12 



THE FARM AND GARDEN. 



"Vol. TV. 3sro. 2^11- 



The Farm and Garden is published af 725 i*7/- 

 bert Street, Philadelphia, Penna. It is mailed to 

 subscribers from the 2oth to the last *lay of the 

 •month preceding date of issue. The sul'scripiion 

 price iji 50 cents a year, but it is sent in clubs of A 

 or more at 25 cents a year. 



Page 1. 

 Page 2. 

 Page 3 



Page 4. 

 Page 5, 

 Page C, 



Page 7. 

 Page 8. 

 Page 9. 



Page 10. 



Page 11. 

 Page 12. 

 Page 13. 

 Page H. 

 Page 15. 

 Page 16. 



CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 



-The Farmer's Home Garden. 



-Sheep. 



-Sheep (coiilinued). 



-Slieep (c-oiuimied). 



-Sheep (continued). 



-Downing's Ever-bearing Mulberry. Fruit 



Notes. 

 -Fruit Notes (continued). 

 -Livestock. Odds and End.s. 

 -CullingOut tlieStock. Forcing YoungTurlfeys. 



Tlie Soil fur Poultry. ProtecUon against 



Depredator.s. 

 -Wliich are the Happier. .Our Help. Laying 



by in Store. Mrs Truman's Hired Boy. 



Recipes, 

 -Correspondence. 

 -Editorial Comment. - 

 -Clippings. 

 -Our Flower Garden. 

 -Our Flower Garden ("continued). 

 — Publisherii' Department. 



|B,&5 

 3.35 



These prices include the' paper named, and 

 the Farm ajsd Gakden. 



Amorlcao A^iculliirist, . $1.25 



Arthur » Home MM^cftxine, 1 75 



BrwdiTS Gazette. . . . 2.3a 



Curpeiiiry and Building, . 1.00 



Conturv Mii^iiiEiue. . . , 3.S6 



Chi.:n*;n Wuckl.v Nowx, . . 1.20 

 Ciillivixtor and Countrf 



'CeiiilciHon 2.35 



neni'ircofs Monthly. . . 1.85 



KiirHiiT M MuM^aziiie, . , . .50 



Farm Journnl 60 



FaniUTN Review 1.35 



Guldc-u Argosy, .... 1.60 



Oreen'B Frull Grower, 

 Harper'H Maffaiinc, . 



Home and Karm, To 



Household 1.10 



New York Tribune, . . . l.W 



Poiiltf? Ke<*iier, 70 



PouUrV World 1. 10 



PurdTs Fruil Recorder, . .85 



Rural New YorktT, . . . 2.25 



Saturday Fvciiins Post, . 1.S3 



Trihune and Farmer, . . 1.05 



Vlck'B Monthly 1.15 



Youth's CoinpanloD, S1.60 2.10 



€diiiioi^ial @ommbmii. 



Auguxt. "Dog-days!" All the city folks wlio 

 couUI afl'ord to do so, have left their homes and 

 hunted up safe retreat-s in the mountains and 

 along the sea-shoro, in order to eseape the dis- 

 comforts of lu'at and the danger of infection In 

 ■the crowded cit.v. /*«or city people had to sta.v, 

 nolens volciis^ and must brave all the ills, risks, 

 and inconveniences of " dog-days "in the city. 



Tlic farmi'r, however, remains contentedly on 

 his own domain. He has nothing to fear from 

 the sun-lieariis, which are his friends. They 

 purify his lionieand destroy the gcrmsofdisca.se. 

 They ripen tlie good fruits, of which he partakes 

 freely, and without fear of cholera and kindred 

 diseases. Nature is his guide, and a sufficiency 

 of both mental and manual excercise keeps him 

 in good health and good spirits. Di.scontent is a 

 good soil lor sickness, but smiling faces and 

 happy laughter i'cpcl disease. The wise farmer, 

 therefore, d<ies not grumble about small crops 

 and bad .weather. He cultivates a happy and 

 contented disposition, and enjoys good health. 



Let us repeat our last month's advice in regard 

 to the slacking of grain. Thousands of bushels 

 of wheat ami oats are wasted annually, or badly 

 damaged and reduced in selling value by poor 

 stacking. -Vcrcr let a careless or inexperienced 

 hand do the stacking of grain, if you would save 

 money. 



.Harvest your oats before they get too ripe, and 

 thereby avoid waste b.v shelling. 



When the Canadian thistle has once made Its 

 way into a locality, even a good farmer will And 

 It up-hill business to keep it out of liis grain 

 fields. Koi)eated mowing will subdue the thistle 

 Sn the end; and when an oat field is badly in- 

 fested with the curse, we would rather cut the 

 oats green and use it for fodder, than to let the 

 thistles come to maturity. If thisUy oats are to 

 be bound, it is best to rake them In bundles and 

 do the binding early in the morning or after 

 BUii-set. Use binding mittens. 



Kice, bright oat straw is a good substitute for 

 hay to feed to horses in the winter, and better 

 than poor clover hay. Try to save it in as nice 

 condition as possible. 



If you have been victorious thus far in your 

 fight against weeds, do not let up on them as" yet. 

 Drive the enemy to the wall. The progeny of "one 

 Bpecimen which you have over-looked, may give 

 you a heap of trouble in the fiilure. 



Are the road-sides all foul with thistles and 

 other weeds, or over-grown with brush and 

 briars? Cut down all that foul stuff, and improve 

 the appearance and value of your farm. 



Your pasture lots are now grazed down closely. 

 If they are weedy, it will pay you well to go over 



them with the mower, rake the weeds into heaps 

 with the wheel-rake, and burn them as soon as 

 dry enough. 



Cut down and remove the burdocks in the 

 fence corners. The burrs ma.v trouble you in 

 your horses' manes or sheeps' pelts. Milch cows 

 should now be put in new pastures, or receive 

 regular and liberal rations of green fodder, (or 

 new, sweet lia.v), and some bran and meal. It 

 will keep up the flow of milk and save fences, 

 your temper, annoyances to yourself and neigh- 

 bors, and bad feeling all around. 



Keep your chickens growing. Feed a variety 

 of food regularly, and not less than three times a 

 day, all they will eat up clean, and give all the 

 milk or buttermilk they will drink, .\nimal 

 food, bone and meat, is a great help. Cooked 

 food should be drjj and criimbli/, not sloppt/. 

 Wheat should be fed liberall,v. The more you 

 force the growth of your pullets, the earlier they 

 will commence to lay. 



Keep tlie runners ofT .your young strawberr.v 

 beds; and tlie new raspberr.v canes well trimmed. 



Turn your sheep or hogs into jour orchards. 



Pay as you go. Do your work when you ought. 

 En,ioy yourself while you may. If you do not let 

 your work get the better of you, you can well 

 afford to attend your neighborhood school and 

 Sunday-school picnics. Your wife wants you to 

 go, and if she is truly a farmer's wife, you cannot 

 find better company. Go and feel j'oung among 

 the young. , 



The following i.s said to be a sure cure for the 

 foot-rot in sheep : — 



Dissolve •'! ounces of arsenic and 1 ounce of salt 

 in one gallon of water. Put this in a trough so as 

 to have it cover the bottom two or three inches 

 deep. Now pare the sheep's hoofs, and let it 

 stand in the trough for a few minutes. Repeat, 

 if necessary. 



The present wheat crop Is the shortest that we 

 have had for years. As soon as the harvest will 

 have made this fact a dead certaint.\'*in the e.vcs 

 of the bu.vers and consumers, who are, or pretend 

 to be, still doubting Thomases, the price of wheat 

 must materially rise. AVc arc, however, not 

 looking for excessive prices. Some of our es- 

 teemed contemporaries are always in dread of 

 some prospective calamity, and choose to paint 

 our agricultural future in the darkest colors. This 

 time they arc whining and taking on terribly, 

 because there will be no wheat for export, and j 

 seem to have enlircly forgotten that our last [ 

 year's crop wa.s more than 21)0 million bushels in | 

 excess of the home demand. Onl.v a small part ! 

 of this vast amo'unt ha.s found foreign bu.vers, ; 

 and as this year's crop is fully ciiual to our I 

 annual home demand, the jircvious season's sur- 1 

 plus, now partl.v held by the producer, partly j 

 stored in elevators and ware-houses, is available | 

 for export, and will probabl.v meet a fair foreign , 

 demand, and at prices which are acceptable and ' 

 profitable to the seller. On the other hand, the 

 large oat crop, and the unprecedented, enormous 

 corn crop, while ntaking up in part for the short- 

 age ill the wheat crop, will have a tendency to 

 put a br.ake on the too rapid upward moj'ement 

 of wheat prices. 



Kill cats, dogs, crows, hawks, skunks, weasels, 

 squirrels, raccoons and the like wherever and 

 whenever you can. Save and protect snakes, 

 toads, and particularly all insectiverous birds. 

 Quails as insect-caters, are very useful. Invite 

 the cit.v huntsman, with his dogs, off your 

 premises. 



The new postal law, which took efTect on the 

 flr.st of July, and which fixes the letter rate at 

 two cents per ounce instead of per one-half ounce, 

 as heretofore, benefits writers for newspapers 

 more than any other class of people. We believe 

 that this is good enough for a beginning, and 

 furthermore, that all manuscrii>t intended for 

 publication, should be rated as third class mail 

 matter, at one cent per each two ounces. 



Mr. E. S. GofT, of the New Y'ork Experimental 

 Station, in summing up tlie results of experi- 

 ments with the White Star potato, which were 

 conducted with a view to d'etermine how much, 

 if any, of tlie substance of the tuber or cutting, 

 serves as food to the i)Iant, comes to the conclu- 

 sion " tliat even on very fertile soil, the stored 

 nutriment in the jiotato tuber furnishes a more 

 congenial food for the growing plant, than fertil- 

 izing elements in the soil. Tliat upon poor soils 

 at least an advantage ma.v be gained b.v planting 

 whole tubers, or_ large sections." We have been 

 preaching the same doctrine for years. 



unconstitutional, would not be upheld by the 



courts, and must prove ineffectual and entirely 

 useless to both the farmer and butter consumer." 

 The Court of Appeals, the highest legal authority 

 of the State, has recently declared the unconsti- 

 tutionality of lliat law. From the decision, 

 which was written b.v the noted Judge Rapallo, 

 we quote the following paragraph :— 



"This iirevenfs competition, and jilaces a bar 

 upon progress and invention. It invades rights, 

 both of jierson and of property, guaranteed by 

 the constitution. Tlie sale of a substitute for any 

 article of manufacture, is a legitimate business, 

 and if etfected without deception, cannot be arbi- 

 trarily suppressed." 



This is the only fair and just position. We 

 must consider it not only useless, but decidedly 

 harmful to further urge farmers to continue 

 fighting it out on the line indicated by these pro- 

 hibitory laws. We want no class legislation, no- 

 laws for the purpose of tiuilding up one industry 

 at the expense of another. 



There is only one reasonat^le plea which might 

 be offered in defense of prohibitory measures, — 

 the injuriousness of butter substitutes, if such 

 can be proved. But the attempt to prove it by 

 denouncing it as ** a counterfeit made of liog's 

 fat, vegetable oils, and other filthy and injurious 

 compounds,'' is a trick worth.v of the political 

 demagogue, but not of fair-minded .agricultural 

 editors. We were not aware that hog's fat and 

 vegetable oils, which so largel.v enter into articles 

 of human food, were so particularl.v filthy and 

 injurious, and even State Senator Low's recent 

 informatioM has failed to fully convince us that 

 tlic.v are. 



We earnestly hope that the fanatical advice of 

 certain agricultural pain-rs, who wish to parade 

 as " farmers' friends," while their instigations do 

 considerable mischief, will fail to lead our friends 

 to a fruitless fight against wind-mills. 



Ill one way only can we hope to compete with 

 oleomargerine successfully. We must make a 

 better article of cows' butter, and at the same 

 time insist upon the enforcement of the laws 

 which compel the manufacturer to sell only a 

 clean and wholesome article, and under its right 

 name. N'iolations should be i)Uiiislied so severely, 

 that manufactilfers would^iiot care to take the 

 risk. 



In conclusion we will call our readers' atten- 

 tion to the following opinion from the American 

 r>airt/man: — 



"The course of events in this country will 

 probably be about the same as in Euroi^e, where 

 the manufacture of oleomargerine had the effect 

 of compelling the makers of poor butter to im- 

 prove the quality of their |iroduct. (And there is 

 plent.v of latitude for improvement in this coun- 

 tr.v.— Kii. F. AXD G.) This, in turn, induced an 

 increase in consumption, which caused an ad- 

 vance in the average price of butter to a point as 

 high, or higher than the average previous to the 

 discovery of oleomargerine. Thus, dairymen 

 were not Injured, and consumers w^re bene- 

 fitted. « • « « " ^ 



At present We live in a depression, but this 

 must come to an end sometime. We should not 

 get discouraged too soon. 



As early as July, 1884, we predicted — and a safe 

 prediction it was, too — that the law by which tlie 

 New York solons attempted to suppress the 

 manufacture and sale of oleomargerine, "being* 



Our friend, farmer Atkinson, always feels 

 chuck full of " gumption." With " sleeves rolled 

 up," and hoe in hand, he starts for his corn-field, 

 but on the ajipearaiice of a cloud in the distance, 

 not bigger titan a man's hand, he gets scared in 

 view of the coming storm, throws down his hoe 

 and flees for safe shelter. That is "gumiJtion," 

 and that is the way our friend acts in regard to • 

 the sugar-question. If, as Prof. Wiley says, " the 

 7)ianu/(icturc o/ sugar /ro)n sorghum- has not yet 

 pr<n'rd financially surcrss/af, if our rrpectations 

 ?tave not been met thus far, even if it may be accep- 

 ted as a /act that the future of the soryhum-sugar in- 

 duslri/ is somewhat douljl/ul," yxe can see no cause 

 for throwing up the sponge and declaring, as our 

 friend docs, that America— the great country of 

 America, with its wonderful soil and manifold 

 possibilities— will never be able to manufacture 

 her own sugar. 



Prof Wile.v informs us that the attempt to make 

 beet sugar in Europe with as imperfect machin- 

 er.v as is used for sorghum here, would end in 

 disastrous failure, and that the chemistry of the 

 sorghum-sugar protess is not yet a science, but 

 will have to develop a science of its own. The 

 beet-sugar industry was developed largely by 

 Government aid and encouragement in European 

 countries. We have the soil, labor-saving imple- 

 ments in the culture of beet or sorghum, a Gov- 

 ernment that is liberal and able to give aid and 

 encouragement; we liavc perseverance and pluck 

 and a desire to investigate things, andcvcr.vthing 

 needful for final success. If the iiroblcm to be 

 solved be a most difficult one, we will never 

 admit that we are second to Europe in ingenuity. 

 The American people will prove to have more 

 ' gumption than our friend expects them to have, 

 ' or tlv-in he has Iwinself 



