58 ENVIRONMENT OF VERTEBRATE LIFE, ETC. 



previously been a myster>\ viz, how a Cobequid upland of so narrow a breadth, 

 even of Alpine height, could have furnished any important contribution to the 

 thousands of feet of Carboniferous sediments." ' 



The Joggins formation is stated by Moodie to be "very much the same 

 age as the Linton beds and comes in near the base of the Allegheny River 

 series." ^ This statement is made on the basis of the report by Bell,^ 

 but this correlation can be regarded only as very provisional. It would 

 appear more probable that it includes all the upper Pennsylvanian and that 

 the Shulie is Permo-Carboniferous. 



In 1893, Fletcher,^ in describing the Permian of the Canadian region, 

 concluded that the New Glasgow conglomerate was newer than the Coal 

 Measures and separated from them (the millstone grit) b}' an unconformity. 

 The dip of the lower beds is less steep than that of the upper and "gray 

 sandstone with greenish and reddish tints, dipping 42° to 51°, is overlain by 

 thick beds of very coarse conglomerate which fills depressions in the lower 

 beds." The upper conglomerate contains pebbles derived from the upper 

 Pennsylvanian, millstone grit. 



(c) The New England Region. 



It is impossible to correlate directly the beds of the Northeastern Sub- 

 province with those of the Southern, but enough has been written concerning 

 the latter to show that the conditions which influenced the life of the close 

 of the Paleozoic began as low at least as the middle of the Conemaugh, and 

 it is possible to show that changes due to similar, if not synchronously 

 identical, conditions occurred in New England and the Maritime Provinces 

 of Canada. That the change in regularity, persistence, and color in the 

 Pennsylvanian and West Mrginia beds was due to an elevation to the east 

 with an alteration in climate can hardly be denied, and the occurrence of 

 conglomerates, glacial conglomerates, and irregular red beds to the north 

 and east, with a traceable origin of the material to south and west, points 

 to the same, or a similar, series of disturbances. 



Emerson has recently given a summary of the geology of Massachusetts 

 and Rhode Island,^ in which he states that the Carboniferous of the Boston 

 basin consists of two series, the Cambridge slate and the Roxbury con- 

 glomerate. 



The Cambridge slate lies unconformably upon the Roxbury conglomer- 



^ Bell, loc. cit., 1912, p. 370, 1914. 



^ Moodie, R. L., The Coal Measures Amphibia of North America, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 



No. 238, p. 19, 1916. 

 ' Bell, W. G., Summary Report Canadian Geological Survey for 191 2, p. 360, 1914. 

 * Fletcher, Hugh, Geological Surveys and Explorations in the Counties of Pictou and 



Colchester, Nova Scotia, Annual Report Geological Survey of Canada, new series, 



vol. 5, pp. 108-141, 1893. 

 ' Emerson, B. K., Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Bull. 597, U. S. Geological 



Survey, 1917. 



