THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



139 



to state, that after leaving Austria we made our way 

 into 



Bavaria. 



This country, in common with so many others which 

 we had visited, has likewise been perfectly free from the 

 rinderpest, since from 1813 to 1815 ; its outbreak at that 

 time beinj^ referable to the same cause as in Belgium, 

 &c., namely, the passage of the Austrian army into 

 France. 



Professor Nicklas, of the Munich Veterinary School, 

 who had leturned earlier than ourselves from Galicia, 

 informed us that pleuro-pneumonia was the chief epi- 

 zootic disease which prevailed in Bavaria, but that it had 

 not existed to any considerable extent of late years. The 

 sanitary laws to limit its spread are similar to those in 

 other countries, being founded on the fact of the conta- 

 gious nature of the affection, Animals which have re- 

 covered from an attack are marked on their horns with 

 the letters L. S., signifying that they have been the sub- 

 jects of Lungenseuche, it being thought that from the 

 partial disorganization of their lungs they may be the 

 means of spreading the disease for several months after 

 their convalescence. 



With regard to rinderpest the laws are very severe ; 

 and through the kindness of Professor Niklas, we are 

 enabled to give the following details of their provi- 

 sions :— 



During the continuance of the disease, no cattle, dead 

 or alive, are allovved to be brought across the frontier. 

 Flesh, hides, entrails, horns, hair, and tallow of cattle, and 

 bones, whole or crushed, of any animal, with their hair, 

 wool, or bristles, are also especially prevented crossing by 

 the cordon ; as are woollen cloths, scutchings of leather, 

 feathers, farmyard manure, haj', clover, straw, and all other 

 descriptions of cattle fodder. 



When the disease occurs on a farm, the aifected ani- 

 mals are not removed from the slieds, but the apparently 

 healthy are taken to the quarantine station. Each 

 commune is obliged to provide a station of this descriptiou, 

 which is built of wood and divided into two parts, one for 

 the doubtful cases, and the other for the supposed healthy. 



The Commissioners have the power of allowing medical 

 treatment of the animals, but the veterinary sm-geon must 

 remain in the quarantine and receive all he requires at the 

 end of a long pole. All churches, schools, and public- 

 houses of the district are closed so as to prevent the congre- 

 gating of people together, and remove those inducements 

 which might cause persons to come from infected farms. 



On the occurrence of illness among cattle from other 

 causes as well as the pest, the Commissioners do not, as a 

 rule, approach the animals ; but, standing at a distance, 

 and within sight of them, they arrive at a decision as to 

 the nature of the ailment, frequently ordering some food to 

 be offered as a test of their freedom or otherwise from the 

 malady. In those instances where the Commissioners 

 enter the stable, they are compelled, before leaving, to 

 wash their hands, &c., with vinegar, and have their clothes 

 fumigated with chlorine gas. 



All dogs, cats, rabbits, domestic poultry, pigeons, &c., 

 have to be kept in places of security and close confinement. 

 If the disease exist in a vdlage through which a high-road 

 runs, the course of the road is turned, if possible; but when 

 this is not practicable, then a guard accompanies the several 

 travellers wlio arrive at the boundaries of the cordon, to 

 see that they do not go upon an infected premises. The 

 cordon is frequentlj' maintained by the peasants ; but none 

 are taken for this purpose from an infected village, the se- 

 lection being made from contiguous villages or farms where 

 the cattle aie health}-. 



As soon as the malady is observed in a commune, no- 

 tices are sent to all the surrounding places, tliat precau- 

 tionary measures may be immediately adopted by the 

 owners of cattle. Each comnume has to provide a place 

 for the burial of the animals which die or are slaughtered, 

 and also a waggon and horses to carry them upon ; and, 

 on the disease passing away, the waggon is burnt, and the 

 . orses are washed with a solution of chlorinated lime. 



The place of interment is likewise enclosed, and not 

 allowed to be disturbed for several years. 



On an inspection of supposed cases, the animals which 

 give indications of the malady by spasmodic twitchings ot 

 the muscles are ordered by the Commissioners to be taken 

 to tlie burial-ground, where they are killed, and interred 

 with their skins on, these being cut m the usual manner. 

 Occasionally, a special order of the Government permits 

 tlie removal of the skins, which are then to be subjected to 

 a disinfecting process, under the immediate superintendence 

 of tlie Commissioners. If but a few cases occur in a large 

 herd of cattle, the Commissioners have the power to sus- 

 pend tlie slaughtering of the exposed animals for a few 

 days, in order to watch the result : such animals have a 

 value put upon tliem, wliich is paid by the Government. 

 Should no animal fall ill within twenty days from the 

 death or slaughtering of the last case, then the quarantine 

 is raised ; but the cattle which have been liberated are not 

 allowed to go near to others until they have been washed 

 with a_ solution of chlorinated lime. On the discharge ot 

 the animals, the quarantine station is razed and burnt. 



The Commissioners have to report day by day every 

 occurrence to the Government, and to give the fullest par- 

 ticulars, even to the names of the persons employed at the 

 cordon, and the age, colour, sex, &c., of the cattle in the 

 quarantine. The hay on a farm at tlie time the pest 

 occurred is not allowed to be used for cattle, but must be 

 consumed Ijy horses and sheep. 



Such are the regulations existing in Bavaria ; in sub- 

 stance they agree with others which have been previously 

 given, but nevertheless we are of opinion that they 

 should find a place in this Report, as several of the de- 

 tails are singularly minute in providing against an ex- 

 tension of the evil. A great difficulty must evidently 

 belong to the carrying out of the requirement respecting 

 the consumption of the hay, and more particularly if 

 the malady should break out in the autumnal period 

 of the year, as then nearly the whole crop would be in 

 store. This regulation, we believe, has been enforced, 

 because it not unfrequently happens that, in accordance 

 with custom, the whole of the hay of a farm is placed 

 on strong floors above the cattle-sheds, and not put into 

 ricks as la England. 



wuiitemburg and the surrounding german 

 States. 



We learned from Professor Hering of the Veterinary 

 School at Stuttgardt, that, like Bavaria and other 

 kingdoms and States, Wurtemburg had experienced no 

 outbreak of the rinderpest since 1815, and that its 

 existence at that time was also due to the movements of 

 the Austrian army. The regulations of the sanitary 

 police are almost identical with those in force in Bavaria, 

 both with regard to the rinderpest, and also pleuro- 

 pneumonia. 



Cattle are reared in large numbers in this kingdom, 

 and are fed for the market principally by the sugar- 

 manufacturers, distillers, and brewers. When fat, they 

 are exported for the supply of the French towns, and 

 Paris in particular. With the exception of Swiss cattle, 

 which are imported for the improvement of the native 

 breeds, very few animals are sent into Wurtemburg 

 from any other country. 



Rhenish Prussia. 



It could hardly have been expected that this province 

 would be found otherwise than perfectly free from the 

 cattle pest: indeed, in our inquiries of veterinary sur- 

 geons, it was somewhat singular that we did not meet 

 with one who had even seen a case of the disease. 



Our investigations into the extent of the cattle-pest 

 may be said to have been here brought to a close, and to 

 have shown that even should a revival of the trade in 

 cattle, which had been spoken of in the former part of 

 the report, take place to England through Holland, by 

 means of the Rhine, there would be no risk incurred 



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