8 



THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



lilYE SrnOGK. 



WhUe grain is cheap and meal dear, feed the 

 arain and aell meal. »'/«■« grain w drar sell grain. 

 Talk (Ut mile 11/ hard limes as possible. Business 

 will be dull, and i/rain liHi; as lung as people slop 

 work, and lament hard times. Come, let us cheer up, 

 and push ahead. 



CHANGING TO GRA SS IN SPBING. 



Although thp snow is on the ground in some 

 localities, yet tlic next month may be warm 

 enough to "start the grass in some sections, and 

 the first thing to he done by tlie farmers who 

 have plenty of pasture will be to turn out the 

 stock. Every spring we hear of the prevalence 

 of bowel diseases due to this cause. It will do no 

 harm to allow stock the privileges of the pasture 

 as early as may be desired, but there should 

 never be a complete change from winter feed to 

 pasture until the stock has been gradually 

 brought to pasturiige. The first day's pasturage 

 should not last over an hour, and no change at 

 all should be made at the stable. The sudden 

 change often causes abortion in cows and mares, 

 and enfeebles the ewes that are late in lambing. 

 On those farms where ensiUige ha.s been used 

 plentifully the stock will have less difflculty on 

 early pasture than when no succulent matter has 

 been fed, and the same may be said of those;far- 



I all times one should move among the colts, hand- 1 melting snow penetrates every portion and ear- 

 ning them quietlv, and without evincing any ries ofl all soluble material It may be consid- 

 iiug iiiem ^'"'f' • ' . ^. " • ered rather laborious, but it will pay to get the 



outward manifestations of tear, m th s « a.^ > "» manure spread as soon as possible, or elsl place 

 will soon gain their confidence. By kind treat- , j^ j^ neaps under cover. Absorbents will not 

 ment mules may be rendered the most docile , arrest the loss unless the manure is turned over 

 and afTectionate creatures among our domestic ; and mixed with it, and it will be money in the 

 animals. That shy, skittish disposition so com- | pocket to shovel the snow away from the barn- 

 mon in the mule, is much of it from mismanage- yaid altogether. 



,i.e>it and ill treitment She:ep AT THE Barn.— Although sheep should 



ment and 11 treatment, ,.„„„„ ' be kept at the barn duringwlnter, they should 



In breaking mules begin when the> are >oung, j never be closely confined. ' No matter how cold 

 handle them gently, but firmly, avoid the possi- ^he weather may be. sheep must be allowed to go 

 bility of it breaking away from you, for success | in and out at pleasure. They prefer the snow, 

 depends upon ihe result of the first eflort, and j and even damp weather, to being crowded In the 

 the impression made upon it. Have all the har- barns and unless they are gratined in their de- 

 lue luiMie^. .1.1 ...au^ K 'sires become subject to disea.ses. Too many 



the impression made upon 



ne.ss strong, and in gearing be gentle, steady, and 

 confidential. After being hitched do not endea- 

 vor to repress to great eagerness in the animal, 

 lest it becomes discouraged. In all things be 

 quiet, gentle, and firm, this will give the mule 

 confidence in himself. 



STOCK NOTES. 



sheep should not be kept in one flock, and an 

 open shed is better for them than any other kind, 

 of quarters, provided it is kept clean. They 

 should have a small trough for salt, and should 

 be watered at least once a day regularly. 



The Pigs.— If you desire your pigs to grow 

 keep them in good warm quarters until the 

 weather opens, and then give them plenty of 

 exercise. Do not try to/atten them. Fat is use- 

 less to a pig in spring and summer. What is 



The Lambs.— Keep the rams awav from the required of the pigs is finnrth, or the building of 

 flock until all the ewes have lambed, and be : the IVame work upon winch to place the fat later 

 careful thai too many ewes are not together, or I on. It docs not require strong, coneentratedfood 

 some of the lamlis will be injured. 



The Tooiji anp the .Vsi.m.vi.s.- The tools will 

 need looking after. Before beginning work with 

 the teams, oil and clean every implement, using 

 coal-oil, freely, and it will save labor. 



Feediki; Roots.— Cutting and slicing cold froz- 

 en roots for stock is not economical. They should 



1, r 1 -„„»„ r',.,co Tohoti it first m-ikes be placed over night in cold water, in order to 

 mers who feed roots. Grass, when it first m.ikes ^^^^i^ ^^^^^ ^^^_ frost, and before feeding, the water 



its appearance in the spring is almost equal to 

 a cathartic in Its actions on the bowels. This 

 would be beneficial if not continued, but where 

 a complete change from dry to green food is 

 made, and the stock compelled to subsist largely 

 on the young grass, the efTcct is very weakening 

 to the animals, and especially to the y<iung stock. 

 Calves are always seriously affected, while eolts 

 become very thin in flesh until later In the season. 



should be well drained oir, and the sliced roots 

 sprinkled with meal and salt 



for growth, but a variety, and plenty of exercise, 

 wliich promotes health, and wards oflrdisea.se. 

 Skim-milk, and the run i>r a clover field will'do 

 more lor a pig than anything else, and it should 

 not receive a grain of corn until next fall. 



Working the HoKstxs.- .\s soon as the time 

 for spring work begins, do not work the horses 

 I too severely at first. Standing in the stables all 

 I winter renders the muscles soft, and heavy exer- 

 cise ;/rings on soreness. The best plan is to share 

 the work among them according to the number, 

 giving each animal a half day's labor at atinie. 



WINTER FEEDING OF STEERS. 



The feeding of steers in wint 

 with a view of converting the I'rops into a more 

 salcable'product— l)eef— than with the expecta- 

 tion of realizing a profit from the steers. There 

 are several advantages in favor of the winter 

 feeding of steers, among them the following, 

 viz:- The feeding material is not t)nly consumed 

 on the farm, but there is a large quantity of 

 manure saved. The labor is usually performed 

 during the winter, when help is cheap, and other 

 work not pressing. It avoids thi- hauling of t lie 

 farm 

 Ihc 



wh ^ .... ■ ^- - .. ._. 



farm is located near a city, the steers will trans- tl 



The Fences.- We do not advise you to mend Hor.ses that have been well wintered, however, 

 vour fences now. but to wait until the frost has will be able todogreaterservicethan those which, 

 "finished its work, and then the posts will need have been partially neglected, and can afTord to 

 attention, as the frosts will loosen them. It is ; lose a portion of their accumulated fat before 

 well enough to nail up the opening, but pernia- 1 summer; but with the beginning of hard work 

 ncnt repairs must be done later. I there should be an increase of tlie grain allow- 



f'HEESE MAKIS.;.-There should be a .scl.ool in ' a»f>?. of which oats should predominate, 

 everv farming communitv for teaching farmers Weaning the 'iovNG Stock.— March is an ex- 

 how'to make clieese. We admit that the dairies eellent month for weaning all the young stock 

 can make a cheaiKT article, hut good cheese is that are old enough. The colts may be gradually 

 not easilv procurable, and once the homi'-made weaned, so as not to interfere with spring service 

 article is'tried. no regrets will be experienced, as , on the part of the mares, and the calves that have 



s done rather t but few cheeses are now made of the whole milk, 

 in comnarison with the Ions <if the lard product 

 with Which the ccmnty is over-loaded. 



JIii.CH t'ows.— .\s tlie cows usually come in at 

 different times, it Is well to remark th.at the milk 

 from a fresh cow should not lie mingled with 

 that ttf the others loo soon. II is a common prai-- 

 fice to remove llie calves when they are ftnly 

 three days old, but the milk from the dams will 

 be .at times ropy, and unlit to drink. Yet.t^iis 

 fact is disregarded, and the milk sold or used as 

 food, and it Is not surprising that some complain 

 because the butler does not come, when they mix 



been allowed to remain with the cows during the 

 winter, as is sometimes the case with those of 

 choice breeds, may also be taken away. There 

 are two rca.sons for weaning now. which are, that 

 there is less liabilitv to disease of the bowels dui^ 

 ing cold weather, and also to avoid weaning 

 them after grass is ready, which is always injuri- 

 ous to recently weaned young stock. With a 

 liule care, the voung slocij can easily be weaned 

 ill a lew day's, without danger of retarding 

 growth. 



m produce over bad roads, to say nothing of . milk of difTerenl <iuallties and from cows in all ; ^„^ „,^ ,„,,? know tbrytake pahist 

 labor attendant upon sending it to market, stages of How. iy^^ the •'Farm and' Ganlcu," >r 



iih is saved by feeding it to .stock. It the' Look DiT K.iu the Manire -He careful .ibout i .j,,.;^^ We often (le.l letter.^; 



manure when the snow he 

 •ater loss <jccurs then th.an at any other time. 



Wc always thank our frienils for what tJiei/ do 



'to get subscribers 



kich we always 



mppreciate. IV e ojien <je.i icirrrs saying they were 



ENTKR PRISE POULTRY VAKn«i 

 Pl> ninulli Uocks u Speeinll>. 



.\ n-w rlioicf luwls li.r .Ji.lr eli'-up. fyiU*^ 

 from hii;h-cla.ss st<X'k senirelv packeil io 

 carrv siifelv. $|,-j.5 per 13; •i<n- ni..re sii- 

 tings ordered at IS. K. WOKKKI-L. 

 once. SI vixch. 1 Fi. V\']isliiii(ctii'i. Pa, 



OLAREMONT illustrated circular. 



UOLONY. 



J. K. .IIANCHA, 

 (iareinont, Virginia. 



-- V r , .u V Thereisalsoanroflt greater loss occurs tneu man at Iny mlJ^lhn!^ I ^«^«"i f take c^irp^per by advice «} a JrienS 



port themselves to market. 1 here is also .i profit ^^ .^ ^^.^^^^ ^1^^^^^ ^ drizzling rain, as the slowly \ and are pleased with it. 



in feeding steers. They are usually bought in 



the fall, when they average about 800 or l(««l 



pounds weight, at from five to six cents per 



pound. When sold in the spring they usually 



average from 1'2(I0 to 1400 pounds, and the price 



realized is from seven to eight cents ]>er pound. 



thus returning not only a profit on the increased 



weight, but also liy reason of a higher iirice for 



the whole. Theestimated cost of keejiing a sleer 



over winter, and bringing him into market in 



good condition, is about twenty dollars, but of 



course this estimate varies aci'ording to the 



severity of the winter, and the quality of tlie 



food allowed. 



Chester While. Berk- p T fi C! 

 •hire and Poland China i X U^ U, 



Fill,- S.-lUr I»OB-. >iiil^ h t ollli r^ 

 Fo\ Hound*, niid Ui-uelcm Sliufp 

 .11. 1 l-oultrv. i.r..l :ii..rior r»li' I.J 



, W. GIBBONS ft CO.. WestChesIer, • 



'Chewier mnnt.v. Peiuisylvanltt. 



Send Stamp for Circular and Price List. 



«« A TS Lice, Ticks, Manpe. CureWarranted. Send 

 OWXIA, stamp to T. W. Lawfobd. Baltimore. M<L 



QEHHE 



FARMS&MILLS 



For Sale & Exchange. 

 ^FREE Catalogue. 



K. B. CHAFFIN <&: CO.i Richmond, Va, 



BREAKING MULES. 



By Thm. D. Bninl. (ireenrUlr. Ky. I 



I have heard some farmers say that in break- 

 ing a mule the first thing to do was to knock it i 

 down five or six times, then you might do some- 

 thing with it. By this treatment the animal 

 receives a shock both mental and physical, that 

 in m.any cases in,iures the constitution of tiu- 

 animal without conducing to ils proper training. 

 It is erroneous as well as inhuman. The first 

 thing in bri'aking young animals of any kind is 

 to govern your own bad habits, then you are 

 ready and fit l<i break the animal. 



In observing tlie action of the mule, and study- 

 ing their nature, we find them to he a timid 

 animal, possi'ssing a great amount, of curiosity 

 In their composition. Afleetion strongly charac- 

 terizes all their actions, but they possess a pecu- 

 liarity unusual in most domestic animals, that 

 of resenting any injury received at any time. 

 From these circumstances they have received 

 the credit of viciousness and stubbornness, 

 which, by a proper study of their characters, 

 and by a proper treatment from the beginning, 

 can, in, most cases, be overcome. It is much 

 easier to train up a mule in the way in which It 

 is to go, and to fit it for the pnrposi's for which it 

 Is intended, than to overcome and had propeivsi- 

 tleg. arising Jl-om years of mismanagement. At 



7JERSEvs...-.f..rc«ive.. aBuu..i.r.r.erv...e a „H,!«.«?.., GUERNSEYS AND JERSEYS. 



T. WALTER & SONS. \VE>T C 



STKK, Pa. 



!!^^!?TR?5P?J!!!.!'i? earliest of ah fulTON market TOMAm 



Tiiur.>ii/h-lir..( i'hcHt«r « hlU'H, 



"land'ChtnuA,^ Ini|Kiru-<i BerkMnlre* 



Trui* petlliC'ff -i-'-ti \kith i-ViTy •*iiiraal sold. Sircup, tujiUhy 

 Puriit euuranteed. Si-n<lnamp for new Cata- 



9tOCfc C 



loKne. "C li. W'urrlnirton, Itox tiJi.Weel Che»t«r, Pb. 



H.a(i((uarter.- for all articles nsed by 

 horf^f mi n. works on the Horse, horse pic- 

 tures, road, triitk. and racing pictures; 

 celebrated horses, ■JOOsubjects: Veterinary 

 medicines and litirse goodij of every de- 

 scription. Prit<-!i-t of 500 articles needed 

 by liorspmen matltd tree. 

 jr. H. T VTTI-E,'Jt* Xasiuin fit.,N, I 



H is smooth, solid, medium size, bright red color, and 

 vi-rv niolitic. For market gardeners' use. it has no rival. 

 Prite io cts. per packet. F. E. McAI^LISTER, 



29 and SI FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 



bo YOU OWN A HORSE? 



JERSEY 

 REDS. 



I FRVITV.VLE F.\RM. I 

 Brown *t Wlilte I.cchornR. I 

 & Plymouth Rocli Fowls & Eggs. 

 >i;\i> lor t \T vi.«m;i k. 

 K.M{ tii:i!s- I'uicr 



JERSEY 

 CATTLE 



.Mortimer Wlillehcnd. Middlebush. New Jersey. 



CRYSTAL CREAMER. 



LATEST! BEST! 



Glass ( "ans, Cast Iron Water TankR, 

 Patent Ice Itc.x. nguires little if 

 aiiv ice, no rust, no corroding. Used 

 by'best dairymen. Large or small 

 dairies, an v' size. Write for circu- 

 lars and sjiecial ofler to first pur- 

 chaser to introduce, at once. 

 C. L. CNEELAND, Frmakllii. S. T. 



^i\i"- ()i> H) niploniH. ouu8et 

 iin>l bewt (rvutnicrit "f e:i*h. 

 A l:iM..' iri\ m^' all iIh' princi- 

 pal driiffM u-i-ii I'T iliL' dorse, 

 »iili till- ordinary done*. 

 cffccti*, iiiiil antidote when 

 ;. i»ii-.>ii ; ;i raliU' with an cn- 

 irrtM inff "f Ml.' lior»te*A 

 teetli ;'t dlfft-reut n|re«, 

 Hitli rulf^ f'T telllne Hi.' aire 

 ol the home, :i valuable 

 iolk'.:tion <i| rt-eelptH, :vnd 

 much other uneful Information. Thousmiiis wti.. I.;iv. seen itio 

 hook .oiiimpiiil it, :inii mum Kood hornemcn ■>!»> th.> prcler W 

 to book* eoHtlns e&.<>0. It onataine nothiiiK »hi.h *^hnuJd 

 exfliidf ir from the moi-t rffiiipil familv, Imt it nhould nv read by 

 all. as it, if-afhcs humane principle^, ati'l eK-vatr>. tlir n.^rals hy 

 reminding iir that "the merolftil man U merciful to hi* 

 beast.** Ordr-r non nn<\ sen-i ^-leeDts in •itani|i>^ or i.i.^liil-uole, and 

 receive l"".k. i>o-t-i>:\irt, hv rrtiirn mail. AiMn-^-. 



FRANKLIN NEWS COMPANY, 



PHILADELPHIA, PEXNA. 



