THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



FRUIT NOTES. 



1). ft. Marvin, in the liural ^'cir Yorker, writes 

 very hiitfhly ofthe Emnclan seedlings and crosses. 

 He believes there is a great future for the crosses 

 and hybrids of that variety. 



l>ii^upall ohi, worthless trees in the orchard for 

 firewood. When a poor variety is healthy and 

 in full vigor, you can top-graft it and make it a 

 valuable tree. Only the most vigorous trees pay 

 to top-graft. Old trees are worthless. 



If you have blackberries that winter-kill, do 

 not dig them up; but rather cultivate them well, 

 and we will tell you in the fall how to layer them 

 and protect them from the winter. It is easily 

 done. Save your blackberries. 



Manure your gooseberries with well-rotted" 

 manure. I)ig up the grass around them. Make 

 the ground mellow. Out out the old moss cov- 

 ered canes and let the finest grow, and you will 

 laugh at mildew. Starvation of the soil and mil- 

 dew are fast friends. Good culture is profit. So 

 it is with all small fruits. 



George P. Peffer, of Pewankee, Wis., a fruit 

 grower of large pxin-rienoe, recommends to us for 

 planting, in Wisconsin, the following apples: 

 Pewaukee K. Goidt-n Kussett, Tolman's Sweet, 

 Westfield, Seek-no-turther, Gloria Mundi, Blue 

 Pearman, Walbridge, Belltlower and Wolf River, 

 which we illustrate in our present number. 



The Wolf River apple is sometimes claimed to 

 be identical with the Alexander. It is a seed- 

 ling that resembles the Alexander in some re- 

 spects, but not at all in others, and must be 

 regarded as a new and distinct variety. It is 

 desirable only for the North-west on account of 

 its hardiness, fine size^ and appearance; but its 

 quality is against it in Central and Soutliern 

 States. 



The apple of which we give a cut, was from a 



Slate that took Sii5.UU in premiums at the New 

 rleans PLxiJOsition. First premium of ?li).(W for 

 best apple of any variety for the Northern l>is- 

 trict, hiiitude 42° — 19°. First premium for the 

 largest and liandsomest variety for that district— 

 Slo.W; and ^'i.m for best plate of Wolf River. Our 

 cutis the only correct cut of Wolf River that is 

 published. 



This month we give an excellent article on 

 Peach culture, from the pen of .J. T. Lovett, Little 

 Silver, N. J. It is well written and valuable; 

 worth many times the cost of our paper for a 

 whole year. Mr. Lovett has a thorough practieal 

 knowledge of the subject, and his advice can be 

 fearh'ssly followed. We shall give the balance of 

 liis article next month, and every peach grower 

 should read both this and the next number, 



David Goodrich, of Tioga County, N. Y., says 

 ducks are one of the best protectors against the 

 plum curculio, he has found in an experience of 

 five years. He also recommends fierman salts 

 to be spread around the tree. We presume he 

 means German potash salts, if so. they must be 

 well worked into the soil before the 'ducks are 

 allowed to run in the plum orchard, for tlie salts 

 will kill the ducks if they eat much of them. 



Mottoes For Apple TRiMMixfi.— Prune close 

 and smooth. Cut off limbs long, with an axe, and 

 saw the stub left with a sharp saw, as near the 

 tree as possible. Cut straggling, spreading grow- 

 ers back. Head open growers liack. Prune out 

 all dead limbs. Trim all suckers from the roots 

 and branches, and leave the tree clean. Leave 

 no dead wood in the trees. Thin out all small, 

 weak inside branches, and cut ofl as few large 

 limbs as possible. Never use an axe to prune oflT 

 limbs. Tsever leave a tree half pruned and call it 

 well done. Too much pruning Is as bad as too 

 little. 



L. E. Ambrose, Minier, 111., asks, l.-If goose- 

 berries and blackberries will grow in the shade. 

 2.-H0W to start grape vines. 8.-Which is best. 

 tlie Snyder or Wachussett blackberry. 4.-Besi 

 tree for shade on a small lot. Answer : I.-Yes, if 

 not too shady and dry. 2.-Take cuttings, afoot 

 or so long, and cut the bottom end oft' just below 

 the bud, and set in a warm, moist soil. Some 

 varieties root more readily than others. S.-Sny- 

 der is best for you. 4.— The European linden 

 makes a good shade, and does not grow too large. 

 Sugar maple makes a fine tree. The nuiples, as a 

 rule, grow so rapidly tiiat they soon cover a 

 Email lot. 



Our thanks are due Mr. P. J. Breckman, the 

 well-known Southern pomologist and nursery- 

 man, for civilities extended to us on a visit to 

 him at his home in Augusta, Georgia. Mr. Breck- 

 man's grounds and nurseries are large, and con- 

 tain an extensive collection of fruits especiallv 

 adapted to the Soutliern States, as well as many 

 long keeping ai)ples well suited for Nort'aern cul- 

 ture. We are trying many of them, and during 

 the year will describe our success. Mr. Breck- 

 man succeeds well in growing early peaches, 

 wild goose plums, and early fruits for Northern 

 markets, as well as carrying on one of the most 

 extensive nurseries and greenhouses in the 

 South. 



According to the Ainerican Farmer, B. G. Buell, 

 a well known orchardist of Michigan, finds toji- 

 grafted trees on such hardy stocks :vs Northern 

 Spy and Duchess of Oldenburg to withstand the 

 eflTectsof intensely cold winters much better than 

 root-grafted trees; and the Red Canada top- 

 grafted on the Northern Spy, nearly escaped in 

 the unprecedented cold of 1873 and l«7o, when 

 otliers, such as the Baldwins, were killed outright. 

 Thompkins County King was much injured by 

 this intensely cold winter, and the trunks were 

 split and many of the larger branches killed. 

 Wherever the trees thus injured were severely 

 pruned and shortened in, the trees were saved; 

 those not pruned died in a few years, thus show- 

 ing the injury a tree suffers from neglect in re- 

 moving dead limbs. 



Potash salts are divided into three kinds or 

 classes. The muriate consist of those potash 

 'salts that -iintain SO per cent, of muriate of pot- 

 ash. The snlj)hate consists of high grade sul- 

 phate or 80 per cent, of potash sulphate. Low 

 grades of potash salts, that contain from 20 to 30 

 percent, of ptitash salts, are called kainit. The 

 potash salts are all valuable in fruit growing. 

 The kainit, especially so, lor the sulphate and 

 muriate of magnesia it contains, usually 30 per 

 cent., is a valuable fertilizer for the peach and 

 and apple. Soils that are derived from magne- 

 sian limestone are the best apple lands. Sections 

 of Arkansas, whose exhibits of beautiful fruit at 

 NewOrleansweretlie wonder of all who saw them, 

 exceeding in c<ilor and size even those of Kansas 

 and Missouri, have land of this derivation. Pot- 

 ash salts are valuable in all soils that are sandy, 

 and all soils derived from limestone, but are not 

 valuable in soils that are derived from granite, or 

 which are rull of mica. The farmer must study 

 soils as well a.s fertilizers. 



We begin a new departure from the usual 



plan of figuring and describing fruit.^ which we 



feel sure will please our readers. We make all 



■ our cuts from perfect specimens only, and '>f the 



I exact size of 'he apple when well grown We 



give neither a cut of extra-sized specimens or 



I those of under size, and the reader will be able 



I at a glan<-e to see how large the fruit may oe ex- 



I pected in good cultivation. Our cuts are made 



on wood, at an extra expense, to enable us to 



I give our readers a perfect representation of the 



, fruit we describe. They are all made by A.Blanc, 



i of Philadelphia, and are true to life in everv par- 



I ticular. We intend to make the F.\rm a>'D Gar- 



j DKN the standard auHiority in both accuracy of 



I cuts and descriptions of all new varieties of 



iruits. This will entail on us much extra labor 



and expense, often requiring a personal visit to 



see the fruit in bearing, and unusual care in full 



and tiiorough investigations. We intend that 



the appearance of a cut of a fruit in the Farm 



AND (Jarden shall l(e an evidence of merit, and 



the accuracy of description will at once enable 



the rea<ler to tell the value of the fruit we de- 

 scribe. We shall always give, when it is possible 

 to attain it, the kind of soil in which the variety 

 originated, as they usually do best in soils like 

 the one where they originated. We also give the 

 manner of bearing and all the facts the nursery- 

 man and Iruit-grower is desirous of learning. For 

 accuracy and completeness of detail the Farm 

 AND Garden can always be relied on, and it will 

 also be the first to give a new fruit the fullest in- 

 vestigation, and will in all cases recommend a 

 a fruit of real practical value and merit. We 

 know our plan will meet the confidence and ap- 

 proval of our readers. 



A good grafting-wax is made of equal parts tal- 

 low, resin, and beeswax, melted together and 

 well stirred; then poured into cold water, and 

 when cool encnigh, worked w^ell with the hands. 

 A little more tallow will make the wax softer 

 and work easier, but will, perhaps, be too .soft for 

 a hot sun, and may melt from the tree in summer. 



Root-Grafting.— Root-grafting is only (whip- 

 grafting, where a piece of root is taken for the 

 stock, and is grafted as is shown in figure I. The 

 root-grafts are then set in rows about four or five 

 feet apart, and a foot to sixteen inches in the 

 rows, and are cultivated for two years; they are 

 then ready to transplant. Set them so that only 

 a bud of the graft is above ground, and pack the 

 earth solidly around them. If loosely set, they 

 will not grow. The string that is used in tying 

 the graft need not be cut, as it will rot off in the 

 soiL 



You i/'ditt ft jtracticaf paper. We fcnow U, and 

 f/ou sfutlf hdve it. As (otuj a.s TlIE FARM AND GAR- 

 DEN i-s pithlishcd 1/ou iritj ?)/ive ti pmctical paper. 

 Our edWtr.s are /anner.s and know ivUat farmerH 

 want. They want the best, and deserve it too. 



Best ami nio^l prortlnble UATE WHITE 



^^, PEACH; 5«,0«0 treo-Jiioludingleadin,; 



^^^ v[iricti.-.s. \V lIUum'M Early Red, oneof tbo 



'____r^^: rri'i^t .l.-siral>le L-urly applff*. Uood 9l-.«;k Ap- 



FORU.Sl P.'*^ Treet*. .'iiibrarinL- n,i,.r f>*.pulur kinds. 



-^^^g Karly Klehmontl, Montmorency, and 



""^ ii'lier chiiii-e cherrk'w. (■i-upc*'. Strowber- 



^^ plea, Raupberric". ww ^irut i']ii>-r vjiriiiti'^, 



imi.fKWl ■.'.y('ar-oM AHpnrniCUH root**. l.arcL' 



'fiiok shade and oriiauii-ntal trees. .Scud lor 



catalogue. S. E Bogera & Son, Mt. Holly, N. J. 



For Sprinff Planting. 



I We offer the largest and most 

 complete general stock in the 

 U. S., bcsuics many Noveltlei. 

 Priced Catalogues as follows: 

 No. I. Fruit, IOC. No. 2. Orna- 

 iiental Trees. 15c. No. 3. SmaU 

 I-tiiits. No. 4. \Miolesale. No- 5, 

 Roses, free. El.LWANi^EK & BA UKY, 



.>U. Mope Nurseries, Kochesler, N. \. 



TREES! 



ROSES 



GRAPE VINES 



Foliage plantS § 



o 

 o 



GREENHOUSE PJ.ANTS, 



BEDDING PLANTS. 



CATALOGUE flAII.Kn ON APPLICATION. 



DAVID FERCUSSON &. SONS- 



Rldge and Lehigh Avenues, Philadelphia, Pa. 



QsAGE Qrange P lants 



ti-Vi'.ir-Olil at low ralca in 

 ami iij)\v:ir<l. 



lotH of -JO.OOO 



il iisscitrnt-m of 



GRAPE VINES. SMALL FRUIT 



PLANTS, FRUIT TREES, OR- 



NAMENTAL AND SHADE. 



.\d- ' 



dress 



POlk&HYATT °°d¥l^.*' 



TELL YOUR WIFE ABOUT IT! 



IF YOl 

 RUMSON 



• IIAVi; NO WIFE. TELL YOrU np.ST GIRL THAT THE 



NURSERIES ARE THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE 



GREAT NEW QUINCE "MEECH'S PROLIFIC." 



fViul tliat aslontshlntr yields are reported bv those who are so fortunate as tn have trees ot tliat 

 variety in liearing. .Xisoadvise lier !■> send for a ealendar tellins; oft lie w.aiders oi the MEECH'S 

 PROLIFICJQUINCE, a hands. >niei.h<itograiili, ami a eireular giving desiript ion, direet ions in cul- 

 ture, method nf pruning, interestiugartielesfi'oni the press, and valuable reel pes; they will cost 

 her notliing. Intimate to her that a' MEECH'S PROLIFIC QUINCE tree would be a more a|.preeia- 

 blc "birthday present " than a pair of slippers, and that in the near future you might buiether 

 enjoy the produet of sueh a gift. This nil I please her. She niav beglad to know, too, thai the RUM- 

 SON NURSERIES have the lari;.-! stnek of MULBERRY'TREES i" Alneriea, and a Kill line 

 ofORNAiVIENTALTREES AND SHRUBS, an. It hat SILK CULTURE is a suitabl.- an. 1 prohtal.le busi- 

 ness r.ir ladi.-s. Tliisadvie.-, liowiver. Is ii..t Intended t.> debar lli. .si- wli.i have neithei wile nor 

 sweetheart from proeuring tr.-.-s ..i ilie GREAT NEW QUINCE, lor w.- pity su.h, a^id w.aibl gladly 



supply them witli trees and " " " "" 



make them happy. Add 



ig tr.-.s..l llie GREAT NEW QUINUt. i..r w.- pii.N sii. ii, ...lo ........ b...u.j 



d. HANCE & BORDEN, U BanU. J.or 31 Mon StJ.Y. 



X83e. I>01VI03?XA. NXJRSEFIIES. X88S. 



XIstAlollfitlioc^ XS3S. 



PARRY STRAWBERRY 



IsaviKorous erower perfept flower, very 

 profinciivf. most T>e:iutirul bright color, 

 ripeniiiu' evenly all over, large size, highest 

 in flavor niid firm. 



BESTFORMmandrAMILVUSE 



MARLBORO, 



The Largest Early RASPBERUY 



WILSON JUNIOR, 



The Largest Known BLACKBERRY. 



'It i.i ni-arhi n tveek rarUer tlinn II'iVw.,. s 



»!/■;;/."— Wilaier Atkiiisou iu I\trm Juujnal. 



Splected berries measured 4'i inches in 



eircumferenee leiigtliwise b.v 3'a Indies 



crosswise, and prodiieert more than 



110 bllshelH per iicre. 



HEADQUARTERS FOR 



KIEFFER AND LAWSON PEAflS, 



GRAPES, CURRANTS, Etc. 



CATALOGUE FREE. WILLIAM PARRY, Parry P. 0., N. J. 



