8 



THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



IlIYE SlTOGI^. 



ECONOMY IN FEEDING. 



It Is a common expression that a cei-tain ani- 

 mal on the farm does not eat nmch, and this is 

 considered as an advantage. Just the opposite 

 should he desired. In feeding animals, the de- 

 sideratum is tlie conversion of food into meat, 

 milk, or butter, and the greater the feeding ca- j 

 pacity of tlie animal the greater its u.sefulness, 

 provided it m.nmilatcs its food. Like any other 

 machine, the animal is intended to manufacture i 

 the raw product into a commercial commodity, ' 

 and tlie more of tlie raw product it uses the bet- ', 

 ter. We must not overlook tlie fact, however, ' 

 that some animals do not give as good results on 

 the same quantity of food as others, and it is 

 there tlie farmer must look. He will then learn j 

 that something depends upon the kind of animal 

 he uses, exactly as any manufacturer is afTected j 

 in his production by the kind of machine he I 

 uses. Some machines will perform twice as much \ 

 service as others with tlie same power, hut witli 

 a first class machine he will not object to the 

 power, if its capacity requires it to be great. .\n 

 animal should be required to give equally as 

 good results for its care as tlie macliine does to 

 the manufacturer. It is business, and does not 

 pay unless conducted on tht'most economical sys- 

 tem. Economy of feeding is tliat method which 

 uses only those animals that are capable of di- 

 gesting and a.ssimllating large quantities of food 

 —the larger the better, and the animal that eats 



but little and produces 

 discarded. 



accordingl.v, sliouhl be 



THE GROWTH OF Y OUNG STOCK. 



But few farmers use the scales in determining 

 the ratio of growth among their young stock, and 

 but few of them can tell how much a young aiil- j 

 mal ought to weiih at a certain age. Of course, | 

 a very young animal grows faster than wlnn 

 further advanced, but up to a parlicnlur age it 

 ■will increase more rapidly in weight than when 

 very young, as It lias greater feeding capacity. 

 Using live weight as a comparison, some of the 

 thoroughbreds wlirweigh a pound for each day's 

 age if of hogs and sheep, and two pounds if of 

 cattle. lierkshirc pigs are not uncoinmoii that 

 reach HUl pounds when three months old, while 

 lambs will attain eiiiially as higli weights if of 

 tlie large breeds. .\ shearling ram was exhibited 

 last season that weighed over :iilO ptiuinls, while 

 hogs cxcee<lcd that weight at ten months. Steers 

 sometimes weigh l."iiK> pounds when two years of 

 age, while individuals in competition arc even 

 heavier. • 



Those who produce such animals use the scales 

 often. They know exactly what progress they 

 are making, and feed lor such resull.s. They com- 

 bine the (|ualities of the /eed .-ftid the hrecrf, and 

 endeavor to gel as much as possible in the short- 

 est space of time. Tlicy l.;ioir the breeds and use 

 them. They are aware of the fact tliat some 

 breeds assimilate more food and give off less 

 waste than others, and as their motive Is to con- 

 vert food into a salabl.- product, they endeavor 

 to do .so ipiickly and economically. I''armers, 

 therefore, will tind it to their advantage to fre- 

 quently weigh the young stock, and nole the 

 ratio of increase in weight. By so doing, they 

 will be enabled to discover the cause of any fail- 

 ure on the part of the stock, and to correct all 

 mistakes. '1'\>C time is coming when no farmer 

 will be satistled with less than two pounds a day 

 from birth for his two-ycarold steers, nor le.ss 

 than a pound a day for his barrows and wi'thers 

 up to one year of age. .\fter approaching matu- 

 rity the gjuiis arc not so great, but previous to 

 that time every young animal should be pushed. 



STOCK NOTES. 



Flaxseed fok Stock.— Leaving out tiie real 

 value of Ilaxseed as an al'ticle oi luod for stock, 

 it will improve ail animals to which it is fed by 

 loosening the hide, regulating the bowels, and 

 rendering other Itinds of food more palatable and 

 digestible when mixed witli it. A handful daily 

 to a horse or cow, will more than return a com- 

 pensation for ita use, 



Ensil.age and Coxden.sed Milk.— The oppo- 

 nents of ensilage claimed that the factories would 

 not use ensilaged milk for tlieir tr:Mle, but upon 

 interrogating the manufacturers, they admitted 

 they had no reason for such prejueliee, and tliat 

 all of them rejected the milk because one of the 

 others did so. Ttiey admit, however, tliat liiey 

 know notiiing of its qualities. 



L.A.TE Pigs. — .should the sow come in during 

 the warm months, feed heron slop composed of 

 scalded middlings and ground oats, with all the 

 grass and weeils she can eat. Keep the pigs grow- 

 ing on the same kind of food, so'as to have them 

 in good condition by winter. They will need but 

 little corn, which should be given once a day 

 after the cold weather sets in. 



JliLK .AND Bitter Records.- Although some 

 journals ridicule the great .yields on the part of 

 individual cows, claiming that the value of the 

 feed is greater than the produce, yet, it is gratify- 

 ing to know that our domestic animals have 

 attained a greater usefulness, the record indi- 

 cating what ran be done under favorable-circum- 

 stances. Improvcmeiil is rapid, and the records 

 of a few may be general among all in aii(»tlier 

 decade. 



Bi'TTER In Family Use.— If you do not intend 

 to ship your butter, try this method of using it 

 on tlie table. As soon as the oiitter comes, draw 

 olTthe buttermilk, and add strong salt and water. 

 Give tlie churn a few revolutions, so as to wash 

 out the buttermilk, draw olf the water, take tint 

 the butler, drain ofl the water as much as possi- 

 ble, and place the butter on the table in the 

 granular state, wltliout working it. rAll the 

 aroma will be retained, and it will be a perfect 

 luxury. 



Judging by Color and Hair.— Now that the 

 escutcheon theory has been eliminated from the | 

 Jersey standard, the claim has been made that • 

 the milking qualities ftf the Holstcins may be 

 known by the light or dark color. The sooner 

 these outward signs he discarded, the better. The 

 capacity of a cow depends on bet digestive organs 

 and the jiosition and structure of hermillv veins 

 and uddci", anU Jier internal arrangement luis 

 nothing to do with her outward appearances, so 

 far as color is concerned. 



Feeding Hay in si'.mmkr.- It may not be gen- 

 erally known that when- horses and cows are 

 kept on the pasture tor a great length of time, 

 that tney will gladly accept hay as a change, 

 especially ifthe pastures do not contain a variety 

 of grasses. This fact demonstrates that tlie 

 stock craves sonictliing of a dilTerent character, 

 and should be supplied. .\ poor pasture will not 

 alford sutlieieni lunirishment to mares an^ cows 

 that are nursing their young, and a liberal supply 

 of grain should be given them at night. 



Heavy Wekjiits of Oxkords.— In a flock of 

 Oxfords is a young ram four months old, a twin, 

 that weighs 13(1 pounds. We witnessed the weigh- 

 ing of the lamb, and know his age. If, by the 

 use of thoroughbreds, a young lamb will reach 

 I 130 pounds in lonr months, which is greater than 

 the weight of some of the common sheep at 

 1 maturity, is it not unwise to claim that sheep do 

 ' not pay as long as the common l*reeds alone are 

 kept? It is not unusual for the Oxfords, Slirop- 

 shires, and Hainpshires to weigh 7.5 pounds at 

 three months of age. 



"What is thewoist thing about money," asked 

 a Sunday School teacher. " Its scarcity " replied 

 a boy promptly. 



A man has no more right to say an uncivil 

 tiling than to act one; no more rlgiit t« speak 

 rudely, than to knock a man down. 



Avoid the .scolding tone. The tired mother 

 may find it hard to do this, but it is she that 

 will reap most benefit from following the rule. 



The way to keep money is to earn it fairly and 

 honestly. Money so earned is apt to stay by its 

 possessor. Chance gains take to themselves 

 wings. 



Eli Perkins classifies his audiences tlius:— "The 

 fldgelyiles, tlie intcrruptives. the all-attentives, 

 the hard-to-lifts, the wont-applauds, and tlie get- 

 ui>and-go-outs." 



r>r. Holland says : "The loafer lies about ' the 

 •world owing him a living.' "It owes him nothing 

 but a rough coffin, and a retired and otherwise 

 useless place to put it in." — 



" Woman's rights ! " said a man resentfully^ 

 "what more do women want. My wife bosses 

 me, our daugliters bo.ss us both, and tlie hired 

 girl bosses the whole famil.v." 



Men and women who follow one single line of 

 thought are always narrower in mind and more 

 cir<-umscribed in powers than those who have a 

 wider Held of vision and larger culture. 



Said the dying Scotch Laird to his son "Jock, 

 when >e hae naetliing else to do, ye may be 

 sticking in a tree; it will be a growing, Jock, 

 when ye're sleeping." — Heart of Mid-LotMan. 



To Remove Rusted Bolts or Xi-ts.- Apply 

 kerosene oil liberally, and allow a little time for 

 it to penetrate. Build a little funnel of cla}' about 

 the nut, nil it with «i\, and allow it to remain a 

 <ew hours. 



Annual income twenty pounds. Annual ex- 

 penditure nineteen pounds and sixpence. Re- 

 sult— happiness. Annual income twenty pounds; 

 expenditure twenty pounds and sixpence. Re- 

 sult—misery.— Wilkiiis Miraiiliir. 



.Said Luther:— "That little bird has chosen its 

 .shelter, and is about to go to sleep in tranquility ; 

 it has no disquietude, ncllher does it consider 

 where it shall rest to-morrow night ; but it sits in 

 peace on that slender branch, leaving it to God 

 to provide for it." 



"What makes Mrs. Jones so popular, I am 

 sure slie is wry stupid, aiul can hardly see be- 

 yond her nose?" said onj lady friend to another. 

 " My dear, sharp-sightedncss is not what makes 

 a person popular. It is what Mrs. Jones does not 

 see that gives her popularity." 

 t 



The Sultan of Turkey once wishing to raise 

 money for traveling expenses, gave notice that 

 all government officials, whose salaries exceeded 

 a certain sura, would lor one month receive only 

 half pay, the other lialf going into the royal 

 pocket. Who would not be a Turk ! 



Hog Cholera.— it is generally conccfled that 

 when hogs have plenty of gra."is, they are exempt 

 from cholera. It is the sameness of diet that has 

 heretofore done so much damage, and farmers 

 have learned a lesson therefrom. 



Young stock.— Calves and colts should be- 

 turned into the pasture as soon as old enough at 

 this season, us the matured grass does not disor- 

 der the bowelias is t he case when t hey are turned 

 upon the young gra.ss in the .spring. 



Breeding Animals.— The cliances are that a 

 very fat animal will not breed. This is true with 

 nearly all classes. Should they breed. l)»»wever, 

 the young will he weak at birth, witlmut suffi- 

 cient vitality to help themselves. The cow is 

 kept down, by being frequently milked, to near 

 her period, but mares should be moderately 

 worked, while sows and ewes must be fed on 

 bulky food, such as grass, with no corn, and only 

 a small allowance of grain of any kind. The 

 thoroughbred animals are not as good breeders 

 as the natives, owing to their tendency to take 

 on fat, and hence great care must he taken in 

 feeding them. 



Odds and €nds 



Said John Wesley, " I dare no more fret than I 

 dare curse and swear." 



It is exceedingly bad husbandry.to harrow up 

 the feelings of your wife. 



Never speak of a man in his own presence. It 

 is always indelicate, and may be offensive. 



Men who go through the world in armordefend 

 themselves from quite as much good as evil. 



" I should so like a coin dated the year of ray 

 birth," said a maiden lady to Jones. " Do you 

 think you could get one for me?" 



" I am afraid not. Those vary old coins are only 

 to be found in collections." .\nd yet, he cannot 

 see why, when lie met the lady next day, she did 

 not speak to him. 



A Parisian dancing-master advertises a large 

 stock of yonng men always on hand, well curled, 

 dressed, gloved, with ekiant manners, discreet 

 and animated, to supply parties having an un- . 

 expected dearth of male guests. They are to "mix 

 in" with the other guests as distinguished 

 .strangers, the fact that they are hired at so much 

 a head, being kept carefully in the back-ground. 



"I would not give much for that man's religion," 

 said Whitfield, " Where eat and dog were not 

 the better for it. . 



Children can be taught a thousand times more 

 quickly, by example than by precept, to .speak 

 kindly, to acknowledge favors, to be thoughtful 

 and generous toward the other members of tlie 

 family. 



When the celebrated Dr. Potts was a clerk in 

 Pliiladelphia, he once carried a bill to a Quaker, 

 who hioked at the signature at the bottom and 

 blandly asked: 



" What is that, my friend ? " 



" That is my name, sir." 



" What is thy name ? " 



" William S. Potts." 



" Well, William, will thee plea.se write it down 

 here plainly, so that a witness in court would 

 know it'?"' 



W.illiam learned a lesson that day he never 

 forgot. 



