THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



©HE J^OULTI^Y XJA^D 



THE SPACE REQUIRED FOR LARGE NUMBERS. 



By -P. H. Jacobs, Wayne, HI. 



During the severe weather of the past winter 

 l)Ut few eggs were procured from the hens in the 

 northern section of the country, while hatching 

 ■and raising broilers for niarli:et could not be 

 accomplished except in a suitable building. 

 With a poultry-house ten feet wide and one hun- 

 <ired feet long, and divided into ten apartments, 

 thirteen incubators were put in operation, the 

 the chicks being transferred to brooders, one 

 brooder being allowed to each department. 

 While thus engaged the work was mostly ex- 

 perimental, and has given verj' satisfactory 

 results, so mu^ h so as to permit of the claim 

 that raising broilers may be as profitably con- 

 ducted in the cities as in the country. The loss 

 among the chicks in the brooders, if we except 

 the few very weak cliieks that usually hatch 

 with all broods, did not amount to four per cent., 

 which is a trifling loss, if one will stop and con- 

 sider that when chicks are carried by hens, a loss 

 of two out of ten is twenty per cent. The reason 

 is very plain, also. The incubator chicks were 

 always in a dr}/, warm place, which is the most 

 •essential thing in their care, and they were fed 

 regularly, and closely watched. A slight calcu- 

 lation will enable any person to notice that a 

 space 10 X KK) feet is less than the one-fortieth 

 part of an acre. With fifty chicks to each apart- 

 ment the building accommodated 500 chicks. In 

 the spring, after the weather became mild, each 

 apartment was made to hold one hundred chicks. 

 And, it may be stated, each apartment (had the 

 windows been so arranged as to allow of the 

 change) could have been profitably divided into 

 sections 5 x 10 feet, each of which would have 

 ^2onveniently accommodated fifty chicks. The 

 building, therefore, could be made serviceable for 

 1000 chicks, and as they are marketed as soon as 

 they are of proper size, they in turn give place 

 to other broods. 



What I desire to impress upon the readers 

 here is that chicks can be placed in small apart- 

 jnents, there to remain until they are for sale. 

 No yards are required at all. We have hundreds 

 now on hand, of all ages, and not one of thera 

 has ever been outside of the building, and no 

 healthier, finer lot of chicks can be found any- 

 where. The greatest care is exercised in pre- 

 venting them from becoming wet, as dampness 

 is not only fatal to young turkeys but also to 

 young chicks, although they are not as properly 

 protected in that respect by the majority of 

 persons as they should be. Water is given in 

 f small drinking fountain that does not allow 

 them to wade in it or wet their feathers. The 

 food is given in small troughs, and consists of 

 anything they will eat, only they are not con- 

 fined to a single article, t)ut given a variety. If 

 they can be raised successfully in a building, 

 ■what is to prevent persons of limited means, and 

 also ladies, from raising chicks in large num- 

 bers in a building in a city, or on a small sub- 

 arban lot; nothing is wanted but good care and 

 a.ttention. I am still experimenting, and so far 

 have found fewerdifficulties than I at first expec- 

 ted. The common fowls are used, as well as some 

 pure breeds. Plenty of feed and dry floors will 

 prevent many losses that occur with those who 

 raise young chicks as a business. 



THE CAPITAL REQUIRED. 



Among the many inquiries made regarding the 

 matter of raising poultry in large numbers, is 

 *'How much capital is reauired ? " If the in- 

 ■quirer will but compare tiie poultry business 

 with any other, a little reflection will enable him 

 to unravel for himself whatever mystery may be 

 attached to it. If SIOOO be invested in a mercan- 

 tile pursuit, the interest on capital invested, at 

 «ix per cent., amounts to S60, and a dividend of 

 ten per cent, will give SIOO, or a total of 8160 on an 

 investment of 81000. It Is conceded that a return 

 of 8160 on a capital of $1000, every year, is an ex- 

 cellent one, and why not take the same view of 

 the poultry business. We are safe in asserting 

 that S160 can easily be made on 81000 invested In 

 poultry, and even more; but the above is given 

 to show that the beginner does not fail simply 

 because he cannot secure several hundred dollars 

 on a small investment. The poultry business 

 will give as large returns as any other, in propor- 

 tion to capital invested, provided proper care and 

 management Is bestowed. The difficulty with 

 most persons Is that they expect too much. They 

 are not disposed to take a business view of the 

 matter, but desire the poultry business to do 

 what they would not for a moment expect from 

 any other, which is, a return of the capital in one 

 season. We have often had parties to ask if they 

 could maintain a family with the poultry busi- 

 ness, on an investment of afew hundred dollars, 

 flomething which they would not hope for in any 

 ■Other enterprise.* 



THE WYANDOTTES. 



Eight years ago this breed was uniform in plu- 

 mage, compact in shape, and gave promise of 

 being one of the best breeds introduced. After 

 being admitted to the standard, which compelled 

 breeders to adhere to points of plumage, the 

 original shape disappeared, and not even the 

 feathering became uniform. Although admitted 

 as a pure breed there are but few breeders who 

 can boast of a flock of hens that are alike. >>ome 

 are striped on the feather, some white with black 

 edge, and others laced like the Dark Brahma. 

 But few Wyandottes, whether cockerels or pul- 

 lets, show the beautiful spangled breasts and 

 wings so elegantly displayed in the illustrations. 

 They are fair layers, however, but do not com- 

 pare with the Leghorns and some other breeds. 

 A few years more and no doubt they will be bred 

 to greater perfection, but they now often revert 

 back to the original stock. There is one thing 

 in their favor, however, which is their bright, 

 clean, yellow legs, and golden-colored skin; in 

 which they excel the Plymouth Rocks or any 

 other breed. They are destined to be one of the 

 best market fowls in existence. They also have 

 small combs, which is a great desideratum, espe- 

 cially in cold climates. They are hardy, and, as 

 a rule, free from diseases as compared with some 

 breeds. 



PACKING EGGS FOR WINTER USE. 



As the price of eggs is usually low at this sea- 

 son, a large number may be packed and stowed 

 away until prices become higher. It is not neces- 

 sary to keep eggs six month, though they may 

 be kept a year with care. Prices fluctuate very 

 much, and three months make quite a difference. 

 Opinions dilTer as to which is the best method of 

 preserving eggs. The usual practice is to pack 

 the eggs In salt, not allowing them to touch each 

 other, fllling the spaces well with the salt. Boxes 

 should be used, and the small sizes are best. The 

 eggs are placed on end in the salt, and when the 

 boxes are full, the tops are screwed on tightly. 

 The secret of success is to turn the egga at least 

 three times a week, which is done by turning the 

 boxes upside down. The diflicuUy with pre- 

 served eggs is that the contents, if the eggs re- 

 main in one position, settle and adhere to the 

 shells. This cannot be avoided whatever the 

 method or process may be, but if they are packed 

 in boxes, and the boxes frequently turned, as 

 mentioned, the difficulty will be greatly lessened. 

 In addition to salt as a packing, coal-ashes, plas- 

 ter, well-dried oats or corn, and even dust may 

 be used, but salt is best. Dry processes are more 

 convenient than the liquid methods, ai^d the 

 later they are preserved the better. The chief 

 point to be observed, however, is to frequently 

 turn the eggs, and to keep the boxes In a cool 

 place. 



POULTRY SCRATCHINGS. 



Hay 8eed.— This material can be had from 

 livery stables for a trifle, and is just the thing 

 for young chicks. 



The NE.STS.— Tobacco refuse Is excellent for 

 preventing lice, and cannot be used too freely, as 

 It is harmless to the fowls. 



Green Oats.— If green food is scarce sow a 

 quart of oats after a rain, and feed it to the hens 

 when the oats are two inches high. 



The Coops.— Remove the windows and substi- 

 tute wire screens, as plenty of fresh air "is a very 

 important adjunct to health In summer. 



The Best Soil— The best soil for a poultry 

 yard is one that is very sandy, as it dries off 

 quickly, and is ?asily spaded and cleaned. 



The Droppings.— They quickly decompose 

 now and should be removed often, not only 

 from the coops, but by raking the yard also. 



Lice.— June is the month for lice to put in 

 active work. Nothing short of strict sanitary 

 regulations will prevent the vermin, and no time 

 should be lost in suppressing them. 



A Summer Dust Bath.— As the ground often 

 becomes hard and compact, especially after a 

 rain, a convenient mode of making a dust bath, 

 is to spade up a few feet of earth, working it up 

 fine It will serve the purpose admirably. 



Green Food.— It should be plentiful now, and 

 freely used. We would suggest the sowing of a 

 few rows of leeks and shallots for early use next 

 season. A few onions grown and stored away 

 for winter use will be found excellent, and a 

 hundred late cabbage plants will aflTord quite a 

 supply when the snow comes again. 



June Chicks.- It isnowteolate to hatch young 

 chicks, as the prices will be very low by the time 

 they are old enough fwr the market ; yet, they 

 will pay a small profit, no matter during which 

 month they may be hatched. We have already 

 demonstrated that it only requires five cents to 

 produce a pound of chicken, and, consequently, 

 they pay at all times, 



Young Turkeys.— Dryness is the first essential 

 in raising young turkeys, and then comes the 

 matter of range. Y(»,ung turkeys cannot be con- 

 fined like young chicks, nor must they be allowed 

 to wander in the wet grass. See that they do not 

 leave the coops until the sun is well up, and that 

 they are shut up before sundown. It will be 

 troublesome for awhile, but pays in the end. 



Plucking Geese.— Do not pluck the geese 

 until the goslings are all hatched and able to 

 take care of themselves. The geese may be 

 plucked twice— once in July and once in Novem- 

 ber, as they will have nothing to do after this 

 month in the way of laying or sitting. It should 

 be remembered that the renewal of the feathers 

 is a great drain on the system, and the geese 

 should be well fed, and given a warm, dry place 

 at night until they are fully feathered again. 



LOOK ''''wisirs^^'., HERE! 



ENTERPRISE POULTRY YARDS, 



Ha<t a few Plymoutft Rocka ret for sale, ;iU. Br-wn l.-ijltom.t. Black 

 Hamburg^, Wi/andoUes. and a fine Irioof Pekin Huckt. Prices rta 

 flonable, to close out. P. Rock, and B. Leghoru e(j:§a i>kl.00 per 1^. 



I AMfiCUAIJC JI"' BEST IN AMERICA. 



LMHUOnHnO ^'"^ tnesl strains in this couctry 



mated with irr^it iwpfo-tnfirma 



from Major ( ■road, of EriKland. Eggs $8.50 for 13 $4 50 



l"''.*^-.*'"'' I'll' circulars with mv instruotii.tiKfnr palslno 



Spring Chickens and best INCUBATOR and BR(Jf»JER. 



Address J. I.. HARRIS, Cinimminson. N. J. 



T HE POULTRY RAISER- ""? as «!,« p,r 



I ^^^mmm^t^^mt^^^^m^^^ Tear Tor 12 numbers 



IG pacei each, ^40 in i;old for the largest num- 



' suKs.-ritier^ Mar 1, iK'^o, Tells all about Poul- 



i^iiic fiT Pr.itii. Sanipk'cniiii's'2cenia. Address. 



r/jTHE POULTRY RAISER. 69 Dearborn St.. Chicago. 



T. WALTER & SONS, ^."^^Is'^l^^l^t 



Breeders and Shippers of I.MPROVED STOCK, 

 CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, POUETRY, and 

 OOGS. Sead stamp for Catalosue and Prices. 



25 



YEARS IN THE 



POULTRY YARD. 



I6ih Edition. 168 Pages, explain- 

 inc: the entire business. Givea 

 Bvmptoms and best remedies for 

 all diseases. A SO-paije Illustrated 

 Catalogue. All for 25c. in stamps. 



A. M. LANG. 

 COTe Dale. Lewis Co. Ky. 



INCUBATORSi 



■ f. W. SAVTnoi? «554 



I The SAVIDOE. 100 eggs 

 .$'^1.00. Different sizes. 



'Never fails. Sent on trial. 



. SAVIDGE, ISM Hunilnadon St., Phllail'a, Pa. 



dr";lu?;V?e'^,hTng THOROUGHBRED FOWLS, 

 FANCY PIGEONS, AND 



FINE BRED DOCS. 



E. MAURER, 1026 Spring Garden St., Phllidelphla, Pa. 



W. 0. DAKIN, Toledo, 0., Jn"d"SXl 



bred LANGSHANS,Thoroughbred WYANDOTTES 

 Handsome Circular free. Mention Farm anuGabden. 



Auger Egg Case. 



(PATENTED JULY, IHS4.) 

 This is the only PERFECT Et;g Case, it being made 

 entirely of wood, with round holes an<l a cloth packing. 

 The cases are made with locked c<h neis. for small sizes, 

 and with a handle on top. for convenience in carrying. 

 The large sizes are securely nailed with French nails, 

 and have the Richmond hinge and Improved fasten- 

 ings. These cases have no paper compartments inside, 

 which need constant rejitacenjent as have all other 

 Etjg Cases. Aiao,make to order small sizes to ship eggs 

 for setting. Warranted to trnnspot-t e^sn without 

 breakaee. Send lor circular and price-list. AGENTS 

 WANTED. CANADIAN RIGHTS for sale. Address 

 K. P. AUGER, Box 158, Fitzwilliam. N. H. 



HAVE YOU GOT IT? 



Poultry Powder: 



The best preparation of Its kind. It C'URE.S CHOIi. 

 ER.A and other <Jisejvses. A ti-ial will conTince 

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 Powder. Ask yourstorel^eeper to set it for von. MaDU- 

 factured by DR.. A. M. DICKIE, DOYLESTOWN, P». 



yi.'jr9a^Wf^jr^wMn.wMjr^wA!rMrya^WM.r.w^w^w^A 



Practical Poultry Boot 



loo pages; beautiful COLhrbd 

 PLATE; cneravtngs of nearly all 

 kinds of fowls; plans for poultry 

 houses; how to caponizc; informa- 

 tion about incubators. Descriptions 

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 them. Eggs from beststockat S1.50 

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ASSOCIATED FANCIERS 



S. Ei ght h St., PhxiMJelphia, 



