DIFFERENT PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA IN LATE PALEOZOIC TIME 51 



access of intensity as the great Hercynian-Appalachian uplift developed from 

 the east toward the west. The Southern Subprovince, on the other hand, 

 was a basin of enormous size, with the bulk of its area far removed from 

 the source of sedimentary material and subjected to vertical movements 

 only of a relatively minor character. The folding of the eastern side of the 

 basin took place at or after the close of the interval under consideration. 



I. THE NORTHEASTERN SUBPROVINCE. 



The Northeastern Subprovince includes portions of New Brunswick and 

 Nova Scotia between the Bay of Fundy and Northumberland Strait, Prince 

 Edward Island, and portions of the United States as far south as Massa- 

 chusetts and Rhode Island. (Fig. i.) 



(a) The Canadian Region. 



A summary description of the portion of the subprovince which lies in 

 Canada has been given by Young :^ 



"Along the banks of the East River, in the vicinity of New Glasgow,are expos- 

 ures of a red, coarse conglomerate which has received the name New Glasgow con- 

 glomerate. This formation is the basal member of a very thick group of strata 

 which, in a comparatively undisturbed condition, floor the country north and west 

 of New Glasgow, outcropping along the Nova Scotian and New Brunswick shores 

 of Northumberland Strait for a distance of about 80 miles (130 km.), and underly- 

 ing the whole of Prince Edward Island. What have been described as equivalent 

 measures also occur in the western part of the Joggins section along the Bay 

 of Fundy coast. The distribution of this group of strata is confined, so far 

 as known, to the general region lying north of the Cobequid Hills, which 

 stretch easterly from the Bay of Fundy to not far from New Glasgow, a 

 distance of about 100 miles (160 km.). In the portion of Nova Scotia north 

 of the Cobequid Hills and the adjacent portion of New Brunswick, and in Prince 

 Edward Island, this thick group of strata, of which the New Glasgow conglomer- 

 ate in places forms the base, occurs in four distinct basins or areas. One, the 

 Prince Edward Island area, occupies the whole of that island and is separated 

 by the waters of Northumberland Strait from a second which lies on the mainland 

 fronting Prince Edward Island. The second area stretches westerly to the head 

 of the Bay of Fundy, lies partly in New Brunswick, partly in Nova Scotia. It 

 is separated from the two remaining areas by an anticlinal axis of folding running 

 eastward from the head of the Bay of Fundy to Northumberland Strait and 

 along which are exposed Carboniferous strata of the age of the Productive Coal 

 Measures and older. The third area fronts on the Bay of Fundy coast, forms the 

 western portion of the famous Joggins section, and extends inland along the 

 north flank of the Cobequid Hills. It is separated from the fourth area by 

 axes of folding along which are exposed older Carboniferous rocks. The fourth 

 area may be named the New Glasgow area. It stretches from New Glasgow 

 westward along the north flank of the Cobequids and northward from the foot 

 of the hills to Northumberland Strait. 



"This widely extended and thick group of strata of which, in certain districts, 

 the New Glasgow conglomerate forms the natural base, appears everywhere to 



1 Young, G. A., Guide Book No. i, part n, Excursion in Eastern Quebec and the IVIaritime 

 Provinces, issued by the Geological Survey, Ottawa, p. 229, 1913. 



