potatoes, and especially root crops and cal)bage, 

 are profitably grown for feeding stock, although 

 cattle generally, even milch cows, are pastured 

 on wheat during winter, and most of the hogs are 

 fattened on wheat. Cauliflower and celery grow 

 successfully. Early beans and peas can be had 

 without intermission until frost. Cucumbers do 

 moderately well, while tomatoes do not ripen so 



well ; still, they are to be found In every garden. 



Small fruits do exceedingly well. Besides 

 gooseberries and currants, the strawberry and 

 raspberry, both kinds, and blackberries, includ- 

 ing the native and evergreen, are equally hardy 

 and prolific, and the season of the one running 

 into am.ther. until frost checks the continuous 

 blooming of the latter. For the growth of small 

 fruits, cherries, plums, pears and quinces, consid- 

 ering hardiness, prolificness and freedom from 

 disease and insect ravages, there can be no better 

 place than this Valley. 



A company is being formed here to grow and 

 can fruit. Each member grows ten acres, or 

 more, of fruits, and owns .stock in the company. 

 It is expected that members from the East will 

 be admitted into the Association. 



In the flower garden, pansies violets, daisies, 

 ten-week stocks, fuchsia, anemones, and other 

 jjlants that require a lower temperature, succeed 

 admirably, while cannas, tuberoses and other 

 plants from the tropics need pampering. A rose 

 will retain its perfection three times as long here 

 as in the Mississippi Valley, and^ all the ever- 

 bloomers are not only hardy. iSut evergreen. 

 Broad-leafed evergreens and English ivies are 

 hardy, while the long list of provokingly half- 

 hardy shrubs and trees that we used to admire — 

 in print, find a congenial home here. 



YELLOWS IN THE PEACH. 



By J'>hn McLfcm. 



From a series of observations and experiments, 

 I had adopted the opinion that the yellows in the 

 peach, and the knot in the pium, were pr<»paga- 

 ted by the bees and other insects, through the 

 medium of the blossom. The first item of inter- 

 est that led me to espouse this belief, was the cir- 

 cumstance of the sprouts from the roots of a 

 common pie-cherry tree, the stem of which had 

 been grafted with the sweet cherry, resisting the 

 knot until the blossoms had furnished a means 

 of conveyance for the diseased virus, while the 

 sprouts from other ungrafted trees of the same 

 kind growing near by were literally covered with 

 knots, in all stages of development. The fact of 

 the sprouts from the root of this tree being per- 

 fectly healfchy and free from the knots, while 

 they were not too young to bloom, the stem being 

 of the variety known as Jersey Sweet, and inca- 

 pable of transmitting the disease to the roots, 

 and becoming affected afterwards, would seem to 

 argue or prove the blossoms to be the true means 



of access to the disease. Accordingly, reas^:-ning 

 from this inference, if I could procure some peach 

 and plum trees from a variety in which these 

 diseases were unknown, and then immediately 

 set to and eradicate every tree that showed signs 

 of being affected with the yellows or the knot, or 

 that were in anyway predisposed to the same, I 

 could, by this means, baffle these diseases, and 

 raise up for myself a stock of healthy trees that 

 would yield crops of fruit equal to what had for- 

 merly been accomplished. 



Buthowever true this may be with reference to 

 the knot in the plum, my experience proves that 

 with the yellows in the peach, it will not hold 

 good. Desiring to put this view to a practical 

 test, I sent away to Carthage, Mo., for a bill- of 

 peach trees, both natural and budded, having 

 learned that these diseixses had not yet readied 

 the borders of the extreme Western States, in- 

 tending the natural seedlings to raise seed for 

 stock, wiiile the budded trees W'Ou'd furnish buds 

 for the same; but unfortunately for the success 

 of this enterprise, as well as to n^y grevious dis- 

 appointment, most of the trees received from 

 abroad were planted in places, or near, wher^ 

 other peach trees having tho yellows had stood. 

 The consequence is that out of fifty seedling 

 peach trees from abroad, and as many more 

 budded ones, not one dozen trees are left to sur- 

 vive the second year of their planting. That the 

 yellows, in most of these cases, were communica- 

 ted to these trees by means of a small parasite in 

 the ground where the diseased trees stood, is my 

 firm belief. That the blight in tlie pear tree is 

 communicated in the same way, in some cases, 

 is equally true, (if this I have abundant evidence 

 in the blighting of a number of pear seedlings in 

 the nursery row, over which a blighted pear tree 

 stood, while the other seedlings at a distance 

 were entirely exempt. That budded or grafted 

 trees, ol certain varieties, might blight under 

 similar circumstances, without any connection 

 witii the blighted tree, may well be supposed; 

 but, that natural seedlings should do so, is not at 

 all likely. 



We thank our friends for the many kind ex- 

 pressions of the valueof The Fakm and Garden. 

 We appreciate their cheering words, and shall do 

 all we can to make it worthy of the favors it 

 receives. Many promise to add to the list of sub- 

 scribers they have already sent us, and we extend 

 to them our thanks. We Intend to make The 

 Farm and Garden the cheapest and best paper 

 for the farmer. 



GAINS '" ^rint^ff PreHttcM. Type, Cardx rf- Scrap Pifture. 

 Sfn<} stamp. GITHESSit BliO..Box \ii1i'2,Phila.,Pa. 



roil IT MHTCC MdNTHI.Y: SOc. a y cur and PLANT 

 rnUII llUI to Premiums; copy free. ShortsviUe. N. Y. 



TUC PDCAT NEW QITINCE, "MCECH'S PfiO- 



int UltCAl Line." S.Mfi f4>r^irciilui-. Largest 



stock of [iriilberrv in the eountry* Catalu^ties Free. 



HAMCE & BORdEN. Rumsoti MurserJes. RED BANK. H. J. 



NiACiAKA WnlTE GRAPE. BIARLbORO Ra;:pbeiTy. 

 H. S. A.NUEKPON. Union Spnii;;^. N.Y. Catalogue /rf*- 



J 



SEEDS 



GARDEN GUIDE, just p.iDiisiKd, 

 FREE to all. I'»-'^t vanetieB at low 

 prices, Yuu outrht to have it. COLE 



,&BRO.. Seedsmen, Pe la, Iowa. 



GUNS 



Send 2 cent stamp for catalogue of *{3f" 



Address, Rciiiiie. Allisoii & Co., 



Phlluflelpliia, Penna. 



inn LAIltiK Fancj Advertising Cnrd«. all differ- 



lUU em. for m els. CAKD WOKKS, Monlpellt-r. Vl. 



TREE SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS. 



GRAPE VINES and SMALL. FRUITS. 



Ilfuvy StoeL. (irc-itt VarK-ty, Low I'rict-N. Frt-e t'uta- 

 loffuc. J. JENKINS, ^'Inonm t'olumbluna Co.. Ohio. 



FOUR 



m ported (■ermuii Cliromoi ^ufl 100 Fliic^crftn 

 'ifture* l-r 10<*. <■. '■ UK I'lY. SYRACISE. N. Y. 



Rin PAV I''<>i~ Ititindii'-jii^^ BUCKEYE CHURN. 

 DIb rni Address,. BUCKEYE CHURN CO., Dundee. Mich. 



200 



New Scrap Pictures and A^fnt's Album of Samples 

 mailed t\>rlOc. U.S. CARD L"0„ Ceiiierbrook. Conn. 



SEEDS AND PLANTS 



BUY THE 



BEST VARIETIES AT LOW PRICES. 



CATALOGUi: FRISZ:. 



A. E. SPALDING, AINSWORTH, IOWA. 



Hybrid CLEMATIS. 



Tlj.. iii.i^l lic.iiililiil ol all llAKKV I'l^llUJING 

 PLANTS. SM'otie Knots . mi be sent nnfely by 



moil. Send lur uiir I Uiisti-aled CiUal-iu'Ue. 



J OSEPH KIFT , West Chest er, Pa. 



SENI> lo KINO & CO.. Owriio. N.Y.. ft.r r„tali>Kue 

 ■M<\ Prii e List of CUSTOM HBND-IIIADt: HABMtSS. 



R.\N('(»<'AS; best early red riispberrv. STRAW- 

 ISi:KKIl;S--Mav King, best farlv: ('(iiineetieut 

 yne.ii, bi vl late. Wilson ,Tr. besi early ItMrUbrrry. 

 S. ('. I>r cor. Mooreslown. Burlinglon County, N. J. 



HARDY PLANTS 



AND 



;Tj; 



ROGERS' GARDEN SEEDS. 



All t.sir.l uni ini.- Iw iKime. Se.'ds i.i pii''uf| ■^-nt 

 Ivor by iiinil :■! ("italoi^iic piicts. CNivi i". Tiiiiotli>. 

 Orrlinrd, Il<>rd, jiihI linwn (■r:is--i at pri 



llie tniie-;. St-nd "" ~ """ -^-»««-.. 



lor ratal. 



■r<I, iiiifl li:i>vn <,r:iSM at pri<-fs ii, siiii 



CR RRPrRC SEEDSMAN. 141 Mar- 

 . O. rtUbLnd, itei street. Phila.. Pa. 



All tliebesf varieties, to^ftlicr wiili many iinveltios, 

 will be tbiind in our Dewcrl|»tivf Ca(alogui% at low 

 rates. Sent free to all ai>pliraiitH. 



\VOOI.-SON & t'O., Lock Diawer E, Passaic, N. J. 



n,-..t :.„.) T^ir.., |,r.-.tit..i.i- LATE WHITE 



PEACH: r.».<HlOTri.>-,iii>hi,lingk-a(ims 



^ . I II WiliiiuirM Karly Kt(l. ..ncorthe 



li'-- ir.ii'l^' I iiK UppIeH. (i'"i(i st'.-ck Ap- 



I'rccM, iniiir.L.iiii: iiuisc |ii'[>iilar kinds. 



> If iciiiiinnil. Montmorenoy, aod 



..'■■.,. r . < i'lirrrU'H. 4wrup<.'N, Strtiwbcr- 



rif«. Ifa-»pt>errle»». n'w -'I'l'l "I-I't ^u^i.Mjes. 



pl(),ii(M) 'J-vi:Lr-iiM A»tpnrn|EU« poot*. Large 



stock sluide and nrnamentiil iroes. Siiirt r«r 



catalogue. S. E Rogers i; Son. Ml. Hollv. iN. J. 



SEEDS, O 

 PLANT W c'.i-n. Welcome Oat.s,Seed Potatoes, 



AlAs <;AIM>EN 1ft 



niOICK PLANTS. ^1 ftft 



viz.:- 1 Camellia, -''nhle. white; 1 Azalea. dmihiM. wliite; 

 1 Daphne Odora; I Hydrangea, wliiie; 1 Olea Fragrans; I Double 

 Abutllon; I Ampelopsis Veitchli. hardv 'limiH-r: ( Rose Mrre- 

 chal Nell; 1 Rose Bon Silene; I Cape Jasmine. I'l-eininms uiili 

 tv>-i'. order, pnhf I UalliHou Seedsman and Florist, 

 Cat.lree. Ad. "ODl. J- nanmay, Baltimore City, Md. 



OK\'-\MENT.\I> 'iri.l Fruit Trcc-s. Grape Vine^, Plants. &c. 

 RRTINISPORAS. ARBOR-VITiE. 

 JITNIPERS. tfcc. for transphintintr. KIEFFER 

 and oilier Pear Ti'ee"*. pxira sizes, f'ataloiines tree. 

 CHAS. B. HORNOK, Hit. Holly, N, J. 



Ii(?st Cabbatie, Sweet Corn, Peas, 

 ■^(luasli, rnrnip. Ensilage Corn, Field 

 < orn. Welcome Oat.s, Seed Potatoes, 

 oilier vpcfiiihie and Muwer seed, jnelndintc best novelnes. 

 ROSES! ROSES! Verbriias in quaiitiiies. Car- 

 nations, neraniiimiii. (;ri)|><>. Strawberry, and 

 Siiinll Fruit Plnnts, wholesaleand retail, t'aialogrues 

 Free. 0. E. ALLEN. Bratileboro, Veriiiont. 



POTATOKS, manv new varieties, choice new seodlinec, extra 

 fine, and ereut yielders. No equals Inr htaiity or .■arline^s now 

 known. Al'o.KodeV Sweet Corn, for tliivor. lcndorne&^. juicy, 

 sw.'et and siijiarv, be--t in the world, cars large as Stowell's. Fit for the 

 tal.tc 60 davs from planting. Also Welcome Oats, nnd many new 

 vuriciios of grain, etc. CATALOGIK Free. Xddre^s. / 

 ALFRED KOSE, I»eiiii Van. Xew York. 



CRAFTS. STOCKS. TREES-EVEICVTHING 

 for Nurserymen, Fruit Crowers, ana Amateur*. 



STAUK NUKSEKIES, Louisiana. Mo. 51st year. 300 acrea. 



