THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



found to be the work of the peach borer, aod not 

 the ordinary yellows. "We find, in every ease we 

 examine, that peach trees grown in wood-pile 

 dirt are the healthiest trees. We liave seen very 

 many of them, and never saw the yellows among 

 them. Peach trees come up freely around the 

 logbanks of saw mills, and in tlie bark, chips, 

 and rotten wood, and are always healthy. The 

 supposed fungoid of the peach yellows is not 

 bred from the fungus of rotten wood, as the po- 

 tato rot may be produced from it. 



No better season to cut off water sprouts, suck- 

 ers, and small limbs from all kinds of fruit trees 

 than August. Such is the growth of the tree in 

 August that few new suckers are reproduced, 

 and when once cut off the job is done for good. 

 Cut at any other season, the sprouts are rapidly 

 reproduced, and the work is all to do over again. 

 It is only- with difficulty, at other seasons, that 

 such suckers and sprouts can be subdued. We 

 do not advise'the cutting ofi' of large limbs, for 

 the reason that trees will not stand such butcher- 

 ing in August, and all large limbs are to be left 

 for winter or spring pruning. For thu cutting oft 

 of all small branches and thinning out tops, no 

 other month is so desirable. Cut all the water 

 sprouts and^suckers closely, and do not bruise or 

 injure the bark of the tree. 



"We find the U. S. Entomologist, recommends 

 the preparing of insecticides with what appears 

 to us to be too large a proportion of poison to the 

 other materials used. The proportion of Paris 

 green is given as three-fourths of a pound of 

 Paris green to 20 pounds of flour, or tlie same 

 amount to 40 gallons of water, when used in 

 spfaying. With such large proportions the foli- 

 age will be injured, and oo better result will fol- 

 low than if 50 pounds of flour or lOO gallons of 

 water are used. Use weaker solutions and spray 

 more thoroughly. The department also recom- 

 mends one-fourth of a pound of hellebore with 

 one gallon of water. We recommend one heap- 

 ing tablespoonful to two gallons of water, which 

 will be found, in practice, the proper proportion. 

 The llurul New I'orAc?' uses one heaping table- 

 spoonful of hellebore and two of alcohol, and 

 that used with two gallons of water. 



The Farmer's lieview says > " Pear blight is Hk^ 

 source of much annoyance to fruit-growers. Of, 

 late years it has been recommended to seed down 

 a pear orchard to grass as a preventive of blight.'' 

 The editor of the Oermnntotvu Teteyraph says: 

 ** We never had a tree to blight in grass, though 

 they were of all ages, from three years up to one 

 hundred and seventy-five, and of al»ont ten va- 

 rieties, while scarcely a year passes in whii-h we 

 do not lose one or more by blight in cultivated 

 ground." We first saw grass mentioned as a pre- 

 ventive of blight in our columns in May, 1S81, 

 and more fully by T. V, Munson, of Denison, 

 Texas, in our June number of last year. We arc 

 glad to see that the information we gave our 

 readers at that time has been so fully wrought 

 out by the experience of so many practical gr<.)w- 

 ers. We seldom advance new theories, and 

 should not then have done so, had it not 

 been so forcibly proved to us by repeated observa- 

 tion of the advantage of the plan to which we 

 gave circulation. 



We see advised the use of bottles filled with 

 sweetened water hung in the trees to entrap 'the 

 Codling Moth. The time is wasted in all such 

 experiments. The Codling Moth belongs to the 

 ratbCv' intelligent orderof insects, and knows the 

 ditlerci'cc between a sweet apple and a bottle of 

 eweetenod water. They are not taken in by it. 

 We saw i ^commended, a few years ago, the use 

 of sweeten.'id corn cobs hung in plum trees to 

 entice the cv'rculio to lay their eggs on them in- 

 stead of the plum ; when by burning the cobs the 

 eggs would be destroyed. We saw in some plum 

 trees, when traveling, almost as many corn cobs 

 tied as there were supposed to be curculios. The 

 curculious from being so long in the business of 

 stinging plums, know at once that a fraud was 

 being perpetrated on them, and stung the plums 

 as usual. We hopetheclassof intelligent writers 

 will increase, and all quack nostrums we see g*>ing 

 the rounds, like tramps, and equally as worthless, 

 shall be consigned to the waste basket, where 

 they properly belong. 



We earnestly advise in sections where there is 

 any danger of fruit trees winter-killing, that the 

 trees be cultivated not later than July. If weeds 

 start or if the grass is troublesome, and clean 

 culture desirable, use a hoc to era<lieate them. 

 Do not loosen the ground, but scrape the surface. 

 The boe needs to be sharp, and the surface soil 

 only skimmed over. Later and deeper cultiva- 

 tion makes a late growth of new and soft wood 

 that does not ripen, and will either winter-kill or 

 be so much injured by the severity of winter that 

 the grain of the wood will be ruptured by freez- 

 ing and thawing. The imni;iture wood being 

 Cull of sap, the injury will be so great that in 

 .spring the flow cannot take place, as the cells 



apd fibre are so destroyed that a stagnation of 

 the sap occurs, and blight follows, which injures 

 the tree. Make all the wood you can early in the 

 season. L-aler check the growth and ripen the 

 wood, and your trees will be hardy and not so 

 .liable to scalds and blights the following spring 

 and summer. 



We see going the rounds of our exchanges, the 

 recommendation of a " Connecticut Farmer " to 

 rid the orchards of the canker worms by the use 

 of bands coated with some sticky substance, like 

 printers' ink. This entraps the wingless females 

 in their ascent of the ti-ee to lay their eggs. It 

 looks very well on paper, but in practice will sel- 

 dom be found useful. The females of the baring 

 canker worms are often found ascending the trees, 

 on a warm day, as early as February, if a thaw 

 occurs, and when the ink ishardened by cold the 

 female, which will endure freezing, will easily pass 

 over the surface, ascend the tree, and lay their 

 eggs wiiicli are not hurt by cold weather. The 

 young worms are often all sweptotf by cold spells 

 following their batching. "Connecticut Farmer" 

 also says: '* There are two broods each year, and 

 the bands should be used in May and again in 

 August." What nonsense the poor larmer is en- 

 tertaine'd with! The canker worm is batched 

 and fully grown in May, at the time when he ad- 

 vises the use of bands to keep the eggs from being 

 deposited. There is but one brood in a year of 

 the spring or fall canker worm.* Both appear at 

 once in the spring. The Fall species lay their 

 eggs usually in October and November, often 

 during freezing weather, not in August of the 

 Connecticut Farniar. 



Our esteemed and valuable contemporary, the 



Westei^n Rural, says somebody in the East has 

 been criticising some of the excellent results of 

 Mr. Peter M. Gideon's experiments in apple cul- 

 ture, and that Mr. Gideon has sent to the Home 

 Farm a red hot rci)ly. Wu have not seen the re- 

 ply of Mr. Gideon, and do not know of what he 

 complains. We know of no ojie in the East^who 

 does not give Mr. Gideon all the credit he is 

 justly deserving, and who does not lielieve, 

 I with the Western ICnraf, that he is certainly enti- 

 ' tied to his country's gratitude. We do know 

 that Minnesota has not done fairly by Mr. Gid- 

 eon, M'ho lias s;Lcriliced i1drty~one yearn of me best 

 of liis life to promote her pomological interests. 

 Mr. Gideon struggled not only with the climate, 

 to make Minnesota a fruit-growing iState, but 

 also against poverty, and spent all the little 

 means he iiad to solve the problem of fruit-grow- 

 ing for that section. Has Minnesota done him 

 justice? Has the State given him the b<jnors to 

 which he is justly entitled? Way Mr. (iideon 

 allowed to once represent the State at any of the 

 pomolo;L^ical exhibitions either at Richmond, 

 Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, 

 Kansas City, or New Orleans? He was compelled 

 not only to wrestle with poverty, but also to see 

 others till the place he was justly entitled to fill, 

 and gain the information he so eagerly desired 

 to aid him in the pursuit of the problem to which 

 he luul" devoted the energies of so many years. 

 We* did not see Mr. Gideon at the pomological 

 exhibit at New Orleans as much as we desired. 



for no one could have done her more ht^nor. We 

 met Mr. George P. Pefler, of Wisconsin, who 

 has done for that State something as Mr. Gideon 

 has for Minnesota, and Wisconsin honored her- 

 self in naming Mr. Pefler to represent her at 

 New Orleans. To our mind, when we met that 

 sturdy representative of Wisconsin pomology, 

 whose face was bronzed by exposure, and his 

 hand hardened by toil. The hearty shake of 

 it struck us that Wisconsin had sent one who 

 did her more honor and her pomological 

 interests a better representation than could 

 have been done by all the political favorites or 

 dudes that she could produce. We learn, with 

 regret, that Mr. Gideon proposes to leave Min- 

 nesota, feeling that the State has not done him 

 justice. We duly appreciate his sacrifices for 

 her pomology. 



COMMENTS FROM THE PEOPLE. 



Harry Metters, Olyphant, Pa.: "I have learned 

 more than five times the cost of your paper from 

 the three numbers." 



Mrs. R. E. Baldwin, Tionesta, Pa.: '* I like The 

 Fakm and Garden very much, as it has such 

 entertaining instruction and information on 

 just such subjects as we need to know about. I 

 take solid CLiiiiort reading it, although I have no 

 means of gratilyin^ my love of farming, only in 

 rearing and caring for a few fowls." 



J. W. Olds, Petersburg, 111.: *'I find since my 

 Farm and Garden ceased, that it was one of the 

 brightest and best papers that comes to my read- 

 ing table, and I cannot do without it." 



W. B. Affleck, Chamberlain, Dak^ " I wish 

 The Farm .\nd Garden could be pushed. - It is 

 an invaluable little magazine. Everybody that 

 either farms or gardens for profit should take it. 

 It is pure, interesting, and wonderfully instruc- 

 tive." 



Orville Bassett, Springfield, III.: *'I think your 

 paper is the best paper printed of the kind, and I 

 have carefully distributed all the i)apers you 

 have sent me, among the farmers that go by my 

 place." 



Mrs. L. E. Brubaker, Uniontown, Md.: '* My 

 roses arrived safely about a week ago. They 

 were in excellent condition, unsurpassed by any 

 I have yet received by mail, and I think every 

 one will grow. Please accept my thanks." 



Henry S. Stipp, Watsonville, Cal.: *' The Farm 

 AND Garden is a most welcome and highly ap- 

 preciated visitor around our hearthstone, and we 

 await its kindly and monthly greetings with 

 anxious and fond expectancy. Long may it live 

 to cheer and instruct its many admiring friends 

 and patrons." 



( Miss E. "V. Callendine, Fowlers, W. Va.: " Your 

 letter with enclosure received, for which accept 

 my thanks I feel quite proud t« think I was 

 one of the lucky ones in winning the gold. I am 

 •so M'cll pleased, I will feel lilce working for such 

 a reliable firm again." 



John J. Dwyer, Plymouth, Pa.: "The Farbi 

 and Garden pleas»?s me very much. It is a 

 'daisy.' Long may it live. It may come at the 

 eleventh hour, but it is never too late to do good. 

 1 have enlisted with you for life." 



Orders for our special Strawberry Number 

 (April, 188.5,) can be promptly tilled. Send five 

 cents in stamps. 



Please Tiimtion THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



CIDER 



MAKERS 



Should nentlbr our NEW CDCr 

 1 88S OATALOeUE msiledr 11 L t 



Boomer & Bosclifrt Press Co. Syracuse, S. Y 



A dT?'WT'C Wantetl on Snlnrv or roniini«(8ion. 

 A.UrXil'V AO jas. E. Whitney, NurserVman, Rochesler. N.Y. 



Strawberry. Rasn^erry, Blackberry. 

 Currants. Grapes. 



rlhoro. Kurly t'luw- 

 ira, Comet. Kleffep, 

 Semi for tata- 



-Mt-r. 1:11. Si; 



^ Pe.ich r. 



'"^rJOHN S.COLLINS, 



CIDER 



;>i I I.I.S. (; 1! A IN DKIl.I.S. 

 rOKN l» I, A NT K us. SPK- 

 t'l AI.TI i:s. s.iiil liii IlUisUaled 

 Caliiloiiue. A. IS. I'" AUIJIII AU. VOIMv, I'A. 



~I)IXIE PATENT DUPLEX 



PEACH STONER. 



Willi one hIi-oUc «I Ibe lever, tliis iiincliiiie ^vill 

 linlve >he |ie:ich. witlmut wHste, niid remove 

 the Mtf>iie from e i t h <• r fi-ec or cMng-^ttone 

 liearlies, leaving ilie fruit in liue cuuditioii, 

 i'ea<ly for evaiMHaiiiiu. 



They are well con^ii iNUii— entirely of iron or steel; 

 luiveaquick and fasy Tiii>\'fiiifnt ; :ire not liahiPto in- 

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 want lorn; felt anionu' iifaili-^rniuris e v e r v vv li tr »■. 

 AGKNTS WANTEIJ. K«.i- .-ircnlai-s. atidri'ss ih.-aolc 

 iiianufaclurer, Robt. Biitterworib, Trenton, N, J, 



GRAPE; 



FINES— Po'keepsie, Red Ulster, 

 Proliflc. MA<;AI{A,and other 

 ">iiaiiil jteir rar**-/ !>,,;, Strawberries, 

 Blackberries ItlAKI.HOKO & 

 "^^^ "* ™™ " *^ ^^ other Raspberries. Catalogue /rea 

 JUIiL, HOKNKK &, ■«iON, i>|gr.l iaiitvilli- . N. J. 



TUP RDCAT^'EW QUINCE. "MEECH'S PRO- 



inC UriLHlLiriC." SendtorCirmlar. Largest 



stock ol .>liillM-i-r} iiitht' country. Catalou'iies Free, 



HAWCE & BORDEW, Rumson Nurseries, RED BANK. N. J. 



I 



Nl AGARA WHITE GKAPE. MARLBOKO Ha berry. 

 H. S. Akderbon. Union Springs. N.YfCatab-.^je.rrf e 



Locust Grove Nurseries. 



Choice 'I'lees. A'ijMs ;iiiii Plains. Ail Uie new varieties. 

 Mancliesler .straw I'en i.s, Hansejl Itaspberries, Kieflfer 

 Pear Trees. Pejirli Tr.-c.-. :i specialty. Large stock 

 and low prices. Semi l.tr .inLilar Tu 



J. ItltAY, It I'll Knnk N. J. 



EVAPORATORS. 



S:J..'50. $6.00. AND SIO.OO. 



Semi tor circnlar. EASTERN MANU- 

 FACT'G CO.. 268 S. Fifth SI. Phlla. 



FAIRVIEW NURSERIES-i««5-^ 



aOO ACl! I'S IN I'lU ITTUKKS AND 



s:>IAI.I, MM IT PLANTS. 

 J'2.'5.tttM» I'rm li 'li. es, choice Kit iter and 

 lif ('(Mill* I'car 'trees. Ali i<imls of nur- 

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 <'"'■''•. I. PEH KINS. MOORESTOWN. H. J 



PORTABLE EVAPORATOR 



Will dry all kiinls i>f l-'riiit liainlw<inu-ly and 



H. TOPPINC^MARioNi'N^^^ YORK. 



