THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



137 



rounding vessels being turgid with blood. The CESophagus, 

 rumen, and reticulum were in a normal condition. The con- 

 tents of the omasum were rather dry from retention, but no 

 structural change had taken place in the stomach itself. The 

 mucous membrane of the abomasura was slightly ulcerated in 

 small- sized patches here and there, while nearly throughout 

 its follicles were distended with lymph, more especially towards 

 the pylorus. 



The mucous membrane of the small intestines was congested, 

 the bowels themselves containing numerous flocculi of lymph. 

 Several of Peyer's glands were ulcerated. In some, arrestation 

 to this process had taken place, and the healing one had begun. 

 All these glands were covered more or less with a thickish 

 layer of effused lymph. The mucous membrane of the c;ecum 

 was extensively ulcerated at the blind end, and throughout the 

 intestines it was thickly beset with scabs of a dirty yellow 

 colour. Many of these scabs — the product of lymph effusions 

 — covered surfaces in which no disease could be detected. 

 Other of the scabs had ulceration going on beneath them, 

 while under several the healing process had commenced. They 

 varied in size from that of a small pea to the end of the fiuger. 

 They were also of different forms and thicknesses. 



The colon was in a similar condition to the crecum, as was 

 likewise the rectum to within a few inches of its termination. 

 These intestines contained no fseces, but were filled with a 

 fluid of a yellowish colour, in which floated many shreds of 

 lymph. The liver was healthy, but the lining-membrane of 

 the gall-bladder was in a precisely similar condition to that of 

 the large intestines. The kidneys were pallid, but unchanged 

 in structure. The bladder and genital organs were perfectly 

 healthy. The brain and spinal marrow gave no evidence of 

 structural change, but effusion of serous fluid had taken place 

 into the theca vertebralis. 



Case 3. 



May 7. — The animal, a very poor and weak heifer, was re- 

 ported by the sentinel on night duty at the quarantine in Kam- 

 ienica to have been observed early this morning to be giving 

 indications of the disease. The symptoms noticed by us on 

 our visit consisted in chief of spasmodic twitchings of the 

 muscles of the neck and extremities in particular, associated 

 also with general shiverings of the body at irregular intervals ; 

 pulse 60, having a sharper beat than natural ; a loathing of 

 food ; suspension of rumination ; grinding teeth ; lax and co- 

 pious faeces ; depressed countenance, drooping eyelids, lopped 

 ears ; staring coat, arched back, and chilly surface of body ; 

 the animal standing with its legs gathered together under the 

 belly. The respiration was, however, undisturbed ; the vessels 

 of the conjunctiva uninjected, and the muzzle moist. No ten- 

 derness along the course of the spine was evinced on the ap- 

 plication of pressure. 



At night, with the exception of increased weakness and the 

 passing of more fluid fsecal evacuations, there was no material 

 change in the symptoms. 



9>th. — The pulse now numbers 65, and has lost its sharp 

 beat ; the breathing is a little quickened ; the diarrhoea has 

 passed into"dysentery ; the animal's appearance is very de- 

 jected ; a discharge flows from the nostrils and eyes ; the coat 

 is staring ; the spasm of the muscles more intense ; the ex- 

 tremities and body are cold ; and the prostration of the vital 

 powers very considerable. 



9 P.M. — The pulse has risen to 75, and can be felt only with 

 difficulty in the arteries ; the breathing has become very much 

 quicker durmg the day, and now numbers 24 in the minute ; 

 the dysentery is profuse ; tenesmus is likewise present. The 

 other symptoms remain about the same as in the morning. 



9//t. — The symptoms are all increased in severity, excepting 

 that the tremors have nearly disappeared ; the abdomen is 

 much pinched in ; small quantities of blood stain the alvine 

 evacuations, which are likewise very fcetid ; the pulse is re- 

 markably tremulous, and the respiration is short and quick. 

 The animal will, however, take a little water to drink. 



\Qth. — During this day she struggled on against the disease, 

 but sunk about midnight, being far too weak to rise for several 

 hours before death. 



Port mortem — eight hours after death. — No congestion of 

 the superficial vessels, nor change in the colour of the flesh, 

 was observed on the removal of the skin, nor was there but 

 little tendency to decomposition of the body. The blood, how- 

 ever, was Jlaid and of a dark colour in all the large veins. 

 Ulceration had commenced in several places on the dor-uim 



and root of the tongue, especially around the bases of the 

 conical papillae. The fauces, velum palati, pharynx, larynx, 

 were also ulcerated here and there in patches of about the size 

 of a shilling ; the mucous membrane of the posterior nasal 

 opening was intensely reddened, and studded with yellowish- 

 coloured points from effusions of lymph iuto its follicles ; the 

 ducts of the tonsils were aho filled to repletion with lymph. 

 The lining membrane of the windpipe and bronchial tubes was 

 but slightly congested, but in many places it was covered with 

 layers of effused lymph. The substance of the lungs was 

 healthy, aa was their .serous covering. The heart was rather 

 flaccid ; no blood was found in its ventricles. 



On opening the abdomen some petechial spots were found 

 on the omentum, otherwise the serous membrane was free from 

 any vascular injection. The fourth stomach, and also tlie small 

 intestines, presented a dark-coloured condition of their outer 

 coat ; hut this was ascertained to depend on the congested 

 state of their mucous lining as seen through the other ccats. 

 The first stomach — rumen — was free from disease ; but its 

 epithelial lining could be readily peeled off in places, doubtless 

 from changes which had taken place since death. This 

 stomach contained some rather dry ingesta. A similar state 

 of things was met with in both the reticulum and omasum, 

 but no true loser dlirre existed. The lining membrane of the 

 fourth stomach — abomasum — was intensely reddened through- 

 out, and its follicles crammed with lymph. Effusions of lymph 

 adhered in many places, as scabs of a dirty yellow colour, to 

 the mucous membrane of this stomach. 



The duodenum, near to the pylorus, was in a similar state 

 to the fourth stomach, as were the jejunum and ileum in seve- 

 ral detached places along their course. Peyer's glands were 

 free from ulceration, and several of them had every appearance 

 of health. The mucous ciembrane of the large intestines was 

 ulcerated here and there ; while in other parts no change of 

 structure could be detected. These intestines contained much 

 mucus mixed with shreds of lymph. Tie liver was healthy 

 in its substance, and the gall bladder was filled with a green- 

 ish coloured bile. Its lining membrane was free from disease, 

 but thin bauds of lymph could be drawn from out of many of 

 the large biliary ducts. The urinary and genitive organs gave 

 no evidence of disease. The brain and spinal marrow were 

 firm, and presented no structural change; but an unusual 

 quantity of fluid existed both in the ventricles of the brain 

 and also in the upper part of the theca vertebralis. 



In consequence of the jccurrence of this case, and of Case 

 No. 1 iu the same quarantine station, the Commissioners de- 

 termined to slaughter the rest of the cattle, consisting of five, 

 reserving only the animal in question for our special purposes. 

 This resolve was taken on May 8th, and was somewhat 

 hastened by the circumstance that all the animals were in 

 very low condition and of little value, being the property of 

 small farmers but one degree superior in position to the pea- 

 sants. The greatest difficulty also existed in procuring suffi- 

 cient food for tbem ; and poor womeo, the wives of the pro- 

 prietors, could be daily seen standing in the mountain streams 

 for hours together, up to their knees in water, with scarcely 

 clothing sufficient to cover their persons, washings couch grass, 

 which had been picked from off the land in order to feed these 

 cattle. The step was, doubtless, rendered n cessary by the 

 circumstances; it was nevertheless most painful to witness the 

 lamentations of the poor women on its being carried into ex- 

 ecution. 



Shortly after the removal and slaughter of the animals, the 

 quarantine statioa was set on fire, and soon razed to the 

 ground. 



Case 4. 



On the evening of May 9th, information was brought to the 

 Commissioners that a fresh outbreak of the malady had oc- 

 curred in the village of Kamienica. On hearing this, we were 

 almost immediately on the spot ; and found that a cow, one of 

 five of the herd, was fast sinkiny from the disease. It was 

 evident that she had been ill for at least two or three days, 

 but had not been reported. The Commissioners expressed 

 much dissatisfaction at this,]and immediately took possession of 

 all the animals, and.sejit them off the premises into quarantine. 

 The key of the stable in which the cow had been standing was 

 delivered over to the custody of the military, and the cordon 

 established. We may here repeat, that if the proprietor con- 

 ceals the fact of the appearance of the pest among his cattle, 

 or haj been in any way instrumental in bringing it among 



