THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



;i35 



produce of £8 3s. 7d. The labour of cultivation costs 

 from £-1 to £5 per acre. 



In Bourgogne and Beaujolais, the former being between 

 45 and 47 degrees of N. latitude, and the latter between 

 45 and 46, there are 96,G32 hectares * of land producing 

 wine. 



In the Department of the Yonne, there arc 37,212 

 hectares. The produce is 950,000 hectolitres, of which 

 250,000 are consumed in France. Of the first growths 

 are to be distinguished amongst the red wines des 

 Olivotes, les vins des Cotes de Piloy, la Grande Cote 

 d'Auxerre. That which takes first rank amongst the 

 whole is called Vaumorillon. 



In the Department of Cote d'Or, there are 20,658 

 hectares of vineyards, producing 560,000 hectolitres. 



The first wines of this department, in which class are 

 ranked La Romanee Cenii, Lc Chnmhertin, Le Riche- 

 bourg, and Le Clos Vougeof, provided the year is good, 

 unite happily all those qualities which constitute a per- 

 fect wine. They need no doctoring — none of those 

 " soins qui aident a la qualitc " which wines cf inferior 

 quality require. Such tampering is sure to ruin their 

 bouquet. The secondary red wines of this district, are 

 from the vineyards known by the names, Vasne, Nuits^ 

 Premeaii. 



In the Department de Saone-et-Loire there are 

 900,000 hectolitres, the produce of 38,872 hectares ; 

 and 47,190 proprietors. France consumes 250,000 

 hectolitres. 



None of these wines are to be compared with wines of 

 the first class. They are generally known as de vins de 

 Mecon, and are more esteemed as good ordinary wines, 

 than as wines of a high rank. Amongst the first are le 

 Moulin a Vent, Chenas, Les vins des Tours. 



As a whole the Burgundy wines are distinguished by 

 their beautiful colour, fine flavour, and aroma, com- 

 bining in an extraordinary degree the qualities of light- 

 ness and delicacy with richness and fulness of body. 



The principal white wine of Burgundy, in no way in- 

 ferior to the red, is known by the name of Mont 

 Racket. The secondary qualities are known as Les 

 Charmes, La Perriere, La Combotte, La Goutte d'Or, 

 all of splendid amber tint. 



The produce of these vineyards is very much on the 

 increase, and, as the demand for wine becomes more 

 felt, will be larger and larger. This conviction is 

 strengthened by the fact that the vineyards occupy 

 generally those lands upon which wheat will not grow, 

 and there will consequently be no battle to fight amongst 

 the economists, and no question to determine as to 

 whether the growth of the vine should be discouraged on 

 behalf of the grain crop. As I pointed out while we were 

 looking at the soil of Eutre-deux-mers, between the 

 Garonnne and the Dordogne, the French are able to 

 grow their national beverage upon soil that in England 

 is handed over to rabbits and ferns, leaving their barley 

 lands quite unburdened, ready to the full to augment, 

 by a little encouragement, the national resources. There 

 is, therefore, every reason why capital should flow to 



* The hectare is equal to SJ English acres, the hectolitre to 28 

 English gallons. 



the waste lands ; and it is a remarkable sight in France 

 to see those lands, which in most countries are left till 

 last, coming first into cultivation, and producing such 

 large results as we have seen, while much of their best 

 land is lying comparatively idle. The French are very 

 much to blame not to have made tliis fact tell with 

 greater significance. With their splendid advantages, 

 food, and climate, why are they to be found not so much 

 advanced as we were 100 years ago ? 



I suspect that the want of a good government (which 

 is another word for self-reliance and freedom on the 

 subject), and a peaceable disposition, may answer the 

 question. 



Now, as to price. The Romanee Cente of the second 

 years' vintage can be bought at 5s. per bottle, the 

 Clos Vougeot at 4s. to 5s., and the Chambertin, Veo- 

 ney, Baume, and Richebourg at 3s. 6d., in France. 

 But these arc the better classes of wine, that will not 

 bear transport. If we would regale ourselves with the 

 premieres crus^ we must make their acquaintance on 

 the other side the channel. 



When the full duty shall have been taken off" the third 

 and fourth qualities, which are very superior wines, they 

 will be placed on our tables at a very easy rate. It is 

 not to be supposed that Burgundy will become exactly 

 pot-house tipple, or that it will mantle in the pewter of 

 the coalheaver ; but in a few years we shall drink the 

 produce of Bourgogne and Beaugolais at the same price 

 we now give for bitter beer. 



May we quickly get back again to the simple tastes of 

 those English knights, who, in that noon-tide of Eng- 

 lish chivalry which Froissart describes, disliked warring 

 in Spain because of her fiery wines, which they com- 

 plained burnt up their livers and aggravated the heat of 

 the climate and the weight of their armour. F. R. S. 



MESSRS. CHILD AND OWEN'S PATENT 

 SMUT MACHINE, OR SCOURING SCREEN. 



We received an invitation a few days since, to inspect a 

 new smut machine, the invention of the above machinists, 

 whose " grain separator," and improved Allen's mowing 

 and reaping machines — the latter now manufactured by 

 Messrs. Burgess & Key, who obtained by it the first prize 

 and the honorary gold medal at the late imperial meeting at 

 Fouilleuse — have already attracted so much of the public 

 attention and approbation. 



The machine we went to inspect was at the Great City 

 Mills, near Blackfriara Bridge, now conducted by Messrs. 

 Hadley Brothers, who politely aftbrded us every opportu- 

 nity of inspecting tlie working of the machine (with which 

 they expressed themselves well satisfied) ; and also showed 

 us over the mills, the machinery of which surpasses any- 

 thing of the kind we had ever before seen, in the complete- 

 ness and adaptation of the several parts, and the steadiness 

 and entire absence of vibratorj' motion with which the 

 steam-engine of 400 horse-power, and 40 pairs of stones, 

 &c., &c., performed their work. 



The smutter consists, in the first place, of a vertical cylin- 

 dricalframe, or " concave," about 5 feet 6 inches in height, 



