This paper is iiitentltMl for a wi*te niriMilatioii. It deserves it .ind the country necfU it. If you will send us a thib of FOUR subscriberB 

 a.[ '^5 oeuts eacli, we will give it to you for a year free. Tbis ^vill apply to old as well as new subscribers. 



* Tlie Farm and Garden. 



Vol. !V 



AUGUST, 1885. 



No, XII. 



INSTRUCTIONS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



8ubHcrIpt)oii8 may begin with uiiv number, but we prefer to date 

 them Iruin January ul uacU year. Priiic filty cents n year, iu advuiice. 



Kenewals can be sent now. no nuiLter wheu the su1>scri|nitja 

 expire.H, and ibe tinle will be added to that to which the subscriber 

 ia alri.-:idy entitled. 



Remlttuiices tn.ay be made at our" risic by Tost (Jflice Order, 

 Postal Note. Ue^istored Letttr. Stamps and Canadian Money are 

 taken, but it sent in ordinary lelturs are at your risk. We do not 

 advise you to send money or atamps without regiiSteriug. See instruc- 

 tions on page 12. 



Ueeelpti. — W« send a receipt for all money sent us. ir you do 

 Dot hear Iroiu u^ in a reasonable time, write again. 



AdilreRsea.— No matter how oftt-n you have written to us. please 

 alwaya give your full name, post oHicc and State. We have noway 

 to find your name except from the address. 



Names cannnt be guessed, so write them plainly and in full. If a 

 lady, alwavs write it the same— not Mrs. Saniautha Allen one time 

 and Mrs. Josiab Allen next. If you ilo not write Miss or Mrs. before 

 your signature, do not be offended if we make a mistake 00 this point. 



Errors. — We make them ; so doi^s every one. and we will cheerfully 

 correct them if you write us. Try to write us good iiaiuredly, but if 

 you cannot, then write to us any way. i)o not complain to any 

 one else ur let it pass. We want an early opportunity to make right 

 any injui^tice we may do. 



ADVEKTISI>'(i KATES.-From Uhuv ot Junuary, 

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CIIII.I> ItUOS. & CO., PublUherH, 

 No. 725 Filbert Street, I'hUadelphIa, Penna. 



THE LAST OF VOLUME IV. 



The Au£?iist numbfr of The Farm and Garden 

 completes the fourth vohime. As many of our 

 , subscriptions expire with thi.s number, we take 

 this opportunity of asliing every friend of the 

 paper to renew his own name, and get the sub- 

 scriptions of his neighbors. The question is this: 

 Do you consider the Farm and Garden worthy 

 of a wide circulation? If you do, let your answer 

 be a club. 



The motto, "Honest pay for hojiest work," 

 should be the guide for fixing the salaries of our 

 postmasters. The plan now iu vogue,— extrava- 

 gant pay for inferior work,— is the cause of the 

 disgusting spectacle now to be witnessed in 

 thousands of smaller towns. We believe it to be 

 Ds disgraceful for democrats to persistently fight 

 for the post-office as it is for the Republican in- 

 cumbent, who has done all in his power to pre- 

 vent the success of the present Administration, 

 to piteously beg of the victors to spare him, and 

 to promise his unconditional support if spared. 



The adaptation of the motto, "honest pay for 

 honest work," will tend to decrease the number 

 and persistency of office-seekers. 



We would suggest one more reform in postal 

 matters. Wherever practicable, the post-office 

 ought to be separated from other business pur- 

 suits. Store-keepers are apt to favor their indi- 

 vidual customers, and let Uncle Sam's customers 

 ■wait. Applicants who intend and promise to 

 attend to the post-office business personally, and 

 without the assistance of deputies, should have 

 the preference. In many smaller towns there 

 are too many persons handling the mail. 



Prof. Riley, Entomologist of the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, we see recommends the 

 trial of ice water for the green caj^bage worm. 

 We were advised a few years ago to use hot water. 

 This vibrating between liot and cold is the more 

 amusing to us, as it does not hurt the worms 

 any. The green cabbage worms, as every practi- 

 cal cabbage-grower knows, will stand the 

 frost and cold— they will even live through 

 winter in the larval state, ready for another 

 season's duty. The ice or ice water has no 

 terrors for them. The worms are found so 

 concealed by the leaves that neither hot nor cold 

 water can reach them. And while water hot 

 enough will kill them, it will also do the same to 

 the cabbage. We advise Prof. Riley to go slow 

 on ice water. It may do very well for a summer 

 drink to those who have it, but it will be useless 

 for the farmer to carry 

 around the cabbage patch. 

 For the tired farmer it 

 will be poor amusement. 



should beontheajprt for a chance to plow iu a 

 green crop. Although we are prone to regard 

 Augustas a month of liar vest to a certain extent, 

 old observances should be discarded, and the 

 restoration of fertility aimed at while it is 

 growing time. As the rains are more favorable 

 this month than last, a good, thick sowing of 

 buckwheat, corn, or millet, to be turned under 

 at any time most convenient, will be quite an 

 advantage in preparing ground for the spring 

 crops, and especially if a good liming follows 

 immediately after the green stuff is turned under. 

 It is not necessary to harrow or roll, for the 

 rough plowing leaves the ground in good shape 

 for the frost. Millet and buckwheat grow quickly, 

 and are excellent agents for this purpose. If 

 desired, rye can be sown, witliout injury, foi** 

 spring pasturage, and will be eaten ofl' iu time 

 for corn. 



We need a few copies of the Farm and Garden 

 for 1881 and 1882. If any of our readers who have 

 them, will send them to us we will credit them 

 with additional time on their subscription. 



FARMER'S HOME GARDEN. 



I out-witted the hens at last, and I will tell you 

 how it was done, even if the information may 

 not be of use to you for this season. Put it away 

 in your memory for the future ; you can do it as 

 easily as I could. 



We had some late plantings of cucumbers, 

 mo.stly of the quick-growing "Green Cluster" 

 variety. Idle curiosity induced a lot of -pesky 

 hens to investigate our worlv ; chance for mischief 

 and cucumber seeds afterwards proved attrac- 

 tions which they found irresistible. Every hill 

 was dug Over and robbed of the seeds. We re- 

 planted, but met with no better success. At last 

 I planted the hills for the third time and at once 

 soaked each of them thoroughly with about one 

 half-bucketful of hot soapsuds. The hens came 

 again and scratched nearly the whole patch over, 

 to which proceedings I could offer no objections, 

 as they left the newly planted and soaked hills, 

 which were too wet for them. 



The cucumbers had nearly all come up the 

 fourth day after planting, and are doing nicely. 

 If hot soap suds are not handy, cold water may 

 answer every purpose, though the heat of the 

 suds; probably hastened germination, and the 

 suds themselves, acting as a fertilizer, gives lux- 

 uriance to the vines. m^ 



We have "given the James Vick strawberry 

 another trial, this time under-high cultivation 

 and under the single-plant system. Yet, the 

 yield was anything but satisfactory. The plants 

 were very large and thrifty, the fruit stalks nu- 

 merous and well loaded, but the berries hardly 

 medium in size, with only.few large, and many 

 small and imperfect ones. The berry is firm and 

 solid, good for canning, which is about all that I 

 can say in its favor. Under the matted-row sys- 

 tem, the James Vick has proved of no account 

 everywhere I met with it. 



Even experienced potato-growers would hardly 

 recognize the Early Ohio potato in our patch. 

 The plants of this very dwarf sort, which were 

 grown from whole potatoes, are so unusually 

 large and dark-colored that they might be mis- 

 taken for a late, tall-growing variety. The bugs, 

 numerous as they are, aflect these plants very 

 little. The patch promises a very large yield 



The difl^erence iu color of plants grown from 

 whole tubers and from less seed, even from as 

 much as ^one-half of whole tubers, was verv 



OUR SPECIAL WHEAT NUMBER OF THE 

 FARM AND GARDEN. 



The September Nun\ber of the Farm and 

 Garden will be the third of our series of Special 

 Numbers, and the foUoling brief announcement 

 will partially outline its contents. 



WHEAT: Its Early Hii^tory and Priinative Ciil- 

 tiv;itiuii. 



It8 Numes and Characteristics in all Countries 



and Climates. 

 Varieties; Uennled and Uald, Ueil and Whitei 



Spring .md \\ inter. 



The growth of the industry in the United States 



and in Foreign Countries. 



Soil aud Climates suited fur Wheats 



Diseases of Wheat, 



Saving aud Prciiaration of Scecl. 



Planting. 



Breeding and llibridizing. 



The EITects of Inbreeding. < liniatv and Soill 



upon Varieties. 



The Advantages of ISrondcasting and Drilline. 



Manures and Fertilizers— An E.vhaustivo aud 



Interesting Account of the Eflects. 



Composts for Wheat. 



EflTecta of Diflcreut ]>l:tni)rcs on dlraNs folloivinff 

 the Crop. 



A Review of the whole Fertilizer Question. 



Spring and Fall Seeding. 



Facts and Theories about Cultivation after 



Planting. 



Harvesting—Methods and Improvements of the 



Present Day, The Calilbrnia Ileadera, 



The Western Threshing Rigs. 



Cleaning, Grading Whrat. Marltcts for it. 



Storing. Handling in Klevators, 



The Railroad Question. Its EITects upon Prices 



and Profits to Crro^vers 

 The Experiments we Desire our Readers to 



make, 

 "Probable Wheat T^nnds of the Future— South 

 America, i>Iaiiitobn, TrMlia. Russia, and 

 31exico considered as Pe dblc Competitors of 

 the United States. 



marked, particularly in the early stages of 

 growth. The plants from smaller seeding ap- 

 peared decidedly yellow, compared with the rich 

 dark-green of the whole potato-plantings. 



In many localities, celery for winter use may 

 still be planted. It needs a great deal of moisture^ 

 The farmer having but a few plants, can well 

 aflTordtogive his celery row an occasional thor- 

 ough soaking. Keep free from weeds. A top- 

 dressing of salt is beneficial, and this vegetable 

 can stand right smart of it, without suffering 

 injury. ^ 



Persons who are foi^d of salads— we are— should 

 try corn-salad or *' fetticus." Sow a bed of it this 

 month or next. Cover at the approach of winter 

 with coarse litter. The corn-salad will come 

 handy in winter or early spring. 



Every farmer who be- 

 lieves in high tillage and 



FOR A CLUB OF FOUR SUBSCRIBERS AT 25 CENTS EACH 



WE WILL GIVE FOUR COPIES OF 

 "^Io-^p%r to I*roii»sa,t© A.X3.C]. C3-r-o-d7- HB'r-ti.it," 



Ay^D AN EXTRA COPY TO THE LENDER OF THE CLUB. 



Ti'.'?„?°?'5,.™",',?'°,^.?', soiy.condensed pages, lull book size: ovej- 50 Illustrations, and two beautiful 



keeping land full to the l\'V°n'''*>''''''','^°'"'''''' P'?''^*'''5"'''^''''^m'P? '?''^*J-"r"''-™"'.' ''PP™''''^ ™«'hod3 found iu noother pnblira^ 

 Ktamiarrt nf fprtHitv It tells how to propagate and .((row all kinds ot fruit with illustratious showing Low to bud and graft. It 

 stanaara ot lertiuty, also gives directions for laying out gardens, fruit farms, etc., etc. 



Our e.xperimental potato plot shows off well at 

 this writing. We expect to gain very valuable 

 information from thi.s year's experiments, and 

 to be able to decide this fall which is the best 

 combination of distance in the drill and amount 

 of seed, for early as well as late varieties. The 

 soil used for these experiments is rather rich — 

 rich enough to grow a 1500 bushel crop of mangels 

 to the acre. Next yeai'we shall repeat the same 

 series of experiments on poor soil, or on 

 soil of less than medium 

 fertility. 



We do not expect to 

 grow a crop of 1390 bushels 

 to the acre, nor will we 

 brag about what we think 

 we can do. The yields will 

 be carefully measured 

 and correctly reported,' 



