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THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



Fig. 5. 



repregents c S; fe,cd; hg, la; eg, da; and in 



the last stage the slice is so completely reversed, that the 

 lower side i I was the upper i c in its first stage, the 

 lower a ^ in the first being j Jc the upper in the last 

 stage. 



Again, the whole of the furrow slices lie in the same 

 direction ; thus, let a S c d, fig. 6, be the first slice 

 turned over by the plough as it comes in the direction 

 ef, the plough is turned sharply round in reaching the 

 point /, so that it points in the direction of h g. The 



^ y y 



y / /- 



Fisr. 6. 



mould-board is then removed to the side of the beam 

 opposite to that on which it was fixed in coming up the 

 line from e to /"— that is from the right to the left ; it 

 then lays its furrow slice (i) immediately in contact with 

 the last laid one {ab c d), although the ploug his going 

 in the contrary direction. On reaching the point g, the 

 mould-board is again removed from the left-hand and 

 fixed to the right-hand side of the plough-beam ; the 

 plough is then turned round pointing in the direction 

 of k, and made to follow the line j Ti, which lays over 

 the next furrow slice {t). 



In addition to completely turning over the furrow 

 slice so that the upper surface shall be the lower, as J c, 

 i I, fig. 5, it is not left unbroken, as ia the case of 

 that of the ordinary plough, but is pulverized, so that 

 the angular shoulders, asd c d, fig. 2, are not presented, 

 but a series of half-rounded surfaces, as shown in the 

 dotted lines in fig. 6. So much for the difference be- 

 tween the operations of ploughing as affected by the 

 Kentish turn-wrest and the ordinary mould-board 

 plough. It now remains for us to describe the pecu- 

 liarities of construction of the turn-wrest plough ; this 

 being, doubtless, a novelty to many of our readers. 



The general form of the plough, in its want of light- 

 ness of construction, is anything but likely to convey a 

 favourable impression to the mind of the spectator who 

 sees it for the first time. Perhaps the correct term with 

 which best to designate it, is that it is a clumsy-looking 

 implement, giving no great assurance of its working 

 capabilities. In its general arrangement, so far as the 

 beam and wheel -carriage go, it is not unlike the 

 French (Flanders) wheel-plough, which we illustrated 

 some weeks ago in our article on the " Agriculture of 

 Flanders" in this Journal. The following is a descrip. 



tion of the parts of the Kentish turn-wrest plough in 

 what may be called its normal condition. The beam is 

 of wood, and rises upwards towards the front at a con- 

 siderable angle. The end of the beam is supported by 

 two wheels : these, however, are not fixed to the beam 

 in the usual manner displayed in wheel-ploughs, but 

 the end of the beam rests in a hollow or rounded part 

 of a piece of wood called the " bolster." This is made 

 to rise and fall between two parallel rods or bars— 

 (ermed a gallows — which rise vertically from the axle- 

 bar or carriage of the wheels. The wheel carriage, thus 

 independent of the beam, is however secured to it by 

 means of chains, all of which are adjustable, so that the 

 wheel-carriage can be brought nearer to the working 

 part of the plough. At the hind end of the beam a 

 "foot" is mortised, the lower end of this being con- 

 nected with the hinder part of the " chep" or sole, the 

 front of which bears the share or '* buck." To the upper 

 part of the foot the handles are fixed. In front of the 

 foot, a flat piece of wood passes through a mortice in 

 the beam, and is connected with the sole or " chep." 

 The front of the "chep" is rounded, and rising upwards 

 expands into larger diameter as it approaches the stilts 

 or handles. The share itself is shaped like a chisel, 

 with broad expanding point. The coulter passes through 

 a mortice hole made in the beam ; this being made an- 

 gular or broader at the top side than at the bottom, 

 admits of a side movement of the thin flat coulter. 

 This side movement of the coulter is required to change 

 the direction of its cutting-point from one side of the 

 share point to another, so that the point of the coulter 

 may be on a line with the point of the share, which is nearest 

 the land from which the next furrow slice is to be cut. 

 The upper end of the coulter is placed and kept in position 



