* The Farm and Garden. 



Vol. IV. 



APRIL, 1885. 



No. VII 



rNSTRUCTIONS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



SubMriptloiltt may begin witli any number, but we prefer to date 

 them from -laiiu^ry ol each _\ear. Price tiliv cents a year, in advance. 



Renewals t-an be sent now. uo matter when the KUbsoripiion 

 expires, and tlie time will be added to that to which the subscriber 

 is already eoticled. 



Notice is always sent of expiration of subscription. If not renewed 

 it is immediately discontinued. No notice is required to st«p the 

 paper, and no bill will be sent for extra uuraber-s. 



Remittances may be made al our risk by Post Office Order, 

 Posal Note, KegistereH Letter. Stamps and (Canadian Money are 

 taken, but if sent in ordinary letters are at your risk. We do not 

 advise you to send raouey or stamps without rtgisteriug. See instruc 

 lions on page 12. 



Keeelptfi.— We send a receipt for all money sent us. If you do 

 not hear from us in a reasonable time, wrii* again. 



Addresses.— No matter how often you have written to us. please 

 always Eive your full name, post office and State. We have no way 

 to find your name except from the address. 



Names cannot be guessed, so write them plainly and in full. If & 

 lady.alwavs write it the same — not Mrs. Samaiitha Allen one time 

 and Mr*. Josiah Allen next. If vou do not writ* Misa or Mrs. before 

 your signature, do not he offended if we make a mistake on this point. 



Errors.— We make them ; so does every one. and we «iU cheerfully 

 correct them if vou wrile us. Try to write us good namredly, but if 

 you cannot, then write to us any way. Do not complain to any 

 ene else or let it pass. We waul an early opportunity to make right 

 iny injustice we m.'iy do. 



ADVElfTISIXG RATES.- From l««uo ot January. 

 1MH5, to UeeenibiT, 18H5, inclusive, 60 tent-* per Affutc 

 line each InMertlon. 



CHILU BRON. A: CO., Publishers, 



Mo. 7So Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Penna. 



OUR NE W RE ADERS. 



This number will reach many who, perhaps, 

 may not have met The Farm and Garden be- 

 fore. To them we would say The Farm and 

 Garden, as its name indicates, is a paper for the 

 farm and garden. We have now almost complet- 

 ed four years of successful journalism and placed 

 The Farm and Garden in the front rank of the 

 enterprising farmers' papers. Our paper is a 

 sprightly montlily of twenty pages, and gives 

 practical suggestions upon every subject of inter- 

 est to the farmer and gardener. Our inquiry 

 column is full and practical and we desire to 

 serve our readers in every branch of the farmer's 

 occupation and make his home pleasant. We 

 are asked how we can give so good a paper as we 

 do for the small sum that our club rates indicate. 

 Our answer is, we work hard like the farmer, 

 early and late, and, like the honest farmer, give 

 full measure for the money we receive. Hard- 

 working farmers and all others who take an in- 

 terest in this work, will you not send us a club of 

 your friends as subscribers and help us in this 

 way? 



Remember a good kitchen-garden should be on 

 every farm". Plant your garden in long rows. 

 Tend with a horse. Save much hoeing, and 

 have a good garden. The horse will work a gar- 

 den cheaper than 3'ou can. 



A certain Scotchman says that Americans 

 boast of being ahead of everybody in everything, 

 of having the finest soil, the finest climate 

 and the best chances altogether, a,nd* still arc 

 a/raid 0/ evert/body. If the last observation be 

 true, we can see therein only the eflfect of the 

 teachings of political demagogues, with their 

 fanatical demands for ataritT'-as near as possi- 

 ble to the prohibition point." We can and do 

 compete with the world. We need not hide our- 

 selves behind Chinese walls. We want to trade 

 (buy and sell) with every nation on the globe. 



We advise two new features in grafting, in our 

 articles on that subject, viz.: Shaping the graft 

 at the bud and setting it with the white wood 

 above the stock. These two features we find, by 

 the experience of thirty years in all forms of 

 grafting, to be valuable and new. We never saw 

 them recommended before, and iiave tried them 

 for a long time, and w^ould not graft any other 

 way. We have tried maw-y experiments in graft- 

 ing, but the.se we claim to be original. The first 

 feature of the bud form of graft will seldom fail 

 to take, and the second w^ill alwstys make a 

 wound heal over the soonest. We have often 

 had, in top-grafting, the graft to make a growth 

 of six feet, be well-branched, and one and one- 

 half inches in diameter. 



We take unusual pains to see that our adver- 

 tisers are reliable men in their line of business- 

 We believe that an advertiser who does what he 

 agrees to do, should be patronized, and we give 

 space only to those whom we believe to be hon- 

 orable. 



We refuse many advertisments from parties 

 whom we are not sure are reliable. We believe 

 the plan a just one. 



Drought, "severe winter, and the Hessian fly 

 seem to have taken the matter in hand to stiffen 

 the wheat market in the near future. Yet it is 

 very unlikely that wheat will ever reach again 

 its former high prices. We consider it mucii 

 safer, with the present outlook, to prepare for 

 growing more grass and corn, to be manufactured 

 into beef, mutton, and pork, than to grow all 

 wheat. Grain is low ; meat keeps up its price 

 pretty well. 



It may be asked how we can afford to publish 

 a monthly paper so finely illustrated, cut, and 

 trimmed, ready for instant perusal. We never 

 did believe in sending out a paper in wliich the 

 reader must do what tlie publisher should— cut 

 and trim the pages and ask a double price, as some 

 do, for a half finished paper. We want the reader 

 always to get the worth of his money, and when 

 lie gets The Farm and Garden we do not in- 

 tend he shall have to buy a paper knife, needles 

 and thread, and bind and cut his paper before he 

 can read it. The farnier has to clean his wheat 

 ready for market, we say let the publisher do the 

 same. 



SHALL WE BE ROBBED? 



Popular errors:— That any advertiser will give 

 you something for nothing, merely for the fun of 

 giving; 



That swindling advertisers die very easy from 

 a little exposure in the agricultural press; 



That you can get the work of two men out of 

 one man, who is provided with one of the much 

 advertised modern sawing machines; 



That farmers should be bashful and over-mod- 

 est. " RagamulRns only are modest," says Goethe 

 the great German poet. Don't take a back scat, 

 gentlemen : you are just as good as doctors, law- 

 yers, or politicians ; 



That it is a waste to feed wheat, good nice 

 wheat, to laying hens or growing chickens. 



We see by the Charleston y^eics and O^vripr, that 

 the Kiowah phosphate lands, embracing about 

 25<)0 acres situated about eight miles from that 

 city, have been sold to Mr. R. L. Rylance, a gen- 

 tlemen of Lancashire, England. He has also 

 leased several other rich phosphate properties in 

 that section, and proposes to produce a large 

 amount of phosphate and sliip it all to England, 

 where a company is forming to take all the 

 phosphates offered. The phosjibate should be 

 kept in this country for the benefit of the Amer- 

 ican farmer, to enrich his lands, and promote 

 his agriculture and not that of a foreign cor- 

 poration. The.se phosphate lands are riclj and 

 valuable, and would, if properly worked, enrich 

 and render fertile thousands of our acres and 

 make labor for our citizens in developing our 

 country. Our agricultural interests suffer from 

 the investment of English capital wiiit-h is now 

 used in buying up our pasture lands by thous- 

 ands of acres and is fast monopolizing all the 

 cattle lands to the exclusion of the America.i 

 herder. They are also buying vast blocks of min- 

 eral lands, of coal and iron. They al.so purchased 

 large sections of timber land, and now purchase 

 and lease our most valuable phosphate lands. 

 All the income from these investments is at once 

 sent to England and our people receive no benefit 

 from the income. Should we allow any one to 

 hold lands in this country who does not make it 

 a home? While The Farm and Garden wel- 

 comes all who help build up and improve our 

 country, whose home and interests are ours, yet 

 we believe we should take some steps to preventa 

 wanton waste of tlie country. 



NEW ORLEANS EXPOSITION. 



Not many agricultural periodicals dare to take 

 as manly a position, in regard to the antl-oleo- 

 margerin legislation, as the Rural, when it com- 

 mends moderation, " for Draconian laws cannot 

 be enforced in these modern days any more than 

 in the days of old." Our readers know that the 

 Farm and Garden stands always ready to de- 

 fend the farmers interests to the last breath, as 

 far as consistent with justice and fairness. But 

 fairness is never a comparison with fanaticism, 

 which is the natural out-growth of ignorance or 

 hypocracy. We need not blow into the " prohibi- 

 tion horn." to convince our readers of the sincer- 

 ity with which we side with tlie farmer in every 

 issue, nor simulate a fanaticism, of which to be 

 guilty, we are neither unfair nor ignorant enough. 

 What good shall we expect of all laws which 

 must remain a dead letter? We will not ques- 

 tion the natural or constitutional right of any 

 person, to manufacture a wholesome butter sub- 

 stitute, out of wholesome materials, like clean beef 

 tallow, or to sell, buy or eat such an article under 

 its proper designation. 



When the Rural ^' heartily commends every 

 judicious effort to restrict the sale of all deleteri- 

 ous imitations of dairy products, and to prevent 

 the sale of all imitations or adulterations of but- 

 ter and cheese under the guise of fffnuiAc articles, 

 we can but respond with a hearty Amen. In our 

 last February number we demanded laws which 

 would enforce "cleanliness in the manufacture 

 and honesty in the sale of butter substitutes," 

 and now we have only to add that the penalties 

 which the legislators of the different states may 

 attach to the violation of such laws, will please 

 us the more severe they are. j 



We were of course at the Exposition, and had 

 one of the most 'pleasant mid-winter trips that 

 could be taken. To see, in January, trees ladeii 

 with oranges, and flowers in bloom, while snow 

 and ice locked in winter's gnisp the frozen 

 Nortli. The Exposition is a wonderful display of 

 our progress in agriculture and the Arts. The 

 buildings are large; the main building alone 

 covers thirty-three acres, and the other buildings 

 nearly as much more. We were pleased with the 

 warm welcome extended to us by the Southern 

 people, and it seemed that to meet them was to 

 meet cordial and obliging friends. We received 

 on all sides a hearty welcome. The exhibits are 

 extensive and varied, no" one can describe them. 

 We could not fail to witness among the various 

 fine State exhibits, the enormous productive 

 powers of the Northwest. The display of their 

 vast resources was looked upon with astonish- 

 ment by every beholder. We hope all our read- 

 ers, who can, will visit the exposition and enjoy 

 the same pleasure we did, 



CUTTING THE SEED.* 



Single Ej/e. Drs. Sturfevatd and Tein-y. TieedS 



Resulting from dij^crent Amounts of Seed. 



Reliable Tests. 



"Various theories have been advanced and vari- 

 ous methods of cutting the seed recommended. 

 One of the latest of these, and widely practiced 

 because the most ably defended, is //(eo/te-e^e^^s- 

 tem, as advocated by Dr. Sturtevant, of the New 

 York Experimental Station, and baptised, ** Cut- 

 ting from North-east to South-west," by B. F. 

 Terry, its most enthusiastic champion. 



Figure 1 explains Dr. Sturtevant's discovery. 

 Each bud is the terminus of a branch connecting 

 it with its source of nutriment in the middle of 

 the tuber. The dotted lines indicate how the 

 tuber should be cut in order to supply each eye 

 with a share of this most important interior sub- 

 stance, in other words, to leave a reasonable 

 amount of root to each coral branch. 



Dr. Sturtevant's statement, to the effect that 

 mercliantable tubers cut in this manner, have 

 yielded him six times as much as eyes cut shal- 

 low, four times as much as those cut in the ordi- 

 nary manner, and twice as mucli as potatoes 

 planted whole, and Terry's and other writer's 

 reports, have done m.uch towards popularizing 

 that method. 



* From new book by ' 

 Potatoes." 



Joseph," entitled, " Money in 



