72 



THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



Average annual estimated coat of wear and tear 



and interest as ptr above statement £138 6 9 



Average daily coat of manual and horse labour, 

 coale, and oil as per above statement — £1 93. 

 lOd. per day on 200 working days 298 6 3 



Will give the annual expenditure requited for the 



effectual working and renewal of Fowler'a 



machinery £436 13 



No. V. 



Let us now proceed to estimate the capital required for 

 Mr. Smith's Cultivator. 



Eight-horae (double cylinder) engine £250 



Windlass, eight iron anchors, six snatch blocks, 

 30 rollers, 2 wood anchors, 3 wood levers, 2 

 beetles, and 2 crow bars 125 



1,400 yards steel rope 60 



No. 3 b implement £16 lOs., turning bow £21... 37 



472 

 With subsoil and trenching ploughs, and No. 4 



cultivator, extra 42 



Expenses of carrriage, &c 6 



Total outlay £520 



Mr, Eobertsou'a outlay was rather above this amount. 



liABOUR AND EXPENSES REaUIRED TO WORK THE ABOVE 

 ADVANTAGEOUSLY. 



The Calculation in the Chester 



Report 



Ditto Mr. Pike, of Stevington 



Ditto Mr. Robertson, of Spal- 



dingtou 



3) 



12 9 

 15 8 



13 6 



2 11 11 



17 4 



£ a. d. 



10 



9 60 6 



5 6il 



s. d. 

 1 



I 5 02 6 



8 4 10 



tf fe- 



8. d. 



4 

 1 6 



2 



7 6 

 2 6 



£ s. d. 



Average manual labour , 17 4 



Ditto coals 8 4 



Ditto oil 10 



Ditto removal 2 6 



Per diem £1 9 Q 



Wear and Tear and Interest on Outlay on Smith's 

 Steam Cultivators. £ g. d. 



Mr. Pike puts the wear and tear, not including 



rope, but including interest upon prime cost, at 



153. per cent, on £165, per week 14 9 



Wear and tear of engine, 15 per cent, on £115 



(half-price), per week , 15 3 



Wear and tear of rope, 2s. per acre, at 30 acres, 



per week 3 



£5 



And hmits hia calculation to 20 weeks in a year, or £100 per 

 annum. £ b. d. 



Mr Robertson has used his rope one year and re- 

 quires another, that is, £60; deduct value of 

 old material £10 50 o 



To this ought to be added, 200 days wear and 

 tear on the cost of engine and machinery, 15 

 per cent, on £460 , ^ 37 16 



And 5 per cent, per annum on total outlay of £520 26 



m. r^t. . 113 16 



ihe Chester meeting puts down 5 per cent, interest 

 and 20 per cent, wear and tear on prime cost of 

 £430, taking 200 days at 10a. 9d. per day ... . 107 10 



Mr. Pike's estimate jOO 



rr * 1 / 3) 321 6 



Total expenses of preserving the efficiency of the 



Whole machineiy, with interest on outlay .... ^£107 2 Q 



Average annual estimated cost of wear and tear 



and interest on outlay a3 per above statement £107 2 



Average annual estimate for manual labour, coals, 

 oil, and removal — 200 days at £1 9j. as per 

 above statement 290 



Will give the annual expenditure required for the 



effectual working and renewal of Smith's cul- 



tivating machinery £397 2 



Total annual expense of Fowler's system 436 13 



DittoSmith's 397 2 



£ 39 11 



Or upon 200 working d*y3 at 4 J acres will make Fowler's 

 apparatus stand to 98. 8d. per acre, and Smith's ditto Ss. lOd. 

 per acre. 



Mr. Bird estimates Mr. Fowler's at lOs. 3d. per acre with 

 wear and tear and interest. 



Mr. Redman ditto at 83. 2d. ditto. 



Mr. Saltmarshe ditto at 83. without wear and tear and in- 

 terest of money. 



Mr. Randall estimates Mr. Smith's cultivator at 128. per 

 acre on strong land, and 83, on light laud, or IO3. per acre if 

 of equal area. 



Mr. Robertson Bs. per acre if of equal area. 



No. VI. 



HORSE POWER. 



capital required. 



Eight horses at £30 £240 



Implements and gearing &c. . . 40 



£280 

 Eight horses — Maintenance, saddler, farrier, and 

 Blacksmith ; depreciation and interest as per 



former statement at £30 £240 



implements. 

 Four ploughs, two pair harrows, and one drag, 

 awingletrees and gearing for eight horses, in- 

 terest, repairing, and renewing at 25 per cent. 10 

 labour. 

 2 men 48., 2 boys 2s. 6d.— 6s. 6d at 200 days . . 65 

 1 man 113 days at Ss 11 6 



£326 6 

 Or by horse power the annual expenditure would be £71 

 per annum less than by the use of Smith's cultivator, and 

 £100 per annum less than by Fowler's plough, &o. 

 I have now arrived at the last portion of my subject, 

 viz., " how far steam cultivation can be made profitably 

 available," and to gain this information, 1 purpose to 

 consider first its separate bearings on heavy and light 

 soils, and then whether the area of farms in England is of 

 sufficient extent to afford this costly addition. / think 

 there cannot be a doubt as to its profitable introduction 

 on coldf strong, and tenacious land; the experience of 

 every cultivator of the soil tells him that deep dry 

 cultivation is what nature requires to nourish and bring 

 to perfect maturity the seed committed to her care. It 

 is not a question of a few shillings per acre betwixt 

 the shallow ploughing and treading of the soil during 

 the operation by the slow heavy draught-horse, 

 which on strong lands the farmer is compelled 

 to use. Let the occupier at harvest time cast his 

 eye over a field of grain which he has thoroughly 

 drained the preceding year, and he will instantly 

 detect by the colour and the length of the straw where 

 every drain has been cut. Deep cultivation prepares 

 the soil to receive and retain a larger amount of mois- 

 ture, and as a natural consequence to resist for a much 

 longer period a droughty season. The consideration of the 

 beneficial eflPects produced by deep cultivation is alone 

 sufficient for an evening's discussion : as such I will not 

 further advert to it, but turn to another description of 

 land, viz., light-landed farms, and under this head I class 

 sand, wold, gentle warp, light loamy, and peat soils. It 

 is upon land of this description that the practical benefit 

 to be derived by steam-power has not yet to me been 



