THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



491 



of roots, which the teams may share partly with the 

 yard cattle, as a relish for the latter, with their straw 

 and cake; and with fiftceu acres of clover hay, fifteen 

 acres of clover aftermath cut green, or left for a second 

 crop of hay, and the four acres of tares mown for early 

 summer-feed — the nine horses will be pretty well pro- 

 vided for. And there will be hay and roots and green 

 food to spare for two or three milch cows during their 

 time of winter housing. The yard and hovel beasts are 

 to improve enough in value through the winter to pay 

 for attendance, the carting of straw, management of the 

 muck, &c. ; and thus there remains only the outlay f(ir 

 tillage and general expenses to be set against the pro- 

 ceeds of the wheat and pulse crops, which are all the 

 produce Frank is to depend on for his returns, seeing 

 that the other cropping goes for horse food. 



Now for the working expenses. The manual labour 

 and thrashing (as I said) comes to 32s. per acre on tbe 

 wheat. We calculated it to be 24s. per acre on the peas 

 and beans, 20s. on the oats, 12s. on the clover, and 32s. 

 on the roots and vetches — altogether, £'434. The cost 

 of the nine horses we averaged from the Royal Agricul- 

 tural Society of England's Journal, and the requisite 

 wages of the team-men, in this way : — 



Blacksmith 



Saddler 



Farrier 



Depreciation and casualties, £5 per horse 



£15 



5 



5 



45 



Wages of meu and lads, varying from 15a. to 12s., 

 9s., and Sa, per week, with extra for harveat 



:':} 



70 

 166 



Wear-and-tear of implements, &c,, at 23. per acre 



236 

 30 



£266 



Manual labour 434 



Seed.&c 100 



Oilcake, &c., for beasts 150 



Artificial manure for roota 10 



Rent, at 40^. per acre, £600 



Tithe, rates, taxes, &c., at ISa. per acre 225 



£960 



825 



£1785 



The outlay, therefore, is a trifle under £^ per acre, on 

 the 300 acres — becoming a little heavier as prices rise. 



Now, for the returns. We reckoned up the crops at 

 all sorts of yields and the prices likely to be realized. 



Acres. 



Yield 

 per acre. 



185 wheat 4 qrs. 

 76 peas 

 and beansi 4 qrs. 



710 qrs 

 ,300 qrs 



C t m ^ 

 3 '-S " 



£l4dO 

 450 



;ei930 

 Deduct expenses 1785 



Profit £■ 145 



Or, on the capital in- \ 8 per 

 vested J cent. 



o at 



£ 390 



£1850 

 600 



£245) 

 1850 



£ 600 



22 per 32 per 

 cent. cent, 



3 C 



o a 



£2220 

 675 



£2895 

 1895 



£1COO 



53 per 



cent. 



This table shows pretty well ; but Frank will not heir 

 of only four quarters per acre : be is sure, from the 



example of what is being done on land subjected to a 

 long series of crops, his wheat (being only two crops in 

 succession, and so never occupying precisely the same 

 stripes of ground at intervals of two years as iu Mr. 

 Clarke's piece) will yield much more. Besides, instead 

 of following wheat, barley, and wheat before that, (like 

 Mr. C.'s thirty bushels an acre crop) eighty-five acres of 

 Frank Clayfield's wheat will come after well manured 

 peas, beans, and roots; fifteen acres will follow clover ; 

 and only eighty-five acres will succeed wheat : so that 

 the wheat crops will have all the advantage of ground in 

 good condition, as well as the forcing and feeding of the 

 tillage, which stirs and cleans the land. Our friend is 

 so confident on this point, insisting upon the certainty 

 of an average of five quarters, that we made the calcu- 

 lation on this supposition just to humour him ; at the 

 same time reckoning also at the medium and more mo- 

 derate figure of A\ quarters. 



Acres. 



185 wheat 4^ qrs. 

 75 peas &! 



beans .j 4 qrs. 



Produce 



832 qrs. 



300 qrs. 



Deduct expenses , 



Profit 



Or, on the capital en- 

 gaged 



■<! <o 



£2496 



675 



£3171 

 1895 



£1278 

 67 per 

 cent. 



£1850 

 450 



Deduct expenses . 



Profit 



Or, on the capital en- 



£23110 



1785 



£515 



28 per 

 cent. 



£2081 

 625 



£26ii6 

 1800 



£806 



44 per 



cent. 



£2312 



COO 



£2912 

 1850 



£1062 



57 per 



cent. 



Looking at these estimates, which were not framed 

 merely to prove a case, and seeing that anyhow the per- 

 centage for capital would be good, and that, with wheat 

 at 45s. or 50s. a quarter, our wheat-grower would be 

 making a clear income of at least £^^0 up to £^,000 a 

 year (according to yield) off his 300 acres ; while, still 

 further, there is a fair chance of his profit swelling to 

 £\ 500 in a year of tolerably good prices (to say nothing 

 of his minting money if markets jumped, as they occa- 

 sionally d<') : we all said, " Well, really, there is some- 

 thing in it !" 



We got talking afterwards about the Woolston farm- 

 ing, and the unparalleled cheapness of the tillage there 

 accomplished by steam-power, Frank maintaining that, 

 in the same way, a still larger gain in his new mode of 

 wheat growing would be secured by employing steam, 

 instead of part of the proposed team of nine horses. 

 He showed clearly enough from Mr. Clarke's ten-acre 

 experiment, and the number of days' work there done, 

 that nine horses are a sufficient force for the culture 

 supposed. But I must not go into these details at pre- 

 sent, or you will find this too prolix a " a chat about 



corn-growing. 



Quis-ctuis. 



