THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



'3 



(Slippihgs. 



Jt is our (If 



reacU) 1(1 

 no (/th. 



sirf to iiKiLi 



f/tfSf HO full 



Hi Gakhkn. 



r»(>(y (hfit every 

 'Ui.jhh^- (itkes 



with a(L tilt leading puhlnalii. 



. J)eliv€rpd by John T. Lovett before the American Inatitute 



Farmers' Club, Nt w York, February 24. 1885. 



PEACH CULTURE. 



So many owners of farms in the vicinity ol' New York 

 «re puzzled lo know to wliat purpose to devote their land 

 that tliey may realize profitable returns therefrom, ii is 

 •quite surprising to me that so few engage in pearh cul- 

 ture. First, because the returns from a successful peach 

 ■orchard are so great; secondly, because a peacli farm 

 ■can be managed so easily by the owner, who is perhaps 

 •engaged in other pursuits in the city ; requiring very lit- 

 tle attention or looking after by him, except during the 

 ■shipping season, when the orcliard has arrived at bearing 

 Age. Did the owners of gardens, as a rule, know tliat 

 the same outlay of time and money e.xpended each sea- 

 eon in growing iheirsupply of peas, if applied to planting 

 -and cultivating p^ach trees, would assure tliem an abun- 

 dant supply of iruit, there would not be such a brisk 

 ■demand for peaches in the markets. In other words, 

 should the owner of a garden plant twelve peach irees 

 •each season, of good varieties, and give them the simple 

 culture required, he and liis family could revel in peach- 

 ■e&from the time Ilie earliest ripen until the last are gone 

 —a season of three months. 



Soil.— The peach is a native of Persia, hence it Is ob- 

 •vious that it requires a warm soil ; in fact, it will be use- 

 less to plant peach trees upon soil where tlie water 

 «tands near or upon the surface. If not well drained 

 •naturally, it must be drained artificially. The best soil 

 for peaches is a sandy loam, not highly charged with 

 vegetable matter. 



Planting.— In planting peach trees, early spring is 

 much the best season, although they can be planted in 

 the autumn with success, provided proper cai-e is ob- 

 served, viz. : that the roots do not become frozen before 

 Ihey are placed in the soil, and a mound of earth about 

 a foot in height placed at the base of eacli tree to pre- 

 vent swaying. Plant no deeper than the trees stood in 

 the nursery and make the soil very firm. The distance 

 10 plant depends somewhat upon the character of the 

 soil. On a liglit, sandy, porous soil the distance of filteen 

 feet each way wHi be far enough; while, on the <jther 

 hand, should the .soil be sandy loam or quite loamv, 

 eighteen or twenty feet apart each way will be none too 

 great. I usually plant eighteen feet apart each way, re- 

 •quiring 134 trees per acre. 



(To be Continued in May.) 



iProm. " Cynnifrt/ Gentle iiinn." AHmny, N.Y. 



HOW TO MAKE GOOD MILKERS. 



No matter what breed you have, says Mr. W. H, 

 W^hite, something further is necessary in order to reach 

 <hebest success in raising good milkers. Good blood, 

 •whether Short-horn, Jersey, Devon, Ayrshire grade or 

 ■jiative, is not everything, hut lies at the foundation; 

 «omething cannot come from nothing. Treatment in 

 raising milkers shr-uld be somewhat different from that 

 an raising a beef animal or an animal for labor. Begin 

 ais soon as the calf is a day old; see that it has sufficient 

 to eat, and is kindly treated aiid regularly attended to. 

 Never pamper or over-feed, but give it good, generous 

 food to cause a regular, early, and steady growtli. Ac- 

 ■custom it to be hanflled, but not to such an extent as to 

 acquire objectionable habits as a cow, but ratl-er to be 

 fond of the presence of the keeper. Kindness Jielps to 

 •create a quiet disposition, so important in a dairy cow, 

 anri this education must begin whe i the calf is young— 

 any habits acquired when young are apt to cling to the 

 cow when grown. 



For a milker. 1 would have the heifer come in at two 

 years old. She is then old enough to become a cow. I 

 •would not as a rule allow her to go farrow, but milk her 

 tip to within a few weeks ol calving, even if I did not ob- 

 tain but little at a milking. A cow tlius trained will give 

 more milk, and be more likely to hold out long in milk 

 if her after care is Judicious and liberal, as it should be. 

 55uch treatment tends to form the habit of giving milk 

 and, as we know, habit is a sort of second nature. Couple 

 the heifer with an older bull, one, two or three years 

 older than she, is preferable to a yearling and better 

 «tock is likely to come from such. After the heifer has 

 ■come in, her fei'd should be regular and liberal. Good 

 clover hay is the best of all, but we all may not liave this 

 for stall feed: then we nmst make up for what is lacking 

 An some concentrated feed, such as oat meal, shorts, oil 

 imeal, or the like, but great care and good judgment must 

 be used not to over-feed or crowd, as the future cow may 

 be ruined. Undue forcing shortens the U3efal life of the 

 cow very rapidly. 



J^om "London J^-or is inner." 



WASHING BUTTER. 



The only time that all the buttermilk and what It con- 

 rtains can be separated from the butter, is while the but- 

 ter is yet in a granulated form. If the churning be so 

 far advanced that the butter will be gathered in a large 

 Tump.it will have all through the lump more or less 

 buttermilk, in which buttermilk there will of course be 

 (membranous or caseous or other solid matter. Not only 

 •will the grain of the butter be injured by the kneading 

 ffequired to remove little else than the liquid of the but- 

 termilk, leaving much of its solid matter incorporated 

 with the butter. The kneading of the butter tends only 



to press and solidify all the solid matter of the mass, 

 squeezing out only liquid. Moreover, wlien tlie butter- 

 milk is gathered into a lump uf butler, any taint or im- 

 purity in the i>uttermilk, by closer, longer, even perma- 

 nent contact with the biutei-. materially injures ilie 

 quality of the butter. If, on the other hand, tlie butter- 

 milk and all it contains be drawn away betorethe butter 

 has advanced beyond the granuJated form, a more per- 

 fect result is secured, Iiy washing *.tif butter at a low 

 temperature with water and brine the buttermilk and 

 all it contains may be removed from it, and before any 

 taint or impurity has been given to the butter, and tlie 

 grain be saved from kneading that otherwise would be 

 necessary. In this process butter will l)e taken out com- 

 paratively little affected by delects or taint in cream. 

 Cream may be advanced more or less toward a hitter 

 tasle or decay and the butter, becaus*^ being enclosed in 

 and protected by its pellicle, not yet atfected. It is be- 

 cause of this protection that sweet butter may be made 

 Irom sour cream. Sourness is an advancement toward 

 decay. It is equally true that tlie cream may be more 

 or less bitter and the butter hidden away in it be yet 

 sweet. When churned, the sourne.ss or bitterness is in 

 the buttermilk and the butter is yet pure. The butter- 

 milk adds its sour or bitter taste to the butter according 

 to the quantity and time of its presence with the butter. 

 The obvious remedy is the quickest and most complete 

 preparation jiossiljle. 



NECESSITY FOR COMPLETE FEEDING OFTREE 

 AND FRUIT-DANGER FROM FORCING OR 

 PARTIAL FERTILIZING — STRAWBERRIES, 

 ETC. 



[We extract the following from the excellent pam- 

 phlet on "Orange and Fruit Culture," written by Charles 

 V. Mapes,ul the >[apes Feitilizing Company, New York. 

 The reli-rt.MH-H to strawberries will be found espe<'iallv 

 intcrestiim and the remarks on results of injudicious 

 leeUing of tlie orange tree apply with more or less force 

 to all leading fruit trees.] 



The practical and scientific investigations during the 

 past ten years by fruit growers and scientific experts, 

 both in this country and in France, lead to the one gen- 

 eral conclusion, viz. : that it is necessary, not only to 

 make a tree or vine grow, but what is more difficult, to 

 make it grow healthfully, with power to resist disease 

 and insects, continue vigmuus and normal in all its 



functions, with sap fully supplied vvitli all the elements of 

 nutrition necessary lor producing fruit of the highest 

 quality— rich in saccharine i,sugar) matter, fine flavored, 

 pulpy juicy, firm, not inclined to mildew, split or drop, 

 and good keeping and carrying qualities. 



With tlieorange tree as w#h almustall trees. as before 

 stated, owing to the long period of its growth up to ma- 

 turity and bearing, the time wlien the injuiious effects 

 of injudicious manuring manifest themselves most 

 strongly, it is dithcuU to trace the final effects to the 

 proiier causes. The tree, if fertilized with any one of a 

 doxen fertilizers rich in nitrogen, but deficient in cither 

 phosphoric acid or potash, or in both, as well as in most 

 of the remaining ash elements, may show, particularly 

 on lair, light lands, a rapid and satisfactory growth. 

 The tree, in its struggle for existence and with its wide 

 extending roots— and the poorer the soil the further will 

 tliey extent!, will continue to make leaf and wood, but 

 will tail to accumulate stock, strength and vigor neces- 

 sary to fulfill all the functions of a healthy t%e and fail 

 to produce fruit, or if fruit, then of poor quality, and 

 all the lime will be liable to disease, insect depredations, 

 etc. 



Nuw, while it is often difficult, with a alow-growing 

 tree like the oranye, to trace these results to the true 

 causes, it is on llie other hand very easy to note the per- 

 nicious results following defective fertilization in the 

 annual and quick-growing fruits and crops like Straw- 

 berries, Grape Vines, Sugar Beets, Sorghum, Tobacco, 

 Potatoes, etc. 



Strawberries may be grown luxuriantly so far as the 

 vines go and be made to j ield a good supply of fruit, and 

 yet, as before mentioned, owing to ilie employment of 

 the wrong forms of plant Ibod— excessive nitrogen and a^ 

 deficiency of ash elements, or an objectionable form ot 

 Potash- the quality of the fruit be worlliless, poor in 

 color, soft in texture, watery, flavorless, and so much 

 inclined to decay, that, as one grower and experimenter 

 remarked, ■■ they would rot in a few lioui-s alter picking, 

 prove utteily worthless. .wliile the berries from adjacent 

 patches, di He lent ly manured, were excellent in quality." 



With grapes, the tendency of complete manuring to 

 protect the vines against all attacks ot disease and to 

 greatly improve the quality of the fruit by largely in- 

 crejising the proportion of sugar, has been iiiUy demon- 

 strated by the experiments of Prof. Goessmou and 

 others. 



RESPECT. FEW EQUAL 

 :NONE BETTE^- 



BURPFPS SEEDS 



DUIirkk V FARM ANNUAL FOR 1885 



Will bespnt FREE tnall whowrite forlt. It is a HandNome Rook of 1 20_Pnjfe9. hundredB of 

 beautiful new illu«trationP. two Colored Platesj ami tellw all about th*^ b^st Funn and 4«nrtlon 

 Seeds, includinK- IMPORTANT Novelties ol Real Merit. Farmers, Market GardcDorH. and 

 Planters who want the BEST SEEIJS at the L.OVVKST PRICES send address on a potital to 



W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., PHILADELPHIA. PA. 



550.000 CRAPE VINES 



8«> Varlrtlea. Also Small Fnilt.. Quality unsiirpassed. Warranted true to name. Very 

 cheap Illustrated (leseriptivc price list free. LEWIS ROESCH, Fredonia, IV. Y. 



SUCCESS TO OUR^"'"^ 



_*• DEPARTURE 

 SEED TRADE. Relief for the people. 



THE 



^-J'/d'oSi AT WHOLESALE PRICES. '° °''" '° -""""•" 



fulo 50.000 homes free of coItT wo qTJS tbo'ull"^ 

 ~ ~ in lK>8tage stumps or moin' 



_ this woDdtrfuI potato 



- ^^^- r" — "'^ ■" — .....v.......^ unprceedcntpti ofTert 



FnR Rn rTx l«»tage et«iDp« or mon.y. wo «1M send b> nisil a box 



run HU bio. containing, flrst.ir povkot«.OBe each, of tlie followini 

 oew, hlghlTlinprovcd, and gnaraoteej Beed»,-l»cnln|t'« Improved Blood 

 Turnip It"t. !>"' ".nl earliest lor tuble use. Wllsoj, lIlgKly Improved 

 H ,i.ilnK«tadt tBbbage, be« and earliest; ^ood for late' Sew Soldcn 

 (•ell-ltluiiehlng Celerr, exeellent quality. easTlj grown: needs no banking 

 • !\ ,'^,^ t»ri-cn Prollflc' Cucumber, best as cuoumhers or pi. me-- \1 

 I turn L Itra Sueur Corn, productive, early, tender, an.i sweit New Uo'lden 



»THE„GREAT IRON -CLAD 



llfnrt Lfttucf, tn>si tor 



"HltnlflLLUIl) the world Orange Croom Mm*U melon" 



Bweet, 8,>icy. aod deliciau.. >ew Silver Ball Itallnn Onion, b™u[i?" 

 lar-", mild ; crowg S.pound onioua from seed. Kuby Kins Popper, larcrst 

 flaest. ewoctest prpper evrr eecu. Abbott's Sufur ParMnlp, Kr-aiiv Iml 

 proved VBrlrtv. Ohio Sweet Potato Pumpkin, CDoriiiouslr productive ex- 

 cellent quality; keeps all winter. French BreukfaHt KadlMh, best of all 

 earlv rafiish*";. White Pineapple Sqiiuwh, extra qualiiv, good for suntnur 

 orwinlrr. New Cardinal Tomato, lanr'-^t and emnotlH^t of anv. White 

 Mnnloh Turnip, bp.t fnr fahlo u^e. SAMPLE PACKET OF 

 COLDEN BEAUTY CORN, mont benutlful and productive of 

 any in th,- country. S'.-cond. ITUC OTDAVDrAIITv the eapili-nt 

 medlum-Nlze tuber of I lib O I IfAl DbAU I I) POTATO 

 -_ . . » _ ever yet seen : vorv productive, excellent nualitv. beautiful as an oil pal-ntinB. 



TTpaeketfl of seed and/?/} ^^n TWO collections for *1.1«, FOUR for 



" one whole notnto forOt/ OtS. 40. Th' " " - - - 



one whole potato for^ 



. , .. u . *a thU iVanoffernev^rmVde befo'rel OUR PROPOSITION 



toKladden the beart and bnchten the way of every tiller of the soil and lover of the beautiful ha^i met with su.-h unbotindcd success 

 that we reiicw ltJ?lM.™»,>:^t.^»n,PtX!'K<>tr'U^;^°!j ^S^Ji':!i!i'^^J^^ Krowjhe«e_aee<ii by the pound, .,y the bush.1, and by the 



" " ~ " each, of A«ter«." BuUamH. Potnnlais 



olora. Lnree Ooubic Kn^IUh Ilolly- 



ne ornamental KrasM. One Hplcndld 



" forGOctH. Parl,.t3 



- — .-..ngo' „. _ _. , _ 



^re. 18 PACKETS CHOICEST FLOWER SEEDS FOR 80 CENTS, 



PortulaecaK, Phloxes, Punsies, Verbenas,— a!t finf-t strain and most lieantirul 



hock, New Dwarf Marifcold. extra larec double Zinnias, hricht cfilnrs.- One „ 



cllmbine plant. One beautiful Everlastlne Flower. 1 8 p'kts for 80 ets., TWO coliecti 



are reguliir size, with directions ft.r .■iiltlvatine. Our beautifull" ""-■ -■" ' " " ■ ■ 



each order. •Addrosn all 

 letters aud money ordera to 



OUR N[W KNIFE! EXIINE IT! 



Large blnde. extrn strone* 2 pen hlados; 

 nil innde ronipact ; clean nit- 

 tiiic p<Ii:<'« ; nitiooiIi liniidle : 

 wnrrnntcd blades, spnt post-paid 

 foiSl.OO; si.v fnrS65.00. This is 

 the best knife for the price 

 wr-lmvppver iliown here. 

 Kent's Hop 3-hIa(le pen- 

 knife, $:1.00: •i-hlftde 

 iiick -knife, , 'SO r. Li.dfps' 2- 

 nlade, ,^0o. Iluniine' knife 

 »1. Prnnine knife. <*!. 

 4S-pnce list free : also, 

 "How to Use a Razor." 



MAHER & GROSH. 



76 Summit tl.. Toleilo. 0. 



