iv CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Chapter II. Summary Description of the Different Provinces of North America in Late 



Paleozoic Time 47 



A. The Eastern Province 49 



I. The Northeastern Subprovince 5' 



(a) The Canadian region— Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick 51 



(b) The Joggins section 54 



(c) The New England region 58 



II. The Southern Subprovince • • • • ^4 



(o) Appearance of red beds in Pennsylvania and West Virginia 65 



(6) The western part of the Southern Subprovince 76 



(c) Conditions in Iowa 8' 



(d) Conditions in Missouri 82 



Chapter III. The Plains Province 85 



A. The late Paleozoic in Kansas 85 



B. The late Paleozoic in Oklahoma 93 



C. The late Paleozoic in Texas and New Mexico 9^ 



D. The late Paleozoic in the northern part of the Plains Province and on the eastern front of 



the Rocky Mountains 107 



Chapter IV. The Basin Province ii3 



A. The upper Pennsylvanian in the Basin Province ■ 1 13 



(a) Conditions in Texas "5 



lb) Conditions in New Mexico 1 1 7 



(c) Conditions in Arizona '17 



(d) Conditions in Colorado 120 



(e) Conditions in Nevada 125 



(/) Conditions in Utah 126 



(g) Conditions in Idaho 13° 



(h) Conditions in Wyoming 13° 



(i) Conditions in Montana 132 



(j) Conditions on the Pacific Coast 136 



B. Permo-Carboniferous of New Mexico 141 



C. Permo-Carboniferous of Arizona 14^ 



D. Permo-Carboniferous of Southwestern Colorado 154 



E. Permo-Carboniferous of the northern part of the Basin Province 159 



Chapter V. The Late Paleozoic in British Columbia 171 



Chapter VI. The Late Paleozoic in Alaska i79 



Chapter VII. Interpretation of the Environmental Conditions from the Evidence of the 



Deposits '^7 



A. Permo-Carboniferous conditions versus Permo-Carboniferous time 187 



B. Interpretation of conditions in Allegheny and Lower Conemaugh time 193 



C. Interpretation of conditions in Conemaugh and Dunkard time 203 



D. Interpretation of conditions in the western part of the Eastern Province 207 



E. Interpretation of conditions in the Plains Province 208 



F. Interpretation of conditions in the Basin Province 213 



G. Interpretation of conditions in British Columbia and Alaska 216 



Chapter VIII. Paleobotanical Evidence as to the Equivalence of the Beds in the Eastern 



AND the Plains Provinces 221 



A. Evidence of fossil insects as to equivalence of the Permo-Carboniferous beds in the Eastern 



and the Plains Provinces 229 



Chapter IX. Climatology of the Late Paleozoic 231 



A. Climate of the late Pennsylvanian 233 



B. Climate of the Permo-Carboniferous 244 



C. Cause of the climatic change 251 



Chapter X. Areal Geography of North America in the Late Paleozoic 253 



Chapter XI. Development and Fate of Vertebr.\te Life in the Permo-Carboniferous in 



Relation to its Environment 263 



