\H 



THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



Returning now to the trade circulars, we find that 

 the consumption of wool has greatly increased ia every 

 quarter, and that the growth has not kept pace with it. 

 In Germany however the production is almost stationary. 

 From Australia there is a decline in the shipments, as 

 compared with 1856, of 8,000 bales ; and the quantity 

 to come forward for the next sales is also very small. 

 The manner in which prices have been supported, and 

 the fact that, during a period of such unexampled pres- 

 sure, a quantity of the value of one million sterling 

 could be disposed of at the last public sales in Novem- 

 ber, at such satisfactory prices, prove the great demand. 

 The home clip is computed to have been somewhat de- 

 ficient in quantity, partly the consequence of increased 

 demand for stock during the last two years, the im- 

 proved position of the labouring classes enabling them 

 to expend more in animal food. The consumptii n of 

 domestic wools has at the same time very materially 

 increased in the worsted districts. There has never (we 

 are told) been a period when the population has been so 

 fully employed, at such high wages, as during the past 

 year. Consumption of woollen goods has, consequently, 

 been unprecedcntedly large; and, underali circumstances, 

 there are reasonable grounds to hope this will continue 

 to a fair extent. The continued increase in shipments 

 for some years past has been very considerable ; and 

 although in the previous years they had reached a very 

 high point, there is no reason to apprehend any falling- 

 olf. Notwithstanding the decline during the latter 

 months, chiefly to the United States, the exports for the 

 past year will greatly exceed any former period, and 

 during the present year, we venture to assert, will show 

 no diminution. A staple which, in its raw state, is 

 worth annually here i;7,000,000 or ^"8,000,000, and 

 of which we ship manufactures to the value of 

 £■'12,250,000, is necessarily one of high importance in 

 an industrial point of view, and one in which many 

 hands and much capital are engaged. 



CENTRAL FARMERS' CLUB. 



SUBJECTS FOR DISCUSSION, 1858. 



February 1.— The Necessity of a Uniform System of 

 Weights or Measure in the sale of Corn and other Agri-. 

 cultural Produce throughout England and Wales. Proposed 

 by Mr,. Owen Wallia, Overstone-Grange, Northampton. 



March 1.— The Cultivation and Storing of Mangel Wurzel, 

 and the best modes of using it for Feeding and other pur- 

 poses—Mr. R. Baker, Writtle, Chelmsford. 



April 5.— The Advantages of Guano for Root Crops, and the 

 best System of applying it without injury to the Germina- 

 tion of Seed— Mr. W. Samsbury, Manor House, West 

 Laviugton, Wilts. 



May 3.— The Breeding, Rearing, and Management of Lambs, 

 as a successful means of providing against Pleuro-Pneumo- 

 uia and Consumption — Mr. J. Marshall, Riseholm, Lincoln. 



June 7.— The Benefit of Pulping or Mincing Roots for Cattle, 

 Pigs, and Sheep— Mr. T. Fordham, Snelsmore Hill, New- 

 bury. 



November 1.— The Allotment System : its Uses and Abuses 

 —Mr. H. Trethewy, Silsoe, Ampthill. 



December 6.— Stock Farming, on stiff retentive Soils- 

 Mr. R. Bond, Kentwell, Long Melford, Suffolk. 



*»* The Discussions will commence at half-past 5 o'clock, p.m. 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 



The Sessional Examination of this Institution was brought 

 to a close on December 17th, when the following students ob- 

 tained the college diploma, and became thereby members and 

 graduates of the institution :— 

 John Aitken, Ayrshire. 



John Dawson, Cragg House, Troutbeck, Windermere. 

 James E. Hawkesley, Bedfords. Havering-atte-Bower, Essex. 

 William M'Lttughlm, Boraston, Tenbury, 



We subjoin the names of those students who headed the 



examination lists in Practical Agriculture, the various sci- 

 ences, &c. : — 



Practical Agriculture. — 1st, Aitken ; 2ud, Greenhill ; 

 3rd, Robertson ; 4th, Hills and M'Laugblin ; 5th, Dawson and 

 Hawksley ; 6th, Duckworth, Horton, and Tomliu. 



CuEMiSTRV (Organic). — 1st, Hawksley; 2nd, Aitken; 

 3rd, Foden ; 4th, Greenhill ; 5th, M'Laugblin; 6th, Lloyd and 

 Dawson. (Inorganic). — 1st, Gardner ; 2nd, Lewis; 3rd, Corn- 

 wall ; 4th, Lamb. 



Veterinary (First Division).— 1st, Hawksley; 2ud, Daw- 

 sou and Tomliu ; 3rd, Aitken ; 4th, MLaughlin and Lloyd. 

 (Second Division). — Ist, Lewis ; 2ud, H. James ; 3rd, Lamb ; 

 4th, Gardner ; 5th, Nott. 



Natural History (Botany).— 1st, Aitken and Hawksley ; 

 2nd, Dawson, Foden, Sayce, Lloyd, and M'Laugblin. (Agro- 

 nomics). — 1st, Cornwall and H. James; 2nd, Nott; 3rd, 

 Jearrad and Adkins. 



Surveying and Engineering (First Division). — Ist, 

 Hills and Aitkin; 2ud,Tomlin and M'Laugblin; 3rd, Daw- 

 son; 4th, Gardner; 5th, Hawksley. (Second Division). — 1st, 

 Cary ; 2ud, Lewis and Nott ; 3rd, Power and White. 



Prizes for Farm Books and Journals. — 1st, Gard- 

 ner; 2ud, Horton; 3rd, Lloyd. 



Laboratory Prizes. — Classes 1 and 2, H. S. Morgan; 

 Classes 3 and 4, Lamb; Classes 5 and 6, Gatratt. Highly 

 commended, Rix and Yarker. Commended, Cornwall. 



Veterinary Hospital Journals. — Ist, Hawksley; 

 2nd, Marrack and Greenhill. 



Anatomical Note Books. — Ist, Gardner ; 2nd, Crofts 

 and Lewis. 



IMPORTANT DECISION IN THE COURT 



OF QUEEN'S BENCH, 



BEFORE LORD CAMPBELL, AND JUSTICES COLE- 

 RIDGE, wightman, and ERLE. 



MOVEABLE STEAM ENGINES foe FARMING 

 PURPOSES NOT LIABLE TO TOLL. 



THE aUBEN V. MaLTY. 



This was a case stated by the Worcestershire Quarter Ses- 

 sions for the opinion of the Court, and whicli raised the ques- 

 tion whether a moveable steam engine exclusively employed 

 for the purpose of working thrashing machines was an " im- 

 plement of husbandry," and, as such, exempt from toll in 

 passing through a turnpike on a turnpike-road. It appeared 

 from the case that the engine in question was drawn by horses, 

 and was following a thrashing machine, also drawn by horses, 

 and both were going to a farm at Upton-upon-Severn, to be 

 employed in thrashing corn. The thrashing machine was 

 allowed to pass through the gate free of toll, but toll was levied 

 upon the steam engine, and the toll-keeper was subsequently 

 convicted for improperly taking toll. 



Mr. Powell, in support of the conviction, submitted that the 

 steam engine was an implement of husbandry within the meaning 

 of the act ; and if not, that it was so necessarily associated 

 with an implement of husbandry that it came within the spirit 

 of the enactment, and consequently within the exemption. 

 The Turnpike Act exempted, from toll, among other things, 

 implements of husbandry. Under that statute considerable 

 doubt existed as to whether thrashing machines were imple- 

 ments of husbandry ; and the 38th of the 14 and 15 Vict., 

 section 4, set that doubt at rest, by providing specihcaliy that 

 they should be so deemed. Dr. Johnson said " implement" 

 was "an instrument of manufacture," and he (the learned 

 counsel) contended that by virtue of the last statute the steam 

 engine in this case was an implement of husbandry within 

 that definition. 



The court observed that the steam engine gave motive power 

 to the thrashing machine, and did not actually form a part of 

 it. The thrashing machine might be worked by the hand, by 

 horse, or by water. 



Mr. Stretton, on the other side, contended that as the 

 steam machine could be used for giving motive power for 

 printing, spinning, and many other purposes, the fact of its 

 simply going along the road to work a thrashing machine did 

 not make it an implement of husbandry. 



Lord Campbell said the court could not be influenced by 

 their opinion of the justice or policy of exemptions iu favour 

 of one class of her Majesty's subjects at the expense of another. 



